• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1995

The present study was carried out to establish several spermatotoxicity test methods. For this purpose we investigated following parameters in the fertility study of DA-125, a new anticancer agent, in rats: testicular spermatid counts, epididymal sperm counts, daily sperm production rate, sperm morphology, and serum testosterone concentration. Motility and velocity of sperms were also measured using non-treated rats. At 0.3 mg DA-125/kg, spermatids per 1g testis and daily sperm production rate per 1g testis were significantly decreased, when compared with those of control group. Several types of abnormal sperms, such as no head, pin head, double head, hook at wrong angle, no tail, and small sperm, were found in both treated and control groups at a low frequency. Serum testosterone concentration at 0.3 mg DA-125/kg was close to the control value. Sperm motility and velocity measured with non-treated rats were in a good agreement with the results of other investigators. In our study established spermatotoxicity test methods can be used as a tool not only for the close examination of the cause of drug- or chemical-induced infertility, but also for the effective evaluation of reproductive toxicity.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-83
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sperm concentration of 5ml maxi-straw on farrowing rate and number of pigs born alive per litter in deep frozen boar semen. We did not find out the effect of sperm concentration on post-thaw sperm motility and NAR acrosome. However, farrowing rate and number of pigs born alive per litter of 7. 5 x 10˚ /5ml and 10.0 x 10˚ /5m1 sperm concentrations were higher than those of 5. 0 /10˚ /5ml sperm concentration.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.40-40
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• 2003

DNA content of the sperm of tetraploid mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis) males and the ploidy status of progenies generated by crossing tetraploid males with diploid females are described. Reproductive performance of the induced adult tetraploid males ranged from sterility to fertility. Of 48 tetraploid males tested, 12 were sterile but the other 36 produced functional sperm. Of these 36, 26 produced haploid sperm, which on fertilizing the haploid eggs, generated diploid progenies. Seven tetraploid males were mosaics in their sperm, as indicated by the production of diploid, aneuploid and/or triploid offspring. Only 3 males produced diploid sperm rendering the production of all-triploid progenies. The DNA content of sperm of a tested tetraploid male was consistent throughout the 3 progeny tests, i.e. the haploid sperm-producing 4n males persisted to produce the haploid sperm only likewise the diploid sperm producing4n males consistently produced the diploid sperm only, when progeny testing was extended to 3 successive but alternate years. Hence, a careful and direct examination of the DNA profile of sperm from tetraploid males is a pre-requisite for reproductive containment of genetically modified fish.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of semen extenders on the motility, viability and fertility in vitro of spermatozoa during storage of fresh boar semen diluted in different commercial extenders used for pig artificial insemination (AI). In this experiment, semen were diluted in Androhep plus, Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), Modena, Seminark and Vitasem LD. Five ejaculates were collected from three Duroc boars and sub-samples were diluted ($30{\times}10^6$ spermatozoa/ml) in different extenders. Semen was stored at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Sperm motility and viability was assessed using Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) and flow-cytometry on 1, 3, 5 and 10 day post collection The motility of spermatozoa stored in different extenders was gradually decreased by increasing the duration of storage of semen. However, there was not significant1y different in the sperm motility and viability among other extenders. On the other hand, the in vitro-matured oocytes were fertilized and cultured in vitro to assess the fertility of boar spermatozoa stored for 3 and 10 days in different extenders. The percentage of morula and blastocyst were taken as indicators of fertility in vitro of spermatozoa. Therefore, there were no differences in the rate of embryos developed to the molular and blastocyst stage. There were no differences in the motility and fertility in vitro among 5 kinds of commercial boar semen extenders.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 1979

A, B and C dilutors were used to make Ka (A plus B (1 : 1)) and Na (B plus C(1 : 1)) dilutors in this experiment. Three aliqots of semen were respectivly diluted 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (semen: dilutor) with Ka, Na and C dilutors and stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 7 days in order to study their livability during storage. Fertility was checked for the diluted semen with Ka, Na and C dilutors. Whole semen and extended semen with Na dilutos with and without DMSO were cold shocked at various temperatures for 10 min. Effects of different 1st and 2nd dilution with A, B, C and Na dilutors and of vessels on freezability of spermatozoa were investigtigated. 1. Extended semen 1 : 2 with Na and C dilutors showed highest live sperm index during storage for 7 days at 5$^{\circ}C$. 2. The components of Na dilutor per 100$m\ell$ were skim milk 2.5g, trisaminomethane 0.54g, citric acid 0.265g, glucose 2.835g, fructose 1.5g, sodium lauryl sulfate, 0.08g, penicillin 0.06g, streptomycin 0.075g, and egg yolk 10$m\ell$. 3. Fertility of diluted semen was higher than that of whole semen. Ka dilutor showed higher fertility than Na and C dilutors, and there was no difference in the fertility between Na and C dilutors. 4. Na dilutor with DMSO showed slightly higher livability than Na dilutor without DMSO during storage for 7 days at 5$^{\circ}C$. 5. Cold shock at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. decreased greatly the sperm livalility of whole semen but not of extended semen with Na dilutor. Addition of DMSO to Na dilutor has no effect in prevention of cold shock. 6. The extended semen with C. C dilutor (1st and 2nd dilution with C and C dilutor) showed higher post-thawing sperm livability than A.A and Na. B dilutors. Na. B dilution shwed higher post-thawing sperm livability than A.A dilution. There was no difference in the post-thawing livability between semen in 1$m\ell$ straw and 10$m\ell$ aluminium package.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.406-410
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• 2017

