• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.146-146
• /
• 2022

A flash flood is one of the most hazardous natural events caused by heavy rainfall in a short period of time in mountainous areas with steep slopes. Early warning of flash flood is vital to minimize damage, but challenges remain in the enhancing accuracy and reliability of flash flood forecasts. The forecasters can easily determine whether flash flood is occurred using the flash flood guidance (FFG) comparing to rainfall volume of the same duration. In terms of this, the hydrological model that can consider the basin characteristics in real time can increase the accuracy of flash flood forecasting. Also, the predicted radar rainfall has a strength for short-lead time can be useful for flash flood forecasting. Therefore, using both hydrological models and radar rainfall forecasts can improve the accuracy of flash flood forecasts. In this study, FFG was applied to simulate some flash flood events in the Taehwa river basin by using of SURR model to consider soil moisture, and applied to the flash flood forecasting using predicted radar rainfall. The hydrometeorological data are gathered from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, radar rainfall is forecasted up to 6-hours has been used to forecast flash flood during heavy rain in August 2021, Wulsan area. The accuracy of the predicted rainfall is evaluated and the correlation between observed and predicted rainfall is analyzed for quantitative evaluation. The results show that with a short lead time (1-3hr) the result of forecast flash flood events was very close to collected information, but with a larger lead time big difference was observed. The results obtained from this study are expected to use for set up the emergency planning to prevent the damage of flash flood.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.88-107
• /
• 2024

The aim of this systematic review was to collect evidence on the following 10 technical aspects of glenoid baseplate fixation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA): screw insertion angles; screw orientation; screw quantity; screw length; screw type; baseplate tilt; baseplate position; baseplate version and rotation; baseplate design; and anatomical safe zones. Five literature libraries were searched for eligible clinical, cadaver, biomechanical, virtual planning, and finite element analysis studies. Studies including patients >16 years old in which at least one of the ten abovementioned technical aspects was assessed were suitable for analysis. We excluded studies of patients with: glenoid bone loss; bony increased offset-reversed shoulder arthroplasty; rTSA with bone grafts; and augmented baseplates. Quality assessment was performed for each included study. Sixty-two studies were included, of which 41 were experimental studies (13 cadaver, 10 virtual planning, 11 biomechanical, and 7 finite element studies) and 21 were clinical studies (12 retrospective cohorts and 9 case-control studies). Overall, the quality of included studies was moderate or high. The majority of studies agreed upon the use of a divergent screw fixation pattern, fixation with four screws (to reduce micromotions), and inferior positioning in neutral or anteversion. A general consensus was not reached on the other technical aspects. Most surgical aspects of baseplate fixation can be decided without affecting fixation strength. There is not a single strategy that provides the best outcome. Therefore, guidelines should cover multiple surgical options that can achieve adequate baseplate fixation.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.279-291
• /
• 2015

Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate appropriate weight for aged farmers in manually handling livestock feed in bags using ergonomic methods. Background: In the livestock industry in South Korea, despite the trend of aging of labor manpower, heavy items are still manually handled in many farms. In particular, among stockbreeding works, the handling of feed in bags weighing 25~30kg is reported as a cause of frequent injuries and musculoskeletal system diseases. However, studies on the standard for recommended weight allowed considering the physical characteristics of aged farmers older than 60 years with greatly decreased physical strength and muscle strength are insufficient. Method: To evaluate appropriate weight for handling of heavy livestock feed in bags, physical techniques for measuring recognized levels of physical work loads, the NLE (NIOSH lifting equation) a method that is an observation type technique, and an ergonomic modeling technique to predict compressive force imposed on L5/S1 were used. Subjects who participated in the experiment were organized into two groups of males/females with mean age exceeding 60 years, and lifting tasks were evaluated for nine weight levels. Results: Based on the results of psychophysical measurement, females showed a tendency of more drastic increases compared to males when weight was over 19kg. The results of estimation of regression models for the weight, 18.0 kg ($r^2=0.97$) and 15.3kg ($r^2=0.97$) were evaluated as stable load for males and females, respectively. In addition, both the observation type evaluation and ergonomic model evaluation showed stable loads in a range of 15~18kg. Conclusion: Given the results of the study, the weight of the feed in bags currently distributed to farms can become a cause of not only overexertion but also farm work related disasters such as musculoskeletal disorders and safety accidents. Providing livestock feed in bags weighing not more than 19kg for aged farmers is judged desirable, and managerial improvement for this matter is considered necessary. Application: The results of the present study can be utilized as useful data for institutional improvement of the weight of livestock feed in bags.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 숙지황과 가시오가피 복합추출물 (OPB)이 난소절제 흰쥐의 골밀도 및 골대사 변화에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 수행하였다. 13주된 20마리의 Sprague-Dawley 암컷 흰쥐를 대조군과 실험군으로 나누었고, OPB의 골밀도 및 골대사 변화에 대한 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 난소절제 후 3일 후부터 OPB를 100 mg/kg씩 8주 동안 경구투여 하였다. pQCT 방식으로 골밀도, 골함유량, 골강도를 측정하였고, 혈청 중 CTx (C-telopeptide of type I collagen)의 변화를 관찰하였다. 난소절제 후 대조군의 골밀도는 $-29.8{\pm}3.0%$로 현저히 감소하였으며, 이러한 감소는 OPB의 투여에 의해 $-21.4{\pm}2.3%$로 억제되었다. 골강도의 변화에서는 anti-fracture 값과 anti-twisting 값이 대조군에 비해 OPB 처리군에서 유의성 있는 차이를 나타냈다. 또한 혈청 중 골흡수 지표인 CTx 농도는 대조군에 비해 OPB 처리군에서 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 숙지황과 가시오가피의 복합 추출물인 OPB가 난소를 절제한 흰쥐에서 골 소실을 억제하므로 임상에서 난소절제 후 또는 폐경 후 골다공증의 개선제로 이용될 수 있으리라 여겨진다.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.171-183
• /
• 2020

The main objective of this study is the assessment of the ability of limestone mortars to resist to different chemical attacks. The ability of polypropylene (PP) fibres waste used as reinforcement of these concrete materials to enhance their durability is also studied. Crushed sand 0/2 mm which is a fine limestone residue obtained by the crushing of natural rocks in aggregates industry is used for the fabrication of the mortar. The fibres used, which are obtained from the waste of domestic plastic sweeps' fabrication, have a length of 20 mm and a diameter ranging between 0.38 and 0.51 mm. Two weight fibres contents are used, 0.5 and 1%. The durability tests carried out in this investigation included the water absorption by capillarity, the mass variation, the flexural and the compressive strengths of the mortar specimens immersed for 366 days in 5% sodium chloride, 5% magnesium sulphate and 5% sulphuric acid solutions. A mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a visual inspection are used for a better examination of the quality of tested mortars and for better interpretation of their behaviour in different solutions. The results indicate that the reinforcement of limestone mortar by PP fibres waste is an excellent solution to improve its chemical resistance and durability. Moreover, the presence of PP fibres waste does not affect significantly the water absorption by capillarity of mortar nether its mass variation, when exposed to chloride and sulphate solutions. While in sulphuric acid, the mass loss is higher with the presence of PP fibres waste, especially after an exposure of 180 days. The results reveal that these fibres have a considerable effect of the flexural and the compressive behaviour of mortar especially in acid solution, where a reduction of strength loss is observed. The mineralogical analysis confirms the good behaviour of mortar immersed in sulphate and chloride solutions; and shows that more gypsum is formed in mortar exposed to acid environment causing its rapid degradation. The visual observation reveals that only samples exposed to acid attack during 366 days have showed a surface damage extending over a depth of approximately 300 ㎛.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.142-162
• /
• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the critical environmental factors on healthy-aging of Korean people, we investigated the significant factors influencing health status of septuagenarians living in rural area of Jeonla province, known to be one of the representative longevity regions in Korea. Methods: We divided subjects into healthy group (36M/25F) or poor-health group (26M/73F) based on self-reported health status, body mass index, a number of prescription, and blood test data. General characteristics, physical measurements, lifestyle, dietary behavior and nutrient intake, physical health and mental health data were statistically compared between the two groups. Results: Average age was not different between healthy group and poor-health group in men and women, respectively. In men, significantly favorable factors to health were observed to be higher education, regular exercise, higher grip strength and walking function, body mass index (${\geq}18.5kg/m^2$), moderate frequency of drinking and eating-out, non-smoking, normal red blood cell (RBC) count, higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) level, good digestive function and appetite, normal hearing function, regular meals, adequate vegetable and fruit intake, diverse food intake, adequate energy and nutrients (protein, vitamin $B_1$, $B_6$, C and E, folate, niacin, P, Zn and K) intake, higher mini-nutrient status assessment (MNA) score and low level of depression. On the other hand, in women, those were literacy, living arrangement, moderate frequency of drinking, healthy teeth, higher grip strength and walking function, bone mineral density, normal RBC and white blood cell (WBC) count, higher DHEAS concentration, higher MNA score, normal cognition and memory function, having snack and adequate fruit intake. Conclusions: These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase health-life expectancy of Korean old people living in rural areas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.901-907
• /
• 2012

