• Title/Summary/Keyword: Stable process

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Robust Multiuser Detection Based on Least p-Norm State Space Filtering Model

  • Zha, Daifeng
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2007
  • Alpha stable distribution is better for modeling impulsive noises than Gaussian distribution in signal processing. This class of process has no closed form of probability density function and finite second order moments. In general, Wiener filter theory is not meaningful in S$\alpha$SG environments because the expectations may be unbounded. We proposed a new adaptive recursive least p-norm Kalman filtering algorithm based on least p-norm of innovation process with infinite variances, and a new robust multiuser detection method based on least p-norm Kalman filtering. The simulation experiments show that the proposed new algorithm is more robust than the conventional Kalman filtering multiuser detection algorithm.

Removal of Nitrogen in Seafood Processing Wastewater Using High-rate Anaerobic Process and Nitritation-denitritation (고율 혐기성 공정과 아질산-아탈질을 연계한 수산물가공폐수의 질소제거)

  • Choi, Yong-Bum;Kang, Dong-Gu;Park, Sang-Sung;Eum, Ki-Hyun;Rim, Jay-Myung;Kwon, Jae-Hyouk
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.315-322
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: Organic matter and nitrogen were removed using the EGSB process, a high-rate anaerobic process, in combination with a nitritation-denitritation process, in order to ensure the stable treatment of seafood processing wastewater. Methods: The upflow velocity of an EGGS reactor was operated at 10 m/hr for maximal organics removal efficiency. For removal of nitrogen from seafood processing wastewater a nitritation-denitriation process was applied Results: The efficiency of the EGSB process showed that it has an 80% or more organic matter (CODcr) removal efficiency with an HRT of six hours or more at influent loadings of 17.34 kgCOD/$m^3$/day or less. The methane product for TCODcr removal was 0.23-0.38 $m^3CH_4$/kgCODrem., which was similar to the theoretical generation of STP-state methane, 0.35 $m^3CH_4$/kgTCODrem. In the nitritation-denitritation process, the nitritation conversion rate to $NH_4^+$-N concentration was 82% to 87%, 72% to 81% and 64% to 69% when HRT was 24 hr, 21 hr and 18 hr, respectively. In the denitritation process, the ratio of SCOD consumption to NOx-N removal ranged from 2.347 to 2.587. It was 2.472 on average. Conclusions: The optimal HRT for stable processing of seafood processing wastewater is six hours or more. The ratio of nitrite to total NOx-N was 82% to 96%, which indicates that nitrite accounts for the largest portion of the product.

Rubbing Process Evaluation Method for The LCD Panel

  • Honoki, Hideyuki;Sakai, Kaoru;Kawabe, Shun'Ichi;Nakasu, Nobuaki
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.08a
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    • pp.115-117
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    • 2002
  • In order to realize a stable rubbing process for the liquid crystal panel, the authors investigated the quantitative evaluation method of rubbing process uniformity. The proposed method focuses on the relationship between the image quality of the LCD panel for gray scale images and the rubbing uniformity. The proposed method indicates rubbing uniformity using quantitative parameters of spots and hairlines on the LCD panel.

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Agent Based Cinder Monitoring System supporting PDA

  • Han, Jung-Soo
    • International Journal of Contents
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 2008
  • This paper embodies the agent based cinder monitoring system which supports PDA{Personal Digital Assistant). Monitoring system automatically manages data by using data managing agents such as a state managing agent, a location managing agent, a badness managing agent, a circumstances managing agent, etc, and uses a massive data processing agent to manage massive data. The development of agent based data monitoring system for the stable cinder reuse will be an epoch-making method to develop the process mechanized or manual-labored that widely spreads into the real-time automated process.

On-Site Conservation of the Underwater Objects Excavated (해저 발굴유물의 현장 보존처리)

  • Moon, Whan-Suk;Kim, Byung-Keun;Yang, Soon-Seok
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.25
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    • pp.133-150
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    • 2004
  • Once the object has been excavated at underwater condition, it should be subjected to condition that may cause its deterioration. Therefore, it is important that the object immediately keeps stable environment. It means that the object was excavated at underwater and it exposed the deterioration condition, as soon as possible it was not dried on surface, especially metallic and organic material. Iron objects is particularly notorious for rapid disintegration that it kept wet or stored in a stable environment. Ceramics, glass and stone were handled carefully that it prevented physical damage by mishandling. Organic materials of wood, leather, rope, bone must not be allowed to dry out because the creaking, shrinking and warping are well known disintegration. Therefore objects is basis of keeping stable condition in on-site and then it will have to pass through a detailed conservation process in the laboratory.

