• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2006

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in plants, which is due to failure to produce functional pollen, is a maternally inherited trait. Specific nuclear genes that suppress CMS, termed fertility restorer (Rf) genes, have been identified in several plants. In this study, Rfl-inked molecular markers in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were detected by bulked segregant analysis of eight amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Only AFRF8 was successfully converted to a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker. This was named AFRF8CAPS and genotype determination using it agreed with that obtained with the original AFRF8. A linkage map with a total size of 54.1 cM was constructed with AFRF8CAPS and the seven AFLP markers using the Kosambi function. The AFRF8CAPS marker was shown to be closest to Rf with a genetic distance of 1.8 cM. These markers will be useful for fast and reliable detection of restorer lines during $F_1$ hybrid seed production and breeding programs in pepper.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.139-143
• /
• 2010

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is historically a serious epidemic disease in potato and tomato cultivations. Accession L3708 (Solanum pimpinellifolium), a new source for late blight resistance was identified in AVRDC, and carries the resistance gene, Ph-3, incompatible to P. infestans race 3. The AFLP markers linked to Ph-3 were previously developed from the L3708 accession (Chunwongse et al. 2002). To facilitate tomato breeding with the Ph-3 gene, an attempt was made to convert AFLP markers to sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Among 6 AFLP markers, only one AFLP marker, L87, was successfully converted to SCAR marker. The resistance-specific 230 bp AFLP fragment was cloned and sequenced, and the PCR primer amplifying a 123 bp fragment was designed. This SCAR marker could discriminate resistant and susceptible individuals with high stringency. The developed SCAR marker could be used for the marker assisted-selection in tomato breeding programs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.157-169
• /
• 2022

DNA typing is the typical technology in the forensic science and plays a significant role in the personal identification of victims and suspects. Short tandem repeat (STR) is the short tandemly repeated DNA sequence consisting of 2~7 bp DNA units in specific loci. It is disseminated across the human genome and represents polymorphism among individuals. Because polymorphism is a key feature of the application of DNA typing STR analysis, STR analysis becomes the standard technology in forensics. Therefore, the DNA database (DNA-DB) was first introduced with 4 essential STR markers for the application of forensic science; however, the number of STR markers was expanded from 4 to 13 and 13 to 20 later to counteract the continuously increased DNA profile and other needed situations. After applying expanded STR markers to the South Korean DNA-DB system, it positively affected to low copy number analysis that had a high possibility of partial DNA profiles, and especially contributed to the theft cases due to the high portion of touch DNA evidence in the theft case. Furthermore, STR marker expansion not only contributed to the resolution of cold cases but also increased kinship index indicating the potential for improved kinship test accuracy using extended STR markers. Collectively, the expansion of the STR locus was considered to be necessary to keep pace with the continuously increasing DNA profile, and to improve the data integrity of the DNA-DB.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.464-470
• /
• 2017

성염색체에 위치하는 5 개의 초위성체 마커(INRA30, TGLA325, UMN0803, UMN0905, UMN0929) 를 이용하여 재래소 3품종과 외래소 7품종(칡소, 한우, 제주흑우, 홀스타인, 일본화우, 샤롤레, 앵거스, 헤어포드, 시멘탈, 한우X 샤롤레 교잡종)의 유전적 특징을 확인하였다. 상업적으로 판매되는 소고기의 잘못된 원산지 표기를 통해 부당한 경제적 이득을 취하고자 하는 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 소고기 샘플을 빠르고 저비용으로 확인 하기 위한 방법으로 사용하기 위해 좌위 또는 품종 특이적 대립유전자를 탐색하고 좌위별 대립유전자수, 대립유전자빈도, 이형접합도 그리고 다형정보량(PIC)을 구하여 이들 10품종의 유전적 다양성을 평가하였다. STRUCTURE 분석을 통한 군락의 분류 및 유전적 균일성 분석에서 재래소 품종과 외래소 품종으로 두개의 주요 그룹으로 나뉘어진다. 이러한 결과들은 재래소와 외래소 품종의 특이적인 유전적 차이를 나타낸다. 또한 Nei's 표준 유전적 거리로 나타난 neighbor-joining tree에서도 독립적인 계통유전학적인 위치를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 국내 재래종과 외래품종 사이의 유전적 거리, 품종의 역사 및 그들의 지리적 기원 사이에 명백한 차이를 나타내는 증거로 사료된다. 이러한 결과들로 이들 성염색체의 초위성체 마커들에 의해 소 품종들의 유전적 다양성과 연관성은 과학적인 기초자료로 활용되고 재래소와 외래품종 소고기를 구별할 수 있는 DNA 마커들로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러므로 이러한 마커들은 효율적인 이력추적 시스템을 만드는데 사용되어 원산지 표시 위반을 억제하는데 유용할 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2020