Objective: Cumulative evidence suggests that MLH1, the key component in the mismatch pathway, plays an important role in human cancers. Two potential functional polymorphisms (-93G>A and I219V) of MLH1 have been implicated in cancer risk. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence for associations. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching the electronic literature PubMed, ScienceDirect and Embase databases for relevant reports and bibliographies. Studies were included if of case-control design investigating MLH1 polymorphisms (-93G>A and I219V) and cancer risk with sufficient raw data for analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to evaluate the strength of associations. Results: Our meta-analysis from 33 published case-control studies showed the variant A allele of -93G>A polymorphism to be associated with increased risk in all genetic models (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.44), especially among non-Asians (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.58). For the I219V polymorphism, however, there was no main effect associated with overall cancer risk in any genetic model. Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggested that the MLH1 -93G>A polymorphism may be a biomarker of cancer susceptibility. Large sample association studies and assessment of gene-to-gene as well as gene-to-environment interactions are required to confirm these findings.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.190-203
• /
• 2002

이 연구의 목적은 포트폴리오 평가의 내용 타당도를 검증하고 학생 포트폴리오에서 파악할 수 있는 정보의 유형을 조사하는 것이다. 내용 타당도를 각 차시의 목적과 교육과정의 중점에 비추어 검증하였으며, 학생 포트폴리오를 분석하여 어떤 정보를 파악할 수 있는지 분석하였다. 분석에 사용한 학생 포트폴리오는 경기도 평택시 A 초등학교 4학년 한 학급에서 실시한 것이다. 포트폴리오에는 4학년 2학기 지층과 화석, 열과 물체의 변화단원 내용이 포함되어 있다. 4학년 교과서, 실험관찰, 교사용 지도서 역시 분석되었으며, 그 결과는 학생 포트폴리오에서 파악한 정보와 비교하였다. 과학교육전문가 2인과 10명의 현직 초등 교사가 분석에 참여하였다. 연구 결과 포트폴리오 평가 양식과 교육과정 및 교과서 내용은 $70\sim100%$ 범위의 일치도를 보였다 교육과정 중점과 비교할 때는 90% 이상의 일치도를 나타냈다. 학생 포트폴리오는 이해, 관찰, 의욕, 학습의 과정에 대한 정보를 많이 포함하고 있었으며, 결론도출, 의사소통, 자기 주도, 학습의 진전, 자기 개념, 상호작용, 학습의 과정에 대한 정보도 상당히 포함하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 볼 때 학생 포트폴리오와 교과서의 정보는 거의 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 다만 예상, 의욕, 자기 주도, 상호 작용과 같은 정보는 학생 포트폴리오에 더 많이 포함되어 있었으며, 관찰이나 실험 계획에 대한 정보는 과학교과서에서 상대적으로 더 많이 포함하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 대상 포트폴리오 평가 양식은 타당도가 높으며, 지필 검사로는 얻을 수 없는 다양하고 풍부한 정보를 포함하고 있었다. 학생 포트폴리오에서 얻은 정보를 잘 활용하면 학생들의 학습과 장점에 대한 깊은 이해를 할 수 있고, 이를 바탕으로 학생들의 과학 학습을 크게 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2021

