• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1995

Several benefits provided by white clover (Tnifoliurn repens L.) can be elevated as relationship between its morphological and physiological characteristics is clarified. The experiment was done to analyze the relationship between them in the clover with different leaf size. Individual plants of Osceola (large leaf), Grasslands Huia (medium leaf) and Aberystwyth S184 (small leaf) were grown in 15m plastic pot containing a 1:2:1 soil:sand:Promix mixture for 55 days, and then clipped to remove all fully expanded leaves every 7, 14 or 28 days. To measure the cultivar response, plants were sampled for morphological and physiological parameters on the date (0) after final harvest and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after the final harvest and then their relationship was analyzed. Osceola had greater leaf area per trifoliolate but less no. of leaves per plant to result in similar total leaf area per plant of all cltivars. Stolon length and no. of growing tips per plant declined with smaller leaf size although the result in biomass was reverse. Stolon of all cultivars showed the greatest fluctuation in total nonstructud carbohydrate during the regrowing period but nitrogen concentrations of all their fractions and dinitrogen fixation did similar patterns. Stolon and root of Osceola, moreover, were the highest ones. Biomass, stolon length and total leaf area per plant of all cultivars were positively correlated to carbohydrate concentration of all frauions and dinitrogen fixation. In Osceola relationship between nitrogen concentration of stolon and the characters showed in Osceola was positively done.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression (MR) models were developed to predict the critical factor of safety ($F_s$) of the homogeneous finite slopes subjected to earthquake forces. To achieve this, the values of $F_s$ in 5184 nos. of homogeneous finite slopes having different slope, soil and earthquake parameters were calculated by using the Simplified Bishop method and the minimum (critical) $F_s$ for each of the case was determined and used in the development of the ANN and MR models. The results obtained from both the models were compared with those obtained from the calculations. It is found that the ANN model exhibits more reliable predictions than the MR model. Moreover, several performance indices such as the determination coefficient, variance account for, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and the scaled percent error were computed. Also, the receiver operating curves were drawn, and the areas under the curves (AUC) were calculated to assess the prediction capacity of the ANN and MR models developed. The performance level attained in the ANN model shows that the ANN model developed can be used for predicting the critical $F_s$ of the homogeneous finite slopes subjected to earthquake forces.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the Tank model in simulating runoff discharge from rural watershed in comparison to the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The model parameters of SWAT was calibrated by the shuffled complex evolution-university Arizona (SCE-UA) method while Tank model was calibrated by genetic algorithm (GA) and validated. Four dam watersheds were selected as the study areas. Hydrological data of the Water Management Information System (WAMIS) and geological data were used as an input data for the model simulation. Runoff data were used for the model calibration and validation. The determination coefficient ($R^2$), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (NSE) were used to evaluate the model performances. The result indicated that both SWAT model and Tank model simulated runoff reasonably during calibration and validation period. For annual runoff, the Tank model tended to overestimate, especially for small runoff (< 0.2 mm) whereas SWAT model underestimate runoff as compared to observed data. The statistics indicated that the Tank model simulated runoff more accurately than the SWAT model. Therefore the Tank model could be a good tool for runoff simulation considering its ease of use.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.118-118
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• 2020

This study investigates the change of flow characteristics over 10 Asian river basins in the past 30 years (1976-2005). The variation is estimated from The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model outputs based on reanalysis data which was bias-corrected for Asian monsoon reagion. The model was firstly calibrated and validated using observed data for daily streamflow. Four statistical criteria were applied to evaluate the model performance, including Coefficient of determination (R2), Nash - Sutcliffe model efficiency coeffi cient (NSE), Root mean square error-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR), and Percentage Bias (PBIAS). Then parameters of the model were applied for the historical period 1976-2005. The estimates show a temporal non-considerable increasing rate of daily streamflow in most of the basins over the past 30 years. The difference of monthly discharge becomes more significant during the months in the wet season (June to September) in all basins. The seasonal runoff shows significant difference in Summer and Autumn, when the rainfall intensity is higher. The line showing averaged runoff/rainfall ratio in all basins is sharp, presenting high variation of seasonal runoff/rainfall ratio from season to season.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.306-317
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• 2017

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) became popular platforms for the collection of remotely sensed data in the last years. This study deals with the monitoring of multi-temporal onion growth with very high resolution by means of low-cost equipment. The concept of the monitoring was estimation of multi-temporal onion growth using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological factors. For this study, UAV imagery was taken on the Changnyeong, Hapcheon and Muan regions eight times from early February to late June during the onion growing season. In precision agriculture frequent remote sensing on such scales during the vegetation period provided important spatial information on the crop status. Meanwhile, four plant growth parameters, plant height (P.H.), leaf number (L.N.), plant diameter (P.D.) and fresh weight (F.W.) were measured for about three hundred plants (twenty plants per plot) for each field campaign. Three meteorological factors included average temperature, rainfall and irradiation over an entire onion growth period. The multiple linear regression models were suggested by using stepwise regression in the extraction of independent variables. As a result, $NDVI_{UAV}$ and rainfall in the model explain 88% and 68% of the P.H. and F.W. with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.29 cm and 59.47 g, respectively. And $NDVI_{UAV}$ in the model explain 43% of the L.N. with a RMSE of 0.96. These lead to the result that the characteristics of variations in onion growth according to $NDVI_{UAV}$ and other meteorological factors were well reflected in the model.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for runoff estimation in the Nam river dam watershed. Input data for the SWAT model were established using spatial data (land use, soil, digital elevation map) and weather data. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using observed runoff data from 2003 to 2014 for three stations (Sancheong, Shinan, Changchon) within the study watershed. The $R^2$ (Determination Coefficient), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient), and RMAE (Relative Mean Absolute Error) were used to evaluate the model performance. Parameters for runoff calibration were selected based on user's manual and references and trial and error method was applied for parameter calibration. Calibration results showed that annual mean runoff were within ${\pm}5%$ error compared to observed. $R^2$ were ranged 0.64 ~ 0.75, RMSE were 2.51 ~ 4.97 mm/day, NSE were 0.48 ~ 0.65, and RMAE were 0.34 ~ 0.63 mm/day for daily runoff, respectively. The runoff comparison for three stations showed that annual runoff was higher in Changchon especially summer and winter seasons. The flow exceedance graph showed that Sancheong and Shinan stations were similar while Changchon was higher in entire fraction.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2021

