• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the ability to maintain dynamic sitting balance (DSB), biomechanical characteristics, and physical characteristics in spinal cord injuries (SCI) patients. Background: Virtual ski training systems, ski equipment, and training protocols for disabled skiers are being studied to spread awareness. However, few studies have been reported on the sitting balance ability associated with chair mono skiing. Method: A dynamic sitting balance border system was built to investigate the ability to maintain dynamic sitting balance in SCI patients. Trunk muscle activity was evaluated by electromyogram while conducting dynamic sitting balance tests. The trunk muscle strength was tested with a portable handheld dynamometer. Physical activity scores were measured with the physical activity recall assessment. Results: There were high levels of correlation between the ability to maintain DSB and trunk flexor strength, extensor strength, rotator strength, and physical activity score. However, height, weight, and injury level in SCI patients were not correlated with the ability to maintain DSB. Additionally, strong negative correlations were found between muscle activities of the external oblique and lumbar erector spinae muscles and the ability to perform the backward tilt test. Trunk extensor muscle activity during the ball lifting test was significantly higher than in other tests. Conclusion: The results indicate that improving trunk muscle strength and physical activity can increase the ability to maintain DSB. Application: The findings of a close relationship between trunk strength, physical activity, and the ability to maintain DSB need to be reflected in the chair mono ski training program.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.153-164
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• 2004

The growing importance of product quality is becoming more and more daily apparent as we enter the age of globalization around the world. And the product safety is getting more focus as well as product quality. As a result, many domestic companies are putting a lot of emphasis on safety measures and management activities and these companies' products are mainly superior to other companies' product. When we separate the product quality procedure into 3 steps, i.e. quality secure-quality confirm-quality guarantee, of course the 1st step is the most important, but also 2nd step of product quality confirm process is important. And in mass production environment, sampling inspection is more desirable than the $100\;\%$ inspection procedure. As a part of globalization trend, KS system is also being revised and reestablished based on ISO, IEC, etc. which are based on international standard. Conventional KS sampling inspection standards were in many areas quite different from ISO sampling standards, only KS A 3102, 3104, 3151 are left and the rest become obsolete, and even the ones that are still around are planned to the gone step by step. It has been already 3 years since the new KS A ISO $2859-0\sim3$ sampling inspection process has been established which the abolition of the popular KS A 3101, KS A 3105, KS A 3109, yet the implementation rate is very slow. This study will attempt to analyze the new KS A ISO 2859-2 and KS A ISO 2859-3, and try to understand the difference as that the new standard can be easily understood and used widely among companies, by using examples. Our attempt is to help implement with the companies with active safety involvement but the final result can be spread among other companies as well in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.311-317
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• 2013

It was reported in Nature and the Wall Street Journal on June 20th, 2012 that scientists at Duke university have developed a gigapixel camera, capable of over 1,000 times the resolution of a normal camera. According to the reports, this super-resolution camera was motivated by the need of US military authorities to surveil ground and sky. We notice the ripple effect of this technology has spread into the area of national defense and industry, so that this research has started to realize the super-resolution camera as a frontier research topic. As a result, we can understand the optical structure of a super-resolution camera's lens system to be composed of a front, monocentric objective of a single lens plus 98 rear, multiscale camera lenses. We can also obtain the numerical ranges of specification factors related to the optical structure, such as the diameter of the aperture, and the focal length.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.282-288
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• 2013

In nature, the population of Nosema bombycis (Microsporidia) causing pebrine disease is small and their development is extremely slow and only few ultimately producing spores. Pebrine infected silkworm, Bombyx mori larvae collected from sericulture field were alive till $3^{rd}$ generation though the concentration of N.bombycis spore was very high ($2.4-3.0{\times}10^8$ spores. $mL^{-1}$). All larvae were died during $4^{th}$ generation with extremely high concentration of pebrine spores ($3.0-4.0{\times}10^9$ spores. $mL^{-1}$) and mostly contain long polar tube (LT). Alternately, all larvae were died immediately (at $3^{rd}$ stage of $1^{st}$ generation) when it was artificially inoculated with same concentration of N.bombycis spores harvested from field ($2.4-3.0{\times}10^8$ spores. $mL^{-1}$) though concentration of spores harvest was very less ($3.0-4.0{\times}10^6$ spores. $mL^{-1}$) and mostly contain short polar tube (ST). Artificially pebrine infected male moth when mated with healthy female moth took six generations to develop pebrine disease and all larvae were died at the $2^{nd}$ stage with very less spore harvest ($3.0-10.0{\times}10^6$ spores. $mL^{-1}$). Survival percentage was increased in all generations (~92.0% at $4^{th}$ generation) when silkworm rearing was conducted under new integrated disease management system.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 1996