증가하는 1인가구에 주목하여 이 연구는 1인가구의 건강성을 측정하기 위한 척도 개발을 목표로 수행되었다. 선행연구를 통해 가족생태학적 관점과 건강가족적 관점을 적용하여 1인가구의 건강성 개념을 규정하였다. 건강성 척도 구성을 위해 1인가구의 기초적인 요구, 개인 영역, 가족 영역, 사회 영역 등을 포함하는 50 항목을 검토하였다. 지역, 연령, 성별 등을 고려하여 317명의 1인가구를 선정, 건강성 척도 항목을 검증하였고 요인분석을 통해 최종적으로 44항목을 추출하였다. 이러한 절차를 통해 선정된 건강성 척도는 기본적인 요구(가계경제, 주거, 소비, 미래설계), 일생활 균형(시간사용, 건강, 스트레스), 가족관계, 사회참여(네트웤, 사회적 관심, 지역사회참여) 등 4영역으로 구성된다. 본 연구에서 개발한 척도는 건강가정·다문화가족지원센터 프로그램을 이용하는 1인가구의 건강성을 측정하는 데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Methods to evaluate obesity are growing to be important in studying links between health and disease. Physicians are using BMI (body mass index) to evaluate obesity, but they can't know how much fat the body has by using that method. Even though there are several assessments, there are different scales, so patients are diagnosed as obese, by some but not by others. These studies are limited in evaluating obesity; it is necessary to study based on new knowledge. According to Oriental Medical Theory, obese people are categorized into 3 types, Fei, Kao and Liu Ren. They have different pathology and body shapes than non-obese people. The relationship between Oriental Medical Theory and BMI and assessment of body fat is a fundamental need to easily approach and treat obesity. Methods : At 00 Oriental Medical Center, 145 female subjects who intended to lose weight were given physical tests and grouped into 5 types of obesity. The physical tests were height measurement, BMI, body composition (body fat mass and lean body mass), skin elasticity and physical strength tests. One-way analysis of variance was done to compare the means of physical tests between the five types of obese women. There was some relationship between characteristics of the five types based on physical tests and Fei, Kao and Liu Ren based on Oriental Medical Theory. Least significant difference (LSD) was used in multiple comparisons. Results : 1. According to the skin elasticity test, obesity type 5 placed between obesity types 3 and 4 and obesity types 1 and 2. Obesity types 3 and 4 were in the low skin elasticity result group; obesity types 1 and 2 were in the high ones (p<0.1).Based on Oriental Medical Theory, Fei Ren and Kao Ren can be distinguished by skin elasticity degree. This result should form the basis of obesity diagnosis. 2. According to Oriental Medical Theory, Fei Ren is smaller than others. Based on height measurement, obesity types 3 and 4 were significantly lower than other obesity types (p<0.1), so there is a relationship between Fei Ren and obesity types 3 & 4. 3. There were significant differences between obesity type 2 and obesity type 4 in the body fat mass result (p<0.1). This study did not have large enough a sample size to distinguish Liu Ren. Conclusions : Further clinical research is necessary to study measurement methods of body shape type and skin elasticity for distinguishing Fei Ren from Kao Ren. The diagnosis and treatment based on the relationship of these types should be studied further.