Background: Panax species are important herbal medicinal plants in the Araliaceae family. Recently, we reported the complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from seven Panax species, two (P. quinquefolius and P. trifolius) from North America and five (P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. vietnamensis, and P. stipuleanatus) from Asia. Methods: We conducted phylogenetic analysis of these chloroplast sequences with 12 other Araliaceae species and comprehensive comparative analysis among the seven Panax whole chloroplast genomes. Results: We identified 1,128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in coding gene sequences, distributed among 72 of the 79 protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genomes of the seven Panax species. The other seven genes (including psaJ, psbN, rpl23, psbF, psbL, rps18, and rps7) were identical among the Panax species. We also discovered that 12 large chloroplast genome fragments were transferred into the mitochondrial genome based on sharing of more than 90% sequence similarity. The total size of transferred fragments was 60,331 bp, corresponding to approximately 38.6% of chloroplast genome. We developed 18 SNP markers from the chloroplast genic coding sequence regions that were not similar to regions in the mitochondrial genome. These markers included two or three species-specific markers for each species and can be used to authenticate all the seven Panax species from the others. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species elucidated their genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships, and 18 species-specific markers were able to discriminate among these species, thereby furthering efforts to protect the ginseng industry from economically motivated adulteration.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.357-363
• /
• 2013

The fungus Venturia nashicola is the causal agent of scab on Asian pears. For the rapid and reliable identification as well as sensitive detection of V. nashicola, a PCR-based technique was developed. DNA fingerprints of three closely related species, V. nashicola, V. pirina, and V. inaequalis, were obtained by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Two RAPD markers specific to V. nashicola were identified by PCR, after which two pairs of sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were designed from the nucleotide sequences of the markers. The SCAR primer pairs, designated as D12F/D12R and E11F/E11R, amplified 535-bp and 525-bp DNA fragments, respectively, only from genomic DNA of V. nashicola. The specificity of the primer sets was tested on strains representing three species of Venturia and 20 fungal plant pathogens. The nested PCR primer pair specific to V. nashicola was developed based on the sequence of the species-specific 525-bp DNA fragment amplified by primer set E11F/E11R. The internal primer pair Na11F/Na11R amplified a 235-bp fragment from V. nashicola, but not from any other fungal species tested. The nested PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect the specific fragment in 50 fg of V. nashicola DNA.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.97-108
• /
• 2011

Cancer stem cells have stem cell-like features, such as the ability for self-renewal and differentiation but show unlimited growth because they have the lost normal regulation of cell growth. Cancer stem cells and normal stem cells have similar features. They show high motility, diversity of progeny, robust proliferative potential, association with blood vessels, immature expression profiles, nestin expression, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor expression, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, hedgehog pathway activity, telomerase activity, and Wnt pathway activity. On the other hand, with cancer cells, some of these signaling pathways are abnormally modified. In 1875, Cohnheim suggested the concept of cancer stem cells. Recently, evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells was identified. In 1994, the cancer stem cells' specific cell surface marker for leukemia was identified. Since then, other specific cell surface markers for cancer stem cells in solid tumors (e.g. breast and colon cancer) have been identified. In oral cancer, studies on cancer stem cells have been performed mainly with squamous cell carcinomas. Oral cancer specific cell surface markers, which are genes strongly expressed in oral cancer and cancer stem cell specific side populations, have been identified. Cancer stem cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, to eliminate malignant tumors efficiently and reduce the recurrence rate, therapy targeting cancer stem cells needs to be performed. Currently, studies targeting the cancer stem cells' specific signaling pathways, telomerase and tumor vasculatures are being done.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2005년도 추계학술발표회 요지
• /
• pp.262-263
• /
• 2005

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생명과학회 2006년도 제47회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
• /
• pp.95.2-95.2
• /
• 2006

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 2000년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.271.2-272
• /
• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text