• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.33-57
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• 2017

This study examines the effect of working conditions for care workers on the care quality in long-term care facilities, particularly the coexisting perspective on publicness and the marketization of Long-term care services in South Korea brings about. Prior studies have not identified a causal relationship between working conditions and the care quality, only explained cause of a low-wage labor market and low productivity of social services. Theoretical relevance of working conditions and service quality on Long-term care in Korea is to view from a integrated care model by Daly and Lewis(2002). A nonproportional stratified sampling procedure was used to consider Long-term care facility's ownership. A merged dataset combining surveys from 248 Long-Term Care facilities and online resources from NHIC administrative was used and analyzed by multiple regression. The analysis results is showed as follows. Overall, organizations with better working conditions, having higher wage, having greater a fringe benefit, being skills development and training are likely to have good care quality in each area. This research shows that the working conditions, rewards and support to care workers of organizational culture in the normative dimension beyond the minimum standard on labor market policy and evaluation system by government regulations have a positive impact on Long-term care quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2018

This study was carried out to establish the standard of sub-base facility which can strengthen road surface bearing capacity for smooth passage of logging trucks in forest road as the size of the logging truck has been increased in order to improve the efficiency of timber transportation. The results of reinforcement effect analysis of the surface bearing capacity by the thickness of sub-base prepared with the optimum aggregate mix ratio using geosynthetics for forest road on the soft ground in the Forest Technology and Management Research Center are as follows. The surface bearing capacity of CBR exceeding 15% was found to be sufficient when the sub-base was constructed over 0.2 m depth of laying gravels with installation of geosynthetics after digging out subsoil. However, there is no significant difference in reinforcement effect of surface bearing capacity by types of geosynthetics. And, it was found that the surface bearing capacity was insufficient in the installation of sub-base. Therefore, in the case of soft ground, It is possible to secure the reinforcement of the surface bearing capacity for the smooth passage of heavy logging trucks by sub-base, that was constructed over 0.2 m depth of laying gravels with installation of geosynthetics after digging out subsoil.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.7
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• pp.271-303
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• 2009

"Ubiquitous sensor network" definition is this-Someone attaches electro-magnetic tag everything which needs communication between man to man, man to material and material to material(Ubiquitous). By using attached every electro-magnetic tag, someone detects it's native information as well as environmental information such as temperature, humidity, pollution and infiltration information(Sensor). someone connects it realtime network and manage generated information(Network). 21st century's war is joint combined operation connecting with ground, sea and air smoothly in digitalized war field, and is systematic war provided realtime information from sensor to shooter. So, it needs dramatic development on watch reconnaissance, command and control, pinpoint strike etc. Ubiquitous computing and network technologies are essential in national defense to operate 21st century style war. It is possible to use many parts such as USN combined smart dust and sensor network to protect friend unit as well as to watch enemy's deep area by unmanned reconnaissance, wearable computer upgrading soldier's operational ability and combat power dramatically, RFID which can be used material management as well as on time support. Especially, unmanned watch system using USN is core part to transit network centric military service and to get national defense efficiency which overcome the dilemma of national defense person resource reducing, and upgrade guard quality level, and improve combat power by normalizing guardian's bio rhythm. According to the test result of sensor network unmanned watch system, it needs more effort and time to stabilize because of low USN technology maturity and using maturity. In the future, USN unmanned watch system project must be decided the application scope such as application area and starting point by evaluating technology maturity and using maturity. And when you decide application scope, you must consider not only short period goal as cost reduction, soldier decrease and guard power upgrade but also long period goal as advanced defense ability strength. You must build basic infra in advance such as light cable network, frequency allocation and power facility etc. First of all, it must get budget guarantee and driving force for USN unmanned watch system project related to defense policy. You must forwarded the USN project assuming posses of operation skill as procedure, system, standard, training in advance. Operational skill posses is come from step by step application strategy such as test phase, introduction phase, spread phase, stabilization phase and also repeated test application taking example project.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.5 s.174
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• pp.599-606
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• 2005

