• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.679-702
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• 2012

Values can be regarded as an important factor which acts as an indicator showing each person's individual path of life. many researchers have suggested that values function as standards that guide thought and action. Values lead us to take particular positions on social issues and they predispose us to favor one perspective over another. Adolescence is an important period for the establishment of one's values. The values established during such a period become an important factor determining one's right personality and contents of life. In particular, it is important to take a study about the values possessed by gifted and talented children in Korea. There have been several researches regarding the cognitive and affective characteristics of gifted and talented learners in Korea. However, there has not been any research regarding their values in life. This study investigates the characteristics of values shown by 468 high-school students from two special schools for gifted students by using Schwartz's Value Survey Scale which is consisted of 57 value categories and 10 value types. According to the results of this study, the students from the special high-school for gifted children tend to promote such value types as 'autonomy' and 'stimulation' the most. Conversely, the same students tend to deny or ignore such value types as 'power' and 'tradition'. This study provides basic data regarding the values of gifted and talented students as the first research of its kind targeting gifted students in Korea. It has an important meaning for the research related to the characteristics shown by gifted students in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

This study is to investigate and analyze regional patterns of aging in Taejeon Metropolitan city-the overpopulated area of Choong-Cheong Province-by cohort analysis method. According to the population structure transition caused by rapid social and economic changes, Korea has made a rapid progress in population aging since 1970. This trend is so rapid that we should prepare for and cope with aging society. It is not only slow to cope with it in our society, but also there are few studies on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. The data of this study are the reports of Population and Housing Censuses in 1975 and 1985 and General Population and Housing Censuses with 10% sample survey in 1995 taken by National Statistical Office. The research method is to sample as the aging district the area with high aged population rate where the populations over 60 reside among total population during the years of 1975, 1985, 1995 and to sample the special districts of decreasing population where the population decreases very much and the special districts of increasing population in which the population increases greatly, presuming that the reason why aged population rate increases is that non-elderly population high in mobility moves out. It is then verified and ascertained whether it is true or not with cohort analysis method by age. Finally regional patterns in the city are found through the classification and modeling by type based on the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population. The characteristics of the regional patterns show that there is social population transition and that non-elderly population moves out. The aging district with the high aged population rate is divided into high-level keeping-up type, relative falling type below the average of Taejeon city in aging progress, and relative rising type above the average of the city. This district can be found at both the central area of the city and the suburbs because Taejeon city has the characteristic of over-bounded city. But it cannot be found at the new built-up area with the in-migration of large population. The special districts of decreasing population where the population continues to decrease can be said to be the population doughnuts found at the CBD and its neighboring inner area. On the other hand, the special districts of increasing population where the population continues to increase are located at the new built-up area of the northern part in Taejeon city. The special districts of decreasing population are overlapping with the aging district and higher in aged population rate by the out-migration of non-elderly population. The special districts of increasing population are not overlapping with the aging district and lower in aged population rate by the in-migration of non-elderly population. To clarify the distribution map of the aging district, the special districts of decreasing and increasing population and the aging district are divided into four groups such as the special districts of decreasing population group-the same one as the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population group, the special districts of increasing population group, and the other district. With the cohort analysis method by age used to investigate the definite increase and decrease of aging population through population transition of each group, it is found that the progress of population aging is closely related to the social population fluctuation, especially that aged population rate is higher with the out-migration of non-elderly population. This is to explain each model of CBD, inner area, and the suburbs after modeling the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population in Taejeon city. On the assumption that the city area is a concentric circle, it is possible to divide it into three areas such as CBD(A), the inner area(B), and the suburbs(C). The special districts of increasing and decreasing population in the city are divided into three districts-the special districts of decreasing population(a), the special districts of increasing population(b), and the others(c). The aging district of this city is divided into the aging district($\alpha$) and the others($\beta$). And then modeling these districts, it is probable to find regional patterns in the city. $Aa{\alpha}$ and $Ac{\beta}$ patterns are found in the CBD, in which $Aa{\alpha}$ is the special district of decreasing population and is higher in aged population rate because of aged population low in mobility staying behind and out-migration of non-elderly population. $Ba{\alpha}$, $Ba{\beta}$, $Bb{\beta}$, and $Bc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the inner area, in which neighboring area $Ba{\alpha}$ pattern is located. $Bb{\beta}$ pattern is located at the new developing area of newly built apartment complex. $Cb{\beta}$, $Cc{\alpha}$, and $Cc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the suburbs, among which $Cc{\alpha}$ pattern is highest in population aging. It is likely that the $Cc{\beta}$ under housing land readjustment on a large scale will be the $Cb{\beta}$ pattern. As analyzed above, marriage and out-migration of new family, non-elderly population, with house purchase are main factors in accelerating population aging in the central area of the city. Population aging is responsible for the great increase of aged population with longer life expectancy by the low death rate, the out-migration of non-elderly population, and the age group of new aged population in the suburbs. It is necessary to investigate and analyze the regional patterns of population aging at the time when population problems caused by aging as well as longer life expectancy are now on the increase. I hope that this will help the future study on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. As in the future population aging will be a major problem in our society, local autonomy should make a plan for the problem to the extent that population aging progresses by regional groups and inevitably prepare for it.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

