• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2010

Although many studies have been carried out on the pattern of behavior of drivers which result from the provision of traffic information, there have been few detailed studies on the composition of message, method for message expression, timing of provision, point of provision, media for provision, changes by traffic condition, etc. This study was intended to provide an insight into the changes in the characteristics related to the provision of information by analyzing how the patterns of information utilization change depending on the traffic condition and reclassifying such patterns according to the characteristics of media. Unlike the existing studies, this study adopted the traffic condition, using rate of information media, and the correlation coefficient label as the basis for information media classification, and categorized them into passive utilization media, active utilization media, and past experience in order to ensure the statistical reasonability. The categorized using rate of information media and traffic condition was found to have a positive(+) correlation with the travel speed in the case of passive utilization media during both consecutive holidays(Korea's traditional Thanksgiving day) and weekends, but had a negative(-) correlation with the positive utilization media and past experience. The rate of decision to take a detour based on the past experience was high at the condition of congestion or slow during both consecutive holidays and weekends, but the rate of decision to take a detour through passive utilization media was high in a smooth traffic. In other words, if the traffic condition worsens, using rate of passive utilization media would be low while the diversion rate would be high which uses the active utilization media and past experience. Therefore, it should be established to suit the traffic condition and media characteristics for strategies of traffic distribution through drivers' diversion behavior on weekends and consecutive holidays.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1968

Epidemiological and statistical observations were made of fire hazards that occurred during the past 18 years, 1948 to 1965. Injury and mortality rates for all ages were computed chronologically. For the years of 1955, 1961 and 1965, all fire accidents were epidemiologically analysed to draw characteristic patterns in relation to the seasonal and 24 hour distribution, causes and sites of accidents etc.. Fire hazards observed herein are the categorys E 916 of the International Classification of Causes of Death, 1955, and includes all accidents caused by fire and explosion of combustible materials. The following conclusion was made: 1. The average number of annual deaths due to fire was 183 and the number of the in jured due to the same cause was 335. The mortality rate per 100,000 population was 0.8 and the ratio of injuries per death was 1.83. 2. The casually rate including both the dead and injured was 5.0 per 100,000 in Seoul, the highest among the provinces and followed by 3.4 in Cheju -Do, 2.1 in Kangwon-Do, 1.7 in Kyunggi-Do accordingly. The other provinces had a range of 0.6 to 1.2. 3. The monthly distribution of fro accidents showed that the winter months, December through February, had more frequent accidents, while the summer season, June through August had less. The 24 hour distribution of accidents showed more cases from 12:00 to 18:00 and less from 4:00 to 10:00 hours. 4. The per cent distribution of causes of accidents showed; 90.0% for careless, 10.0% for arson. The cause of carelessness was further breakdown into; 15.0% for kitchen fire places, 13.8% for fire playing, 9,4% for electrical heating and wires, 8.3% for fuels, 6.3% for matches, 5.2% for ash dumps and the remaining for others. 5. The accidents as classified by place revealed that 56.8% of the total occurred at the common dwelling houses, 11.3 at various industrial workshops, 9.3% at the street shops and the remaining at the miscellaneous places.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the expression rate of p53 and p21 proteins by immunohistochemical staining and tumor prognostic factors including the tumor size, histological differentiation and Dukes' stage of tumor prognostic factors in colon cancer, and to acquire necessary data for the presumption of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer patients. From January 2000 to January 2003 at Hanyang University Guri Hospital, the paraffin blocks of 35 patients diagnosed with colon cancer whose pathologic reports were possible to review were selected. Harris hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical staining by ABC (Avidin Biotin Conjugate) method were performed. The histological differentiation grade and stage were classified according to the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) and modified Dukes's stage from H&E staining. The expression rate of p53 and p21 proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The results was analyzed statistically by SPSS (Windows version 8.0). As a result, the expression rate of p53 protein was 11.4% (4 cases) in clear differentiation, 48.6% (17 cases) in moderate differentiation, and 17.1% (6 cases) in poor differentiation. In other words, the poorer the differentiation, the higher the expression rate of p53 protein (p<0.05). The expression rate of p21 was 17.1% (6 cases) in clear differentiation, 40.0%(14 cases) in moderate differentiation, and 8.6% (3 cases) in poor differentiation, According to the progression of histological malignant degeneration, the expression rate of p21 protein decreased distinctively (p<0.05). However, the correlation between the two above mentioned proteins and the tumor-size and Dukes' stage was not of statistical significance. In the comparison of the expression rate of p53 protein with that of p21 protein, in 10 cases, p53 protein expression was positive while p21 protein expression was negative, and in 6 cases, p53 protein expression was negative whereas p21 protein expression was positive. Consequently a statistically significant inverse correlation between the expression rate of p53 protein and that of p21 protein was observed (p<0.05). In conclusion, we found a significant correlation between histological differentiation and the expression rate of p53 and p21 proteins (p<0.05), and a significant inverse correlation between the expression rate of p53 protein and that of p21 protein (p<0.05). Also, it could be confirmed that the over expression of p53 and p21 proteins is closely associated with the occurrence of colon cancer and its progress. Therefore, it is thought that this study may be greatly beneficial to the presumption of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.3 s.81
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• pp.7-19
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• 2005