Arsenic is a significantly toxic contaminant in groundwater in many countries. Numerous treatment technologies have been developed to remove arsenic from groundwater. The USEPA recommends several technologies as the best available technology (BAT) candidates for the removal of arsenic. Based on the USEPA classification, arsenic treatment technologies can be divided into four technologies such as precipitation, membrane, ion exchange, and adsorption technology. The recent amendment of arsenic drinking water standard from 50 to $10{\mu}g/L$ in the United States have impacted technology selection and application for arsenic removal from arsenic contaminated groundwater. Precipitation technology is most widely used to treat arsenic contaminated groundwater and can be applied to large water treatment facility. In contrast, membrane, ion exchange, and adsorption technologies are used to be applied to small water treatment system. Recently, the arsenic treatment technology in the United States and Europe move towards adsorption technology to be applied to small water treatment system since capital and maintenance costs are relatively low and operation is simple. The principals of treatment technologies, effect factors on arsenic removal, arsenic treatment efficiencies of real treatment systems are reviewed in this paper.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-27
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• 2017

Purpose In the procedure of domestic medical radioactive self-disposal, there are many requests of supplementation and difficulties on the screening process. In this regard, presentation of basic guideline will improve the work processing efficiency of medical institution radioactive waste. From 2015 to 2016, We reviewed and compared a supplementary requests of domestic fifteen medical institution radioactive self-disposal Plan & Procedure manual. In connection with this, we derive the details of the radioactive waste document based on the relative regulation of nuclear safety Act. The representative supplementary requests of Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety are disposal method of non-flammability radioactive waste, storage method of scheduled self-disposal waste, the legitimacy of self-disposal and pre-treatment of self-disposal, reference radioactivity of disused filter and output of storage period, attachment the evidential matter of measurement efficiency when using a gamma counter. Through establishing a medical radioactive waste guideline, we can clearly suggest a classification standard of radioactive nuclide and the type of occurrence. As a result, we can confirm the reduction of examination processing period while preparing a self-disposal document and there is no spending expenses for business agency. Also, the storage efficiency of facility will better and reduce the economic expenses. On the basis of this guideline, we will expect a contribution to the improvement of work efficiency for officials who has a working-level difficulty of radioactive waste self-disposal.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

The types of test items which were recorded in this test report of quality control domestic $^{18}F$-FDG radiopharmaceutical which consisted of 13 different types: appearance, half-life, radioactive heterokaryosis, radiochemical Confirmation (measure of Rf value), radiochemical Purity, Ethanol, Acetonitrile, Kryptofix, Aluminium, pH, Endotoxin, aseptic test, and radioactivity${\cdot}$ml-1. The record was fully recorded in 'appearance', 'radioactive heterokaryosis', 'pH', 'Endotoxin', and 'aseptic test'. In 'half-life', 'radiochemical Confirmation (measure of Rf value), 'radiochemical Purity', 'Ethanol', 'Acetonitrile', 'Kryptofix', 'Aluminium', 'radioactivity${\cdot}$ml-1', there were differences in records of each manufacturing business on radioactive medicine and medical supplies. The result of the test showed all 13 items of quality control test were 100% suitable on the basis of recorded data. There were more radiopharmaceutical made in the laboratory than in hospitals and businesses and in for result of suitability test, the laboratory showed higher suitability than did the hospitals or businesses. Domestically, there are differences of the test report items in the safety of radiopharmaceutical of each facility, and since it is not standardized, supplements are needed. To submit standardized test reports of quality guarantee in radiopharmaceutical, GMP of U.S. and CE Mark of Europe should be referred as well as receiving advice from professionals to standardize as suitable domestic standard.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - Over 90% of Domestic logistics industry is small enterprise and they are experiencing growth stagnation due to price-based competition structure rather than constructing logistics service of high added value. In order to get over this situation and pursue the development of logistics industry, strengthening its competitiveness, through inter-enterprise cooperative network build-up, would be a key alternative. Therefore, in this study, an index for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of Joint logistics business will be developed as a typical collaborative business model in logistics industry. Moreover, a strengthening competitiveness method suggests a developmental step and a key management index to mature in logistics industry. Research Design, Data, Methodology - This study is an index development research for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of logistics industry. Such a level was measured by performing a survey by targeting enterprises that participated in Joint logistics business. The targeting enterprises are typical cooperative models in logistics industry. Measurement items were developed which were based on the presented items in existing research. Question items were composed of selection type questions as answering Yes/No. They measures implementation status of corporate activity and detailed activity items measuring qualitative level. Total samples were based on 116 enterprise samples including 90 logistics enterprises and 26 shippers. In addition, by evaluating the importance for Joint logistics business recognition with personnel working level, the weight of measuring variable was extracted. This study has built an assessment tools (LPCI) on Joint logistics business cooperation level in a situation where there are no previous studies on joint logistics business, this study is meaningful for other studies. Results - As a result of analyzing LPCI presented in this study, the score of logistics enterprise was represented as 59.9 points based on full score of 100 points and that of shippers as 47.2 points and cooperation level among enterprises participated in Joint logistics business was revealed to be very low. In particular, as a result of measuring the importance between logistics enterprise and shippers, the difference by each measurement standard was represented among those enterprises. This difference is considered to be a key factor that cooperative operational conformity between logistics enterprises and shippers is represented to be low. Conclusions - As most joint logistics business, being promoted at present, is sharing facility and information with joint logistics business, it is hard to find such a joint logistics business in reality based on cooperative business model in main cooperation agents. Therefore, competitiveness of logistics industry could be strengthened by promoting joint logistics business based on their mutual cooperation among enterprises. In other words, it is to secure sustainable competitiveness of joint logistics business together with creation of new market by inter-enterprise cooperation based on integration of basic logistics business.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.46-59
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• 2007