This paper presents practical notional-load plastic-hinge method for a two-dimensional steel structure design. The proposed method incorporates the refined plastic-hinge concept for spread of plasticity together with a practical notional-load approach. The proposed method can assess realistically both strength and behavior of a structural system and its individual members in a direct manner. As a result, the method can be used for design without tedious separate member capacity checks, including the calculation of K-factor. The strengths predicted by the proposed method are then compared with those predicted by the exact plastic-zone analysis as well as by the conventional LRFD procedure. A good agreement is generally observed. The displacement predictions are compared with the plastic-zone solutions. Analysis and design guidelines in using the proporsed method are given in detail. Analysis and design procedures are recommended. Member sizes determined by the proposed method are compared with those determined by the LRFD method. It is concluded that the procedures are suitable for adoption in practice.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.408-417
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• 2003

In this paper, we have studied the enhancement of the acoustic image by combining bases of support for SFR (Spatial Frequency Response) taken at multi-frequencies. The scanning acoustic microscope system have been constructed using the quadrature detector that is able to measure the amplitude and phase of the reflected signal simultaneously. Both real and quadrature components of reflected signal have been acquired at 4.4 ㎒ to 5.6 ㎒ reliably and accurately. In this experimental result, better depth resolution can be obtained by numerically combining images taken at several different frequencies. Image intensity have been better about 3.4 times at multi-frequency than one at a single frequency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.75-78
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• 2004

Various jet engines (Turbine engine family and RAM Jet engine) have been developed for high speed aircrafts. but their application to hypersonic flight is restricted by principle problems such as increase of total pressure loss and thermal stress. Therefore, the development of next generation propulsion system for hypersonic aircraft is a very important subject in the aerospace engineering field, SCRAM Jet engine based on a key technology, Supersonic Combustion. is supposed as the best choice for the hypersonic flight. Since Supersonic Combustion requires both rapid ignition and stable flame holding within supersonic air stream, much attention have to be given on the mixing state between air stream and fuel flow. However. the wider diffusion of fuel is expected with less total pressure loss in the supersonic air stream. So. in this study the direction of fuel injection is inclined 30 degree to downstream and the total pressure of jet is controlled for lower penetration height than thickness of boundary layer. Under these flow configuration both streams, fuel and supersonic air stream, would not mix enough. To spread fuel wider into supersonic air an aerodynamic force, baroclinic torque, is adopted. Baroclinic torque is generated by a spatial misalignment between pressure gradient (shock wave plane) and density gradient (mixing layer). A wedge is installed in downstream of injector orifice to induce an oblique shock. The schlieren optical visualization from side transparent wall and the total pressure measurement at exit cross section of combustor estimate how mixing is enhanced by the incidence of shock wave into supersonic boundary layer composed by fuel and air. In this study non-combustionable helium gas is injected with total pressure 0.66㎫ instead of flammable fuel to clarify mixing process. Mach number 1.8. total pressure O.5㎫, total temperature 288K are set up for supersonic air stream.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-53
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• 2013

In the 1st half of 2009, Hana Bank was first to launch the smart banking service in Korea and thereafter, the smart banking system spread rapidly within Korea. Until 2010, the users have reached about 2,610,000. So, for more profit, how to make the smart banking early-adopters continually use the service has became the key issue. But, there are only few researches on continuous acceptance of smart banking service now. The aim of this study is to find out factors influncing continuous acceptance of smart banking service and the appropriate model for it. After analyzing the market status of smart banking service, Security, Service Scalability and UI convenience were chosen to be the most important independent variables. And research model was designed based on Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory and Post Acceptance Model. To verify the model, a survey targeting at smart banking service users was implemented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2020

Livestock epidemics, such as foot and mouth disease, are causing enormous economic losses due to their strong infectious power. Early detection of infectious diseases in livestock is very important, but it is difficult to diagnose early in individual farms, and there are frequent cases of transmission through inter-farm movement such as veterinarians and feeding vehicles. In this study, we studied the technology that enables rapid diagnosis without veterinarian farm visits and prevents further spread by automatically monitoring the body temperature of livestock using ubiquitous-based information and communication technology in the early stage of onset and sending it in real time. We have presented a technique for systematically managing livestock epidemics at the farm level, regional level, and national level by using the community mapping technique by using the remote medical treatment system linked to the automatically collected information. In this process, community mapping items for each step and stakeholders were derived for crowd sourcing based spatial information technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.337-340
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• 2007

Construction CALS contributed to informatization of public construction sector and to settle construction leaders' mind on informatization of construction project, however, the effect of Construction CALS has reduced as the CALS system has been aged and a plan for spread-out of existing systems has not been established. It is necessary to maximize the effect by developing a future plan after recognizing the current state. This study provided key factors that Construction CALS should take for the bright future by using SWOT Analysis, an useful method to develop a strategy. Considering interior and exterior environments surrounding Construction CALS through investigating existing studies, this study deduced twenty five strength, weakness, opportunity and threat points, and finally this study proposed fourteen critical success factors. The results of this study made a significant contribution to decision of the milestone that Construction CALS should take.