• 제목/요약/키워드: Stability transfer

검색결과 967건 처리시간 0.023초

소형마이콤에서의 카오스난수 발생 함수구현 (Chaos Based Random Number Generation In Tiny MCU)

  • 현재호
    • 전자공학회논문지SC
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.1-4
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    • 2010
  • 다수의 노드(node)를 갖는 네트워크 시스템에 있어서 Ethernet 등의 방식을 이용한 LAN 기반의 시스템이 아닌 작은 규모의 제품에서는 RS-485 통신방식을 적용하는 것이 보통이다. 다수의 제품이 RS-485 버스에 결속되어 있을 때 각각의 제품(노드)은 Dip-Switch를 이용하여 개별 Address를 설정 한 후 전체 시스템은 소정의 작동을 하게 된다. 통신의 안정성 때문에 1:n Polling 방식을 사용 할 수 있으나 속도 문제와 Master Node의 부담으로 인하여 다자간 n:n Multi 통신방식을 선호한다. 이 경우 Master 없이 각 Node는 상대 Node의 Address로 직접 송신하게 되는데, 여기서 충돌을 막기 위하여 몇 가지 방법을 사용하긴 하지만 결국 충돌 발생률을 낮출 뿐이지 충돌은 존재 한다. 따라서 재송신 방법에 따라 시스템의 안정성이 좌우 된다. 이는 적정 지연 후 재송신 하는 것인데 이때의 지연시간 결정이 매우 모호하다. 대부분의 경우 유사 난수를 발생하여 이를 해결하곤 하는데 마이콤 기반의 작은 시스템에서의 난수 발생은 의외로 어려운 과제이므로 이 모든 것을 해결하는 방안으로 카오스난수 발생기를 마이콤에서 구현하고자 한다. 카오스 난수를 발생시키면 난수의 안정적인 결과를 기대 할 수 있으며 카오스 난수 지연으로 인하여 시스템의 안정성도 높아진다.

A Fully-implicit Velocity Pressure coupling Algorithm-IDEAL and Its Applications

  • SUN, Dong-Liang;QU, Zhi-Guo;He, Ya-Ling;Tao, Wen-Quan
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 학술대회
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2008
  • An efficient segregated algorithm for the coupling of velocity and pressure of incompressible fluid flow, called IDEAL Inner Doubly-Iterative Efficient Algorithm for Linked-Equations), has been proposed by the present authors. In the algorithm there exist double inner iterative processes for pressure equation at each iteration level, which almost completely overcome two approximations in SIMPLE algorithm. Thus the coupling between velocity and pressure is fully guaranteed, greatly enhancing the convergence rate and stability of solution process. The performance of the IDEAL algorithm for three-dimensional incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problems is analyzed and a systemic comparison is made between the algorithm and three other most widely-used algorithms (SIMPLER, SIMPLEC and PISO). It is found that the IDEAL algorithm is the most robust and the most efficient one among the four algorithms compared. This new algorithm is used for the velocity prediction of a new interface capturing method. VOSET, also proposed by the present author. It is found that the combination of VOSET and IDEAL can appreciably enhance both the interface capture accuracy and convergence rate of computations.

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A Fully-implicit Velocity Pressure coupling Algorithm-IDEAL and Its Applications

  • Sun, Dong-Liang;Qu, Zhi-Guo;He, Ya-Ling;Tao, Wen-Quan
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전산유체공학회 2008년 추계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2008
  • An efficient segregated algorithm for the coupling of velocity and pressure of incompressible fluid flow, called IDEAL (Inner Doubly-Iterative Efficient Algorithm for Linked-Equations), has been proposed by the present authors. In the algorithm there exist double inner iterative processes for pressure equation at each iteration level, which almost completely overcome two approximations in SIMPLE algorithm. Thus the coupling between velocity and pressure is fully guaranteed, greatly enhancing the convergence rate and stability of solution process. The performance of the IDEAL algorithm for three-dimensional incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problems is analyzed and a systemic comparison is made between the algorithm and three other most widely-used algorithms (SIMPLER, SIMPLEC and PISO). It is found that the IDEAL algorithm is the most robust and the most efficient one among the four algorithms compared. This new algorithm is used for the velocity prediction of a new interface capturing method -VOSET, also proposed by the present author. It is found that the combination of VOSET and IDEAL can appreciably enhance both the interface capture accuracy and convergence rate of computations.

