• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.319-323
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• 1991

This is a case report and review of literature that deal with a surgical correction of mandibular deficiency. Patient, 38 years old male, had visited to treat mandibular deficiency. On the basis of clinical and radiographic examination, he was diagnosed as a micrognathia. Surgical method. 1. Intraoral Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy 2. Augmentation of genioplasty - double step. Patient was satisfied with final esthetics by gnathosurgery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.93-94
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• 2005

Cu metallization using electrochemical plating(ECP) has played an important role in back end of line(BEOL) interconnect formation. In this work, we studied the optimized copper thickness using Bottom-up Gap-fill in Cu ECP, which is closely related with the pattern dependencies in Cu ECP and Cu dual damascene process at 0.13 ${\mu}m$ technology node. In order to select an optimized Cu ECP thickness, we examined Cu ECP bulge, Cu CMP dishing and electrical properties of via hole and line trench over dual damascene patterned wafers split into different ECP Cu thickness.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.461-465
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• 2020

A dual-mode laser terahertz source consisting of two in-line distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser diodes (LD) is proposed. It is less susceptible to residual reflections from facets than an in-line dual-mode distributed feedback (DFB) LD. The characteristics of the proposed terahertz source are theoretically investigated using a split-step time-domain simulation. It is shown that terahertz waves of frequencies from 385 GHz to 1725 GHz can be generated by appropriate thermal tuning of two DBR LDs. The dual-mode DBR LD terahertz source exhibits good spectral quality for residual facet reflectivity below 0.02, but facet reflectivity of the in-line dual-mode DFB LD terahertz source should be below 0.002 to provide similar spectral quality.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 1997

A numerical model for solving advection-diffusion equation is presented by splitoperator method combining the Holly-Preissmann scheme with a fifth-degree interpolating polynomial for advection operator and the explicit scheme porposed by Hobson et al. for diffusion operator. To examine the developed model, the obtained numerical solutions are compared with both the analytic solution and those from the existing models for the instantaneous source (Gaussian hill) and the continuous source (advanced front) at upstream boundary with constant velocity and diffusivity condition. For the various cases having different Courant and Peclet numbers, it is shown that the present study provides stable solutions even for Courant numbers exceeding one. The result obtained by the present study also agree well with existing analytical solutions for both cases. The proposed explicit scheme somewhat releases the conventional restriction of explicit schemes for determining the time step size and provides satisfactory results for relatively large time step size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.88-90
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• 2012

This paper describes a 10-bit 10-MS/s asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a rail-to-rail input range. The proposed SAR ADC consists of a capacitor digital-analog converter (DAC), a SAR logic and a comparator. To reduce the frequency of an external clock, the internal clock which is asynchronously generated by the SAR logic and the comparator is used. The time-domain comparator with a offset calibration technique is used to achieve a high resolution. To reduce the power consumption and area, a split capacitor-based differential DAC is used. The designed asynchronous SAR ADC is fabricated by using a 0.18 um CMOS process, and the active area is $420{\times}140{\mu}m^2$. It consumes the power of 0.818 mW with a 1.8 V supply and the FoM is 91.8 fJ/conversion-step.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.19B no.4
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• pp.209-220
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an adaptive pavement region detection method that is robust to changes of structural patterns in a natural scene. In order to segment out a pavement reliably, we propose two step approaches. We first detect the borderline of a pavement and separate out the candidate region of a pavement using VRays. The VRays are straight lines starting from a vanishing point. They split out the candidate region that includes the pavement in a radial shape. Once the candidate region is found, we next employ the adaptive multi-seed region growing(A-MSRG) method within the candidate region. The A-MSRG method segments out the pavement region very accurately by growing seed regions. The number of seed regions are to be determined adaptively depending on the encountered situation. We prove the effectiveness of our approach by comparing its performance against the performances of seed region growing(SRG) approach and multi-seed region growing(MSRG) approach in terms of the false detection rate.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.110-114
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• 2007