Mode choice Analysis is essential analysis stage in transportation demand forecasting process. Therefore, methods for calibration and forecasting of mode choice model in aspect of practical view need to be discussed in depth. Since 1980s, choice models, especially Logit model, are spread widely and rapidly over academic area, research institutes and consulting firms in Korea like other developed countries in the world. However, the process of calibration and parameter estimation for practical application was not clearly explained in previous papers and reports. This study tried to explain clearly the calibration process of mode choice step by step and suggested a forecasting mode choice model that can be applicable in real policy analysis by using household survey data of Pusan metropolitan are. The study also suggested a way of estimating attributes which was not observed during the household survey commonly such as travel time and cost of unchosen alternative modes. The study summarized the statistical results of model specification for four different Logit models as a process to upgrade model capability of explanation for real traveler's choice behaviors. By using the analysis results, it also calculated the value of travel time and compared them with the values of other previous studies to test reliability of the estimated model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.619-628
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• 2009

LiDAR has capability of rapid data acquisition and provides useful information for reconstructing surface of the Earth. However, Extracting information from LiDAR data is not easy task because LiDAR data consist of irregularly distributed point clouds of 3D coordinates and lack of semantic and visual information. This thesis proposed methods for automatic extraction of buildings and 3D detail modeling using airborne LiDAR data. As for preprocessing, noise and unnecessary data were removed by iterative surface fitting and then classification of ground and non-ground data was performed by analyzing histogram. Footprints of the buildings were extracted by tracing points on the building boundaries. The refined footprints were obtained by regularization based on the building hypothesis. The accuracy of building footprints were evaluated by comparing with 1:1,000 digital vector maps. The horizontal RMSE was 0.56m for test areas. Finally, a method of 3D modeling of roof superstructure was developed. Statistical and geometric information of the LiDAR data on building roof were analyzed to segment data and to determine roof shape. The superstructures on the roof were modeled by 3D analytical functions that were derived by least square method. The accuracy of the 3D modeling was estimated using simulation data. The RMSEs were 0.91m, 1.43m, 1.85m and 1.97m for flat, sloped, arch and dome shapes, respectively. The methods developed in study show that the automation of 3D building modeling process was effectively performed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.241-241
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• 2012

Semiconductor industry has been taking the advantage of improvements in process technology in order to maintain reduced device geometries and stringent performance specifications. This results in semiconductor manufacturing processes became hundreds in sequence, it is continuously expected to be increased. This may in turn reduce the yield. With a large amount of investment at stake, this motivates tighter process control and fault diagnosis. The continuous improvement in semiconductor industry demands advancements in process control and monitoring to the same degree. Any fault in the process must be detected and classified with a high degree of precision, and it is desired to be diagnosed if possible. The detected abnormality in the system is then classified to locate the source of the variation. The performance of a fault detection system is directly reflected in the yield. Therefore a highly capable fault detection system is always desirable. In this research, time series modeling of the data from an etch equipment has been investigated for the ultimate purpose of fault diagnosis. The tool data consisted of number of different parameters each being recorded at fixed time points. As the data had been collected for a number of runs, it was not synchronized due to variable delays and offsets in data acquisition system and networks. The data was then synchronized using a variant of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. The AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was then applied on the synchronized data. The ARIMA model combines both the Autoregressive model and the Moving Average model to relate the present value of the time series to its past values. As the new values of parameters are received from the equipment, the model uses them and the previous ones to provide predictions of one step ahead for each parameter. The statistical comparison of these predictions with the actual values, gives us the each parameter's probability of fault, at each time point and (once a run gets finished) for each run. This work will be extended by applying a suitable probability generating function and combining the probabilities of different parameters using Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST). DST provides a way to combine evidence that is available from different sources and gives a joint degree of belief in a hypothesis. This will give us a combined belief of fault in the process with a high precision.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Recently, life-logging service which has expanded to measure and record the daily life of the users and to share with others are increasing. In particular, as life-logging services based on the application has become popular with the development of wearable-devices and smart-phones, the contents of this service are produced by user behavior and are provided in infographic menu form. The purpose of this paper is to extract user behavior and classify for making contents items of life-logging service. For this paper, the first of all, we discuss the definition and characteristics of life-logging and research the contents based on user behavior related to life-logging by the publications including thesis, articles, and books. Secondly, we extract and classify the user behavior to build the contents for life-logging service. We gather users' action words from publication materials, researches, and contents of existing life-logging service. And then collected words are analyzed by FGI (Focus Group Interview) and survey. As the result, 39 words which suit for contents of life-logging service are extracted by verify suitability. Finally, the extracted 39 words are classified for 19 categories -'Eat', 'Keep house', 'Diet', 'Travel', 'Work out', 'Transit', 'Shoot', 'Meet', 'Feel', 'Talk', 'Care for', 'Drive', 'Listen', 'Go online', 'Sleep', 'Go', 'Work', 'Learn', 'Watch' - which are suggested by the surveys, statistical analysis, and FGI. We will discuss the role and limitations of this results to build contents configuration based on life-logging application in this study.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.415-429
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• 2003