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분자궤도론에 의한 반응성 결정 (제34보). 수소 시그마 결합 자리옮김 반응에 대한 MINDO/3 이론연구 (1) : 중앙탄소원자를 가진 계 (Determination of Reactivity by MO Theory (XXXIV). MINDO/3 Theoretical Studies on Sigmatropic Hydrogen Rearrangements (1) : Systems with Central Carbon Atom)

  • 조정기;이익춘;오혁근;조인호
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.217-230
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    • 1984
  • 중앙 탄소 원자를 가진 계에서의 1,2-와 1,3-그리고 1,5-수소 시그마 결합 자리 옮김반응에 관하여 전이상태와 활성화 에너지 장벽을 결정하기 위하여 MINDO/3 방법을 이용하였다. 전이상태의 안정성을 설명하는 데에는 궤도의 대칭성 외에 입체효과와 방향성 그리고 궤도간의 상호작용 또한 기여됨을 알았다. 헤테로 원자를 가진 계의 경우, 고립 전자쌍의 궤도가 수소의 자리 옮김반응에 관여하므로 전이상태에서 요구되는 궤도의 비틀림을 줄이게 되며, 그에 따라 활성화 에너지 장벽이 낮게 나타났다. 더욱 정확한 ab initio 계산에 의하여 얻어진 결과와 비교했을 때, 본 연구에서의 MINDO/3방법으로 얻은 상대적인 에너지 장벽의 크기 순서는 일치하는 경향성을 보였다.

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V/비정질- $V_{2}$ $O_{5}$ /lV 박막소자에서의 양자화된 컨덕턴스 상태로의 문턱 스위칭 (Thereshold Switching into Conductance Quantized Sttes in V/vamorphous- $V_{2}$ $O_{5}$/V Thin Film Devices)

  • 윤의중
    • 전자공학회논문지D
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    • 제34D권12호
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    • pp.89-100
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    • 1997
  • This paper investigated a new type of low voltage threshold switch (LVTS). As distinguished from the many other types of electronic threshold switches, the LvTS is ; voltage controlled, occurs at low voltages ($V_{2}$ $O_{5}$lV devices. The average low threshold voltage < $V_{LVT}$>=218 mV (standard deviation =24mV~kT/q, where T=300K), and was independent of the device area (x100) and amorphous oxide occurred in an ~22.angs. thick interphase of the V/amorphous- $V_{2}$ $O_{5}$ contacts. At $V_{LVT}$ there was a transition from an initially low conductance (OFF) state into a succession of quantized states of higher conductance (ON). The OFF state was spatically homogeneous and dominated by tunneling into the interphase. The ON state conductances were consistent with the quantized conductances of ballistic transport through a one dimensional, quantum point contact. The temeprature dependence of $V_{LVT}$, and fit of the material parameters (dielectric function, barrier energy, conductivity) to the data, showed that transport in the OFF and ON states occurred in an interphase with the characteristics of, respectively, semiconducting and metallic V $O_{2}$. The experimental results suggest that the LVTS is likely to be observed in interphases produced by a critical event associated with an inelastic transfer of energy.rgy.y.rgy.

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Innervated Cross-Finger Pulp Flap for Reconstruction of the Fingertip

  • Lee, Nae-Ho;Pae, Woo-Sik;Roh, Si-Gyun;Oh, Kwang-Jin;Bae, Chung-Sang;Yang, Kyung-Moo
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.637-642
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    • 2012
  • Background Fingertip injuries involving subtotal or total loss of the digital pulp are common types of hand injuries and require reconstruction that is able to provide stable padding and sensory recovery. There are various techniques used for reconstruction of fingertip injuries, but the most effective method is functionally and aesthetically controversial. Despite some disadvantages, cross-finger pulp flap is a relatively simple procedure without significant complications or requiring special techniques. Methods This study included 90 patients with fingertip defects who underwent cross-finger pulp flap between September 1998 and March 2010. In 69 cases, neurorrhaphy was performed between the pulp branch from the proper digital nerve and the recipient's sensory nerve for good sensibility of the injured fingertip. In order to evaluate the outcome of our surgical method, we observed two-point discrimination in the early (3 months) and late (12 to 40 months) postoperative periods. Results Most of the cases had cosmetically and functionally acceptable outcomes. The average defect size was $1.7{\times}1.5$ cm. Sensory return began 3 months after flap application. The two-point discrimination was measured at 4.6 mm (range, 3 to 6 mm) in our method and 7.2 mm (range, 4 to 9 mm) in non-innervated cross-finger pulp flaps. Conclusions The innervated cross-finger pulp flap is a safe and reliable procedure for lateral oblique, volar oblique, and transverse fingertip amputations. Our procedure is simple to perform under local anesthesia, and is able to provide both mechanical stability and sensory recovery. We recommend this method for reconstruction of fingertip injuries.

Free-standing Three Dimensional Graphene Incorporated with Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Binder-free Electrochemical Sensor for Enhanced Glucose Detection

  • Bui, Quoc Bao;Nguyen, Dang Mao;Nguyen, Thi Mai Loan;Lee, Ku Kwac;Kim, Hong Gun;Ko, Sang Cheol;Jeong, Hun
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.229-237
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    • 2018
  • The electrochemical sensing performance of metal-graphene hybrid based sensor may be significantly decreased due to the dissolution and aggregation of metal catalyst during operation. For the first time, we developed a novel large-area high quality three dimensional graphene foam-incorporated gold nanoparticles (3D-GF@Au) via chemical vapor deposition method and employed as free-standing electrocatalysis for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection. 3D-GF@Au based sensor is capable to detect glucose with a wide linear detection range of $2.5{\mu}M$ to 11.6 mM, remarkable low detection limit of $1{\mu}M$, high selectivity, and good stability. This was resulted from enhanced electrochemical active sites and charge transfer possibility due to the stable and uniform distribution of Au NPs along with the enhanced interactions between Au and GF. The obtained results indicated that 3D-GF@Au hybrid can be expected as a high quality candidate for non-enzymatic glucose sensor application.