Curcumin is known as a natural antioxidant, decreasing oxidative stress in animal cells. Generally, oxidative stress induces reactive oxygen species in sperm and leads to decreased sperm characteristics in pigs. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of curcumin on sperm motility, viability, mitochondrial activity and plasma membrane integrity in pigs. Curcumin (0, 5 and $10{\mu}M$) was treated in boar semen, which were incubated for 9 hours in $37^{\circ}C$. Then, motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane integrity of sperm was analyzed every 3 hours. In the results, sperm motility was significantly increased by $5{\mu}M$ curcumin after 3 and 9 hours after incubation, and viability was significantly higher in $5{\mu}M$ curcumin treatment at 3 hours (P<0.05). Similarly, sperm mitochondrial activity and plasma membrane integrity were significantly increased by $5{\mu}M$ curcumin at 3, 6 and 9 hours after incubation (P<0.05). There results suggest that curcumin improve sperm characteristics such as motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, and plasma membrane integrity, and may exert a positive effect on sperm fertility in pigs.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2024

Objective: Seasonal variations in semen quality are known to occur in temperate regions, but results regarding tropical areas remain inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine whether monthly variations in semen parameters are present among men in a tropical region. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from semen analyses of 3,000 men over a 10-year period, from 2012 to 2022. Analysis of variance and the independent-samples t-test were employed to observe variations in semen parameters throughout the entire period and between months, respectively. Results: The mean±standard deviation sperm concentration was significantly lower in June, at 42.5±31.4 million/mL, compared to other months. The highest sperm concentration was found in March, at 57.8±42.6 million/mL, constituting a mean difference of 15.3 million/mL between the lowest and highest concentrations. The total sperm count displayed a similar pattern of monthly variation, with a difference of 47.2 million between the highest and lowest months. No significant monthly differences were observed in other parameters, such as sperm motility, morphology, and semen volume. Conclusion: Significant monthly variations in sperm concentration and total sperm count were evident in this Sri Lankan population. March, which displayed the highest sperm counts, is in the spring in temperate regions, while the month with the lowest counts, July, is part of the summer. Fluctuations in photoperiod appear to most strongly influence these variations.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 1986

As a fundamental study to increase the fertility and to modify the sex ratio in cattle, highly motile sperm were separated by bovine serum albumin gradients. The pregnancy rates of Korean native cow and Holstein cow, and the sex ratio between AI and natural mating were also investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. First service pregnancy rate of Korean native cow in artificial insemination was higher than that of Holstein. 2. At secondary sex ratio in artificial insemination and natural mating, male ratio in artifical insemination was slightly higher than that in natural mating. 3. The sperm separated from marketed frozen semen using 6%, 10% and 20% bovine serum albumin showed significantly high value in motility, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility as compared with control sperm.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

Egg activation is a crucial step that initiates embryo development upon breaking the meiotic arrest. In mammalian, egg activation is accomplished by fusion with sperm, which induces the repeated intracellular $Ca^{2+}$- increases ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillation). Researches in mammals support the view of the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillation and egg activation is triggered by a protein factor from sperm that causes $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ release from endoplasmic reticulum, intracellular $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ store, by persistently activation of phosphoinositide pathway. It represents that the sperm factor generates production of inositol trisphosphate ($IP_3$). Recently a sperm specific form of phospholipase C zeta, referred to as PLCZ was identified. In this paper, we confer the evidence that PLCZ represent the sperm factor that induces $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillation and egg activation and discuss the correlation of PLCZ and infertility.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1984

This cepseiment was carried out to cerify the effect of thawing methods and preservative temperature on the sperm motility and fertility after thawing semen with plastic straws in fresh and warm water. Sperm motility in vitro stored at room temperature after thawing were conducted by the various storage hours. A field trial after thawing semen with warmed water in straws from Cheju native cows involving 4 technicians and 800 cows first (or second) services gave the following results. The thawing methods of warmed water for one minute in semen motility were considerably higher than that in iced water during 12 hours after thawing semen, however, the sperm survival index of ice-water shwed a better results according as the time passed away, but not significant differences. Preservative temperaure at 5$^{\circ}C$ (iced water) after thawing gave significantly better results than that of thawed at 3$0^{\circ}C$ (warmed water). The N R rate to 175 inseminations with semen thawed at 15-2$0^{\circ}C$ (fresh water) was 82.8%, 80.9% for 610 inseminations thawed in warm water. Conception rate ofthe semen thawed in warm water for 10-60 secs gave no significant difference among storage hours, because the semen used to be inseminated within one hour almost, but in decreased when semen thawed at the period of one minute over.