This study was objected to identify the difference of water quality and the characteristics of water contamination in adjacent bed-rock areas of Upper Hwajeonni and Guryongsan Formations in Miwon, Choongchungbuk-do, Korea. Water samples showed mainly (Ca, Mg)-$HCO_3$ type in Upper Hawjeonni Formation and (Ca, Mg)-$SO_4$ and (Ca, Mg)-$HCO_3$ types in Guryongsan Formation indicating the enrichment of $SO_4$ in major compositions. Groundwater quality could be divided into two groups based on the major weathering processes, implied by the ratio of bicarbonate to silica. Carbonate-silicate weathering predominates in Upper Hwajeonni Formation, and silicate weathering in Guryongsan Formation. Stream-water quality also appeared to be controlled by water-rock interaction. Cluster analysis identified three groups of groundwater and four groups of stream-water with distinctive geochemical characteristics. The results of factor analysis indicated that the levels of each chemical constituent in water samples derived from both natural weathering reactions and anthropogenic contamination sources. To delineate the pollution potential of water resources, Modified Pollution Index(M.P.I.) was developed. M.P.I. scores of water samples ranged from -0.08 to 0.18, with mostly positive along the rock quarry in Guryongsan Formation areas. M.P.I. scores appeared to be a useful predictor of metal contamination of water resources.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.411-418
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• 2007

It is a very difficult thing to estimate an occurrence possibility location and hazard expectation area by landslide. The prediction difficulty of landslide occurrence has relativity in factor of various geological physical factors and contributions. However, estimation of landslide occurrence possibility and classification of hazard area became available correlation mechanism through analysis of landslide occurrence through landslide data analysis and statistical analysis. This study analyzed a damage possibility of a cultual heritage area due to landslide occurrence by a heavy rainfall. We make a landslide prediction map and tried to analysis of landslide occurrence possibility for the cultural heritage site. The study area chooses a temple of Silsang-Sa Baekjang-Am site and made a landslide prediction map. In landslide prediction map, landslide hazard possibility area expressed by occurrence probability and divided by each of probability degrees. This degree used to evaluate occurrence possibility for existence and nonexistence of landslide in the study site. For the prediction and evaluation of landslide hazard for the cultural heritage site, investigation and analysis technique which is introduced in this study may contribute an efficient management and investigation in the cultural heritage site, Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.211-222
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to classify the expenditure behaviors of housewives into some types and to identify the characteristics of the types focucing on diverse expenditure behaviors of urban households. In this study it is assumed that the expenditure behaviors are classified by there factors-(1)the orientation of money saving (2)the orientation of time saving and (3)the orientation of others. The present study suggests following three questions. (1). Can the expenditure behaviors of urban housewives be classified according to the orientation of money saving the orientation of others? (2) What distictions exist among the types? (3) Which variables are useful in classifying the expenditure behaviors? For empirical analysis the data of the study was collected from 650 housewives living in Seoul. The statistical methods adopted for data analysis are frequency percentage mean Pearson's correlation coefficient factor analysis cluster analysis one way ANOVA Duncun's multiple ran e test and discriminant analysis. As the major findings 4 types were extracted, According to the level of each dimensions the names for the each type were given as "the type of attaching importance to money saving" "the type of attaching importance to time and appearance" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" In "the type of attaching importance to money saving" the significant portion of housewives have high school degrees and compared with other types this type includes more husbands having sales and service job 55% of housewives of "The type of attaching importance to time and appearance" have graduate or higher degrees. The significant part of earned incomes range from 3 million won to 5 million won. The rate of housewives employed in the professional job is higher than other types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and time" the rate of the employment of housewives in this type is the highest among the types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" the significant portion of housewives have graduate degrees. In the jobs of he spouses the management job is major. The consciousness of belonging to the middle class is higher than other types. In this type the level of education is high but that of income is not. The result of the discriminant analysis says that the earned income and the consciousness of belonging to a calss are the most critical variables to classify the expenditure behaviors into 4 type The accuray of the classification of the discrimination equation composed of these variables is 47,5% The accuracy is improved by 10%.