구름-장파복사 상호작용이 아시아 몬순에 미치는 영향 (The Impact of Interaction between Cloud and Longwave Radiation on the Asian Monsoon Circulation)

  • 유근혁;손병주
    • 한국지구과학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.58-68
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    • 2009
  • 몬순 기간에 구름의 복사 강제력의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 1998년 4월부터 9월까지 International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) 구름자료와 GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME) 재분석 자료를 입력 자료로 복사 모델을 수행하여 3차원의 장파 복사 플럭스를 구하였다. 구름에 의한 대기 복사 가열은 구름을 포함한 평균 대기와 맑은 대기에서의 복사 가열율의 차이를 이용하여 계산하였다 구름에 의한 복사 가열율이 아시아 몬순에 미치는 영향을 중점적으로 살펴보았다. 구름에 의한 복사 가열은 인도양에서 최대를 티벳 고원에서 최소를 나타내어, 남북으로 차등 가열의 경도를 나타내었다. 이러한 차등 가열이 대기 순환의 최대 원인임을 고려해볼 때, 인도양과 티벳 고원에서의 구름에 의한 차등 가열의 경도는 해들리 타입의 남북 몬순 순환을 강화시키고 있다. 또한 운정에서의 가열, 운저에서의 냉각의 형태로 나타나는 구름의 복사 가열 분포는, 대기의 불안정성을 높여서 몬순 순환을 증대시킬 수 있는 역할을 하고 있다.

도심지 굴착에 적용된 IPS 흙막이 구조물의 현장거동 (Performance of Innovative Prestressed Support Earth Retention System in Urban Excavation)

  • 김낙경;박종식;장호준;한만엽;김문영;김성보
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 도심지 굴착 현장에 적용된 IPS(Innovative Prestressed Support) 흙막이 구조물의 거동을 파악하여 시스템의 안정성을 확인하였다. 새로운 흙막이 지보재인 IPS 띠장은 지반 굴착으로 인한 토압을 자체의 휨강성을 이용하여 버팀보에 전달하는 특징을 가지고 있다. IPS 띠장의 휨강성은 기존 굴착 공법에 적용된 띠장에 비해 월등하기 때문에 IPS 띠장을 활용하면 흙막이 벽체를 지지하는 버팀보의 설치 간격을 획기적으로 법힐 수 있으며 굴착시에 법은 작업 공간을 제공한다. 이로 인해 굴착 공사에 사용되는 강계의 물량을 줄일 수 있다. 또한 IPS 띠장에 강선의 인장력을 도입하여 선행 하중을 가함으로써 지반 굴착으로 인한 흙막이 벽체의 변형을 제한할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 IPS 흙막이 공법을 적용한 도심지 굴착 현장에 시공 전기간 계측을 수행하여 그 적용성과 안정성을 확인하였다. 현장 계측 결과를 분석하여 혁신적인 흙막이 지보재인 IPS 띠장과 IPS 흙막이 벽체 그리고 코너 스트친의 거동을 분석하였다.

Thermal and structural analysis of a cryogenic conduction cooling system for a HTS NMR magnet

  • In, Sehwan;Hong, Yong-Ju;Yeom, Hankil;Ko, Junseok;Kim, Hyobong;Park, Seong-Je
    • 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.59-63
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    • 2016
  • The superconducting NMR magnets have used cryogen such as liquid helium for their cooling. The conduction cooling method using cryocoolers, however, makes the cryogenic cooling system for NMR magnets more compact and user-friendly than the cryogen cooling method. This paper describes the thermal and structural analysis of a cryogenic conduction cooling system for a 400 MHz HTS NMR magnet, focusing on the magnet assembly. The highly thermo-conductive cooling plates between HTS double pancake coils are used to transfer the heat generated in coils, namely Joule heating at lap splice joints, to thermal link blocks and finally the cryocooler. The conduction cooling structure of the HTS magnet assembly preliminarily designed is verified by thermal and structural analysis. The orthotropic thermal properties of the HTS coil, thermal contact resistance and radiation heat load are considered in the thermal analysis. The thermal analysis confirms the uniform temperature distribution for the present thermal design of the NMR magnet within 0.2 K. The mechanical stress and the displacement by the electromagnetic force and the thermal contraction are checked to verify structural stability. The structural analysis indicates that the mechanical stress on each component of the magnet is less than its material yield strength and the displacement is acceptable in comparison with the magnet dimension.