Recently, increasing interests in local foods have been highlighted along with active efforts and activities from autonomy organizations to develop local cultures and promote local economies by generating value added products and profits through the development of local foods. Subsequently, useful effects might result by making local foods attractive to tourists, such as by using indigenous Gimpo products to make menu items that incorporate the social, economic, and cultural aspects of the Gimpo area, and contributing to its food culture, the development and use of its indigenous products, and promoting local restaurant businesses, etc. The items of the survey used to select the local food menu items to be developed were limited to ideas offered by expert groups, and were implemented by a new menu development process. In order to derive the menu items to develop, the following method was applied: a brainstorming session with experts to generate and draft ideas, a questionnaire to chefs and cooks in special grade hotels is Seoul to select the menu items to develop from those drafted, and sensory evaluations by experts to evaluate the developed items. Frequency analysis and technical statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS 12.0 program package, where 13 kinds of local foods were ultimately developed using indigenous products of Gimpo. The developed local food menu items were rice & grape sujaebi, grape sikhae, fried rice embryo bud, grape yanggaeng, rice pancakes, rice spaghetti, grape seed oil dressing, grape sauce, rice pizza, grape pie, rice & grape ice cream, grape chocolate, and rice roll cakes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.910-920
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• 2013

The objective of this research is to find the influence of professionalism on the organizational performance, where 437 people of physical therapist, radiological-technologist, medical laboratory technologist and occupational therapist working for 35 medical service utilizations were included. The professionalism employed for medical technicians has shown significant difference on the duty performance, job meaning, appropriate salary and job autonomy with sex and ages among the value variables for jobs, and the influence of duty has shown the significant difference only on the ages. Second, the appropriate salary among the variable values for jobs has the most significant influence on the systemicity and the affections to jobs of measurable values. Third, it has shown that the higher years at work among the duty special quality have strong affection to workplace. Fourth, from the result of occupational category, the professional values affecting the organizational performance of medical technicians have difference on the type of medical technicians.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role expectation of Clinical Nurse Specialist(CNS) in A tertiary-affiliated hospital in Seoul. Data were surveyed from Jul. 8, to Jul. 20, 1996. 74 medical doctors and 119 nurses participated in this survey. For data analysis, SPSS/PC+ program was used: ${\chi}2-test$, t-test, ANOVA. The difference was analyzed by the subjects' position and department. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The perception about the CNS system : Most of the subjects of study perceived that the introduction of CNS system was needed. And the introduction time of CNS system was demanded as fast as possible, or after special preparation. 2. The comparison of the need for the subroles of the CNS in A tertiary-affiliated hospital : The need for the subroles(0=not known, 1=not needed to 4=absolutely essential) was significantly different between medical doctors and nurses. The total mean scores for degree of need for each subole were as follows: Education 3.37, Consultant 3.34, Researcher 3.29, Direct care provider 2.86. 3. The comparison of the percent of time spent in A tertiary-affiliated hospital : The percent of time spent was significantly different between medical doctors and nurses. The total mean percent of time spent in the five subroles was as follows: Direct care provider 34.9%, Educator 23.9%, Researcher 18.9%, Consultant 12.8%, and Management/Change agent 9.5% According to the study results, suggestions were made: 1. Further study for the need of the CNS role as direct care provider is needed, after correcting the items within the narrow scope in some clinical department. 2. Development of the detail roles for the extent of autonomy is needed, and validity should be tested. And then they will be used for the basic data of the role development of the CNS.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.113-137
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• 2005

In the provisions of 'the Arbitration Law of China, there are special provisions for international arbitration. When a court refuses the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards or cancel the domestic awards relating to international arbitration, they have to adopt the provisions of 'Chinese Civil Procedure Law'. These provisions are the same as the provisions of Korean Civil Procedure Law concerning the reasons of renewal. In the Korean Arbitration Act, those provisions disappeared when it was revised on December 31, 1999. Among the characteristics of the Chinese arbitration system, a serious question is that it provides only institutional arbitration and there is no ad-hoc arbitration in the Chinese Arbitration Law. On the other hand, when the parties appoint three arbitrators according to their agreement, the parties appoint the third arbitrator by mutual agreement and when they fail to agree, the Arbitration Committee appoints the third arbitrator. In practice, as the parties hardly agree on the third arbitrator or sole arbitrator, the Committee usually appoints them. And appointing an arbitrator from out of their panel of arbitrators is permitted these days only under examination by the Arbitration Committee in accordance with the arbitration rules of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Other arbitration committees except the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission are still prohibited from making appointments from out of their panel of arbitrators. Accordingly, arbitration in China cannot be predicted and poses a question about legal stability as party autonomy is restricted in the appointment of arbitrators and arbitral procedure. Such being the case it is strongly recommended to select Korea as the place of arbitration in transactions with China. However it is better to arbitrate than to file a law suit in China.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.179-198
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• 2009