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The Study on a Biomechanical Model for Automotive Seat Design (자동차 SEAT DESIGN을 위한 BIOMECHANICAL MODEL 연구)

  • 신학수;최출헌
    • Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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    • 1998.04a
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    • pp.149-154
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    • 1998
  • The design of seat is maintaining to final stable posture. The final stable posture is the seated posture in which the force of the pad and spring supporting the body is balanced with the body weight and the bodydoes not sink anyfurther intothe seat. With poorly designed seated seats, your behind maygradually move forward, or localized pressure may result in congestion of the blood or numbness, making you want to move. Therefore, the final stable posture is not maintained. A number of ideas were used in this study will eliminate this problem. In automobile seat design, primary attention has forcused on providing the occupant with a comfortable seat that has sufficient padding and adjuxtments toaccomodate different sizes and postures of people. First of all, whether the process is design-oriented or technology-oriented, the design concept must be human-oriented. The fatigue-alleviating seats which were the primary purpose of this research were studied with a human-oriented approach.

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Changes of Lectin from Viscum coloratum by Fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum : Effect of pH and Temperature, Suger Specificity and Lymphocyte Stimulting Activity (유산균 발효에 의한 겨우사리 중의 렉틴 성분의 변화 : pH, 온도의 영향, 당 특이성, 림프구 자극분열효과)

  • 박원봉;김희숙;나혜복;함승시
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 1995
  • Lectin from mistletoe(Viscum coloratum) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum was compared with the lectin from unfermented mistletoe. Agglunating activity of fermented mistletoe was stable at pH 3.77~8.71, at temperature range of $0~40^{\circ}C$ and in the presence of 9 mental ions, which results are similar to unfermented one, but less stable at pH 2.03~3.00 and more stable at temperature $60~80^{\circ}C$ than lectin from unfermented one. Agglunating activity of lectin from mistletoe fermented for 1 or 2 days and from fraction number 42~54 was not inhibited by all sugars used except for lectin from fraction number 21~34. Mitogenic activity to murine lymphpocytes of lectin from mistletoe was decreased by fermentation process.

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Dynamic Simulation and Controller Design for the Safe Operation of Boiler Drum (보일러 드럼의 안전조업을 위한 동특성 모델링 및 제어기 설계)

  • 이익형
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.133-138
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    • 1993
  • The stable and safe operation of a boiler system is essential for ensuring stability of the chemical processes. A dynamic simulation of a boiler drum was performed to identify the dynamics of the boiler drum. The obtained results represented that the variation of process variables disturb boiler system. So, disturbance rejection with tracking and constraints handing was necessary for stable operation of boiler drum. Among many controller, GPC has been known to show good performance in set point tracking than disturbance. In order to improve disturbance rejection performance measurable disturbance term was Introduced in basic GPC model. The controller which had tracking and disturbance rejection was designed for Improving the stable operation of a boiler system.

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Homogeneous and Stable P-Type Doping of Graphene by MeV Electron Beam-Stimulated Hybridization with ZnO Thin Films

  • Song, U-Seok;Kim, Yu-Seok;Jeong, Min-Uk;Park, Jong-Yun;An, Gi-Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.08a
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    • pp.145.1-145.1
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    • 2013
  • A prerequisite for the development of graphene-based field effect transistors (FETs) is reliable control of the type and concentration of carriers in graphene. These parameters can be manipulated via the deposition of atoms, molecules, and polymers onto graphene as a result of charge transfer that takes place between the graphene and adsorbates. In this work, we demonstrate a unique and facile methodology for the homogenous and stable p-type doping of graphene by hybridization with ZnO thin films fabricated by MeV electron beam irradiation (MEBI) under ambient conditions. The formation of the ZnO/graphene hybrid nanostructure was attributed to MEBI-stimulated dissociation of zinc acetate dihydrate and a subsequent oxidation process. A ZnO thin film with an ultra-flat surface and uniform thickness was formed on graphene. We found that homogeneous and stable p-type doping was achieved by charge transfer from the graphene to the ZnO film.

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A Study for the Available Adjustment Range of Gain at P, PI Control for the Retarded Processes (시간지연을 갖는 제어대상에 대한 P, PI 제어의 유효 게인 조정 범위에 관한 연구)

  • 강인철;최순만;최재성
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.05a
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    • pp.207-212
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    • 2001
  • In this paper, a method to be able to decide the possible maximum gain of P, PI control for the retarded processes under stable condition is proposed. At first, adjustable parameter set causing stability limit are obtained based on the frequency domain condition which makes the roots of transfer function locate on the $j\omega$ axis. And the cut-in frequency $\omega{_p}$ to bring the parameter set to P control from PI control is derived by an equation with 2 parameters L and $T_m$ given, then $\omega{_p}$ is used to compute the maximum gain with stable condition. For the calculation, the controlled process of first order system with time delay element is introduced and all parameters are presumed to be time invariant.

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