Dependence of the thermal stability of nickel silicide on the film stress of inter layer dielectric (ILD) layer has been investigated in this study and silicon nitride $(Si_3N_4)$ layer is used as an ILD layer. Nickel silicide was formed with a one-step rapid thermal process at $500^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec. $2000{\AA}$ thick $Si_3N_4$ layer was deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition after the formation of Ni silicide and its stress was split from compressive stress to tensile stress by controlling the power of power sources. Stress level of each stress type was also split for thorough analysis. It is found that the thermal stability of nickel silicide strongly depends on the stress type as well as the stress level induced by the $Si_3N_4$ layer. In the case of high compressive stress, silicide agglomeration and its phase transformation from the low-resistivity nickel mono-silicide to the high-resistivity nickel di-silicide are retarded, and hence the thermal stability is obviously improved a lot. However, in the case of high tensile stress, the thermal stability shows the worst case among the stressed cases.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3B
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• pp.279-289
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• 2006

The reconstruction of low dimension nonlinear behavior from the hydrologic time series has been an active area of research in the last decade. In this study, we present the applications of a powerful state space reconstruction methodology using the method of Support Vector Machines (SVM) to the Great Salt Lake (GSL) volume. SVMs are machine learning systems that use a hypothesis space of linear functions in a Kernel induced higher dimensional feature space. SVMs are optimized by minimizing a bound on a generalized error (risk) measure, rather than just the mean square error over a training set. The utility of this SVM regression approach is demonstrated through applications to the short term forecasts of the biweekly GSL volume. The SVM based reconstruction is used to develop time series forecasts for multiple lead times ranging from the period of two weeks to several months. The reliability of the algorithm in learning and forecasting the dynamics is tested using split sample sensitivity analyses, with a particular interest in forecasting extreme states. Unlike previously reported methodologies, SVMs are able to extract the dynamics using only a few past observed data points (Support Vectors, SV) out of the training examples. Considering statistical measures, the prediction model based on SVM demonstrated encouraging and promising results in a short-term prediction. Thus, the SVM method presented in this study suggests a competitive methodology for the forecast of hydrologic time series.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.410-418
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• 2007

For the purpose of fault detection of the primary control surface, real-time estimation of the longitudinal stability and control derivatives of the DURUMI-II using the flight data is considered in this paper. The DURUM-II, a research UAV developed by KARI, is designed to have split control surfaces for the redundancy and to guarantee safety during the fault mode flight test. For fault mode analysis, the right elevator was deliberately fixed to the specified deflection condition. This study also mentions how to implement the multi-step control input efficiently, and how to switch between the normal mode and the fault mode during the flight test. As a realtime parameter estimation technique, Fourier transform regression method was used and the estimated data was compared with the results of the analytical method and the other available method. The aerodynamic derivatives estimated from the normal mode flight data and the fault mode data are compared and the possibility to detect the elevator fault by monitoring the control derivative estimated in real time by the computer onboard was discussed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2017

The ideal scalp reconstruction involves closure of the defect with similar hair-bearing local tissue in a single step. Various reconstructions can be used including primary closure, secondary healing, skin grafts, local flaps, and microvascular tissue transfer. A 53-year-old female patient suffered glioblastoma, which had recurred for the second time. The neuro-surgeons performed radial debridement and an additional resection of the tumor, followed by reconstruction using a serratus anterior muscle flap with a split-thickness skin graft. Unfortunately, the flap became completely useless and a bilateral rotation flap was used to cover the defect. Two month later, seroma with infection was found due to recurrence of the tumor. Additional surgery was performed using multiple perforator based island flap. The patient was discharged two weeks after surgery without any complications, but two months later, the patient died. Radical surgical resection of tumor is the most important curative option, followed by functional and aesthetic reconstruction. We describe a patient with a highly malignant tumor that required multiple resections and subsequent reconstruction. Repeated recurrences of the tumor led to the failure of reconstruction and our strategy inevitably changed, from reconstruction to palliative treatment involving fast and stable wound closure for the patient's comfort.