This paper aims at assessing reasonableness for restraining the independence principle in the operation of documentary credit in case of the illegality appeared in the underlying transactions. It has been a major rule under the independence principle to keep the credit operation free from the defences made by the issuing bank and/or credit applicant with a view to prevent the payment as specified under the credit. And also, it is generally accepted in the international commercial community to examine a presentation to determine, on the basis of the document alone, whether or not the documents appear on their face to constitute a complying presentation. Even though these two essences are major rules in the credit operation, if a presentation is made with the documents forged or materially fraudulent, the issuing bank can refuse to pay the documents in respect of fraud rule based on fraud exception for which a court of appropriate jurisdiction would enjoin such honour. Now we have newly come to another situation to determine whether or not we have to apply the same as fraud rule which is applicable to the illegality in the underlying contract under the new conception of illegality principle based on illegality exception. English Commercial Court handled the illegality case under the case of Mahonia Ltd., v. JP Morgan Chase Bank in 2003 and Justice Colman decided that issuing bank can rely on illegality affecting a letter of credit as an excuse for failure to pay. This judgement brought about the acceptance of illegality principle based on illegality exception as a defence to payment under a letter of credit as far as the illegality concerned in the underlying transactions. It is noticeable that this case will affect our international commercial community more to rely on the illegality in the underlying transactions as a good issue to stop payment for the issuing bank in the L/C operation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze comprehensively Jeju Self-Governing School Policy (JSSP) by using the four dimensional views of policy theory frame and to suggest its improvements. The results are as follows: First, JSSP should improve differentiation of curriculum and locality centered on local basis, wide application of the special laws, and professional accountability. Second, JSSP should improve the policy structure of educational governance and differentiated standard of students achievement assessment, resolve equity issue, and secure the self-finance of the schools. Third, JSSP should improve localization of educational administration, administrative and financial support for teachers, parent's empowerment, and students understanding of the policy, and expand principal invitation system, Fourth, JSSP should improve public relations, the roles of the Council and professionalism of assessors, and adopt efficiency approach into the assessment system.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2002

As a hospital deals with people in their particular states, namely patients, computerization and automation in organization systems are very limited. Even though state-of-the-art medical systems such as the OCS, the HIS, the EMR, and the FACS are facilitating the computerization and informatization processes, they are for convenience and effectiveness. Ultimately, however, we should depend on specialists including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and medical engineers. Therefore, a hospital is a representative labor-intensive body. Like other similar organizations, hospitals require a lot of manpower. But they are quite different in that hospital people hold variety and complexity in their qualifications and licenses. In personnel management, a hospital is twice controlled owing to the special characteristics that human life is at stake. First, the quota of medical manpower should be obeyed lest the quality of medical services should be lowered, and their roles and interrelations are even regulated. Second, in spite of the peculiarity of hospitals, the duties of obligatory employment and social insurances should not be neglected like other companies. In order that each hospital can preserve the proper level of medical services, securing the appropriate level of medical personnel has to be regulated. However, as the personnel cost is one of the important indices of hospital management, too much regulation in manpower supply can lead to poor hospital management and, in the end, the drop of the quality of medical services. In sum, as far as hospital personnel is concerned, some autonomy ought to be given to each hospital so that it can control the quality of hospital services. In addition to this minimum regulation of personnel, certain incentive and reward systems like the graded nursing system need to be prepared.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2014

This paper deals with a vision-based trajectory tracking control system for a quadrotor-type UAV for entertainment purpose in indoor environment. In contrast to outdoor flights that emphasize the autonomy to complete special missions such as aerial photographs and reconnaissance, indoor flights for entertainment require trajectory following and hovering skills especially in precision and stability of performance. This paper proposes a trajectory tracking control system consisting of a motion generation module, a pose estimation module, and a trajectory tracking module. The motion generation module generates a sequence of motions that are specified by 3-D locations at each sampling time. In the pose estimation module, 3-D position and orientation information of a quadrotor is estimated by recognizing a circular ring pattern installed on the vehicle. The trajectory tracking module controls the 3-D position of a quadrotor in real time using the information from the motion generation module and pose estimation module. The proposed system is tested through several experiments in view of one-point, multi-points, and trajectory tracking control.