Urban infrastructure is a core of urban growth management which concerns with location, time and costs of development. Despite an inevitable link between development density and infrastructure capacity in urban areas, little study have been performed. For this reason, development activities are undergone without any clear evidence or analysis. The main purposes of this paper are to build subject maps of urban infrastructure capacity which illustrate the level of education service and road capacity, and to give reference standard for development decision at given location. For these purposes, the case study of the high-rise multi-purpose buildings in Daegu metropolitan city is performed. The main findings are follows. First, road ratio is high in the CBD and its surrounding areas as well as rural area, and low in areas of manufacturing, parks and military use. Second, educational facility, represented by the number of student per classroom of elementary school, is fairly abundant across the city, especially in the CBD and rural areas. Third, the high-rise multi-purpose buildings have been built in population-losing infrastructure-abundant areas, in general. Based on these results, this study concludes that the high-rise multi-purpose buildings may induce population-inflow and have low possibility to bring about overly dense developments.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The RIMGIS(River Information Management GIS) has been developed since 2000 for public service and practical applications of related works after the standardization of national river data such as the river facility register report, river survey map, attached map, and etc. The RIMGIS has been improved in order to respond proactively to change in the information environment. Recently, Smart River-based river information services and related data have become so large as to be overwhelming, making necessary improvements in managing big data. In this study a plan was suggested both to respond to these changes in the information environment and to provide a future Smart River-based river information service by understanding the current state of RIMGIS, improving RIMGIS itself, redesigning the database, developing distribution, and integrating river information systems. Therefore, primary and foreign key, which can distinguish attribute information and entity linkages, were redefined to increase the usability of RIMGIS. Database construction of attribute information and entity relationship diagram have been newly redefined to redesign linkages among tables from the perspective of a river standard database. In addition, this study was undertaken to expand the current supplier-oriented operating system to a demand-oriented operating system by establishing an efficient management of river-related information and a utilization system capable of adapting to the changes of a river management paradigm.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.19
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop a seedling raising method without nursery soils in automatic raising facility of rice seedlings for machine transplanting. Pre-germinated seeds were sowed on the seed trays with three different seats such as paper seat, corrugated board, and polyethylene film instead of nursery soils. The growth characteristics of the seedlings for 20 days after sowing were compared with that of a conventional standard raising method with nursery soils. There was no difference in plant height of 10-day old seedlings among the different nursery methods, but the plant height of seedlings grown for 15 days after sowing in the trays with fivefold newspaper and nursery soils was significantly taller than those on other nursery conditions. Dry weight of seedlings grown in the tray with fivefold newspaper bottom was heavier than those in nursery trays with a corrugated board and a piece of polyethylene film. The seedlings grown in a nursery tray with fivefold newspaper showed better seedling quality and root-mat formation compared with the other nursery trays. This result suggests that the healthy seedlings for machine transplanting can be raised in the paper-sheet tray without nursery soils. The labour hours and cost required for the soil-free method using paper was reduced by about 49.3% and 26.6%, respectively, compared with the semi-adult seedling on nursery soils.