최근 지구 온난화로 인한 이상 기후로 인해 과거보다 더 많은 지반공학 재해들이 발생하고 있으며, 재해들의 규모도 더욱 증대되고 있다. 최근 토목 및 건설분야에 소개된 바이오폴리머 기반 흙 처리(BPST; Biopolymer-based soil treatment) 기술은 효율적으로 흙의 강도를 증진시키면서 탄소배출이 거의 없는 친환경 지반보강법으로 알려져 있다. 특히, 아가검, 젤란검, 잔탄검과 같은 열적젤화 특성을 지닌 바이오폴리머들의 강도 증진 효과가 매우 우수함이 여러 연구를 통해 밝혀지고 있다. 하지만 바이오폴리머 함량 외에는 바이오폴리머 기반 흙 처리에서 흙의 강도 증진을 제어하는 주요 영향인자 규명에 대한 연구는 많이 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 발표된 열적젤화 바이오 폴리머 처리 흙의 불구속일축압축강도(UCS; Unconfined compressive strength) 자료에 대한 기계학습 기반 선형회귀 분석을 통해 젤란검 바이오폴리머로 처리된 흙의 강도 발현을 결정하는 주요 인자들을 분석하였다. 해석 결과, 바이오폴리머 함량과 더불어 흙 속 점토 함량이 강도 발현에 가장 중요한 인자임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2012

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr [teleomorph] is one of the most devastating diseases in rice plantation areas. Silicon is considered as a useful element for a large variety of plants. Rice variety MR219 was grown in the glasshouse to investigate the function of silicon in conferring resistance against blast. Silica gel was applied to soil while sodium silicate was used as foliar spray at the rates of 0, 60, 120, 180 g/5 kg soil and 0, 1, 2, 3 ml/l respectively. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design. Disease severity and silicon content of leaves were compared between the non-amended controls and rice plants receiving the different rates and sources of silicon. Silicon at all rates of application significantly (${\alpha}$ = 0.05) reduced the severity of disease with highest reduction (75%) recorded in treatments receiving 120 g of silica gel. SEM/EDX observations demonstrated a significant difference in weight concentration of silicon in silica cells on the leaf epidermis between silicon treated (25.79%) and non treated plants (7.87%) indicating that Si-fertilization resulted in higher deposition of Si in silica cells in comparison with non-treated plants. Application of silicon also led to a significant increase in Si contents of leaves. Contrast procedures indicated higher efficiency of silica gel in comparison to sodium silicate in almost all parameters assessed. The results suggest that mitigated levels of disease were associated with silicification and fortification of leaf epidermal cells through silicon fertilization.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.220-230
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• 1992

우리나라에서 토양(土壤) 온도(溫度)를 정규적으로 관측(觀測)하고 있는 기상청(氣象廳) 산하(傘下) 기상대(氣象臺) 및 관측소(觀測所) 관측(觀測) 노장(露長)의 토양시료(土壤試料)를 채취(採取)하여 토양(土壤)의 열전도(熱傳度) 특성(特性)과 관련이 깊은 토양(土壤)의 용적밀도(容積密度), 토성(土性), 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量) 등 물리적(物理的) 특질(特質)을 분석(分析)하였으며, 토양(土壤)의 열확산(熱擴散) 계수(係數)를 산출(算出)하였다. 기상청(氣象廳) 산하(傘下) 기상대(氣象臺) 및 관측소(觀測所) 토양(土壤)의 물리적(物理的) 특성(特性)을 조사한 결과(結果) 0-10cm의 표토(表土)는 52%가 사양토(砂壤土)였으며, 양토(壤土)와 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)가 38%, 그리고 식양토(埴壤土) 및 미사질식토(微砂質埴土)가 10%이었다. 이들 토양(土壤)의 열특성(熱特性)과 관계가 깊은 용적밀도(容積密度)는 사토(砂土)가 $1.41g/cm^3$, 양토(壤土)와 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)가 $1.33g/cm^3$, 그리고 식양토9埴壤土) 및 미사질식토(微砂質埴土)가 $1.21g/cm^3$로 토성(土性)이 미세할수록 낮은 값을 보였다. 열확산(熱擴散) 계수(係數)는 평균(平均) $3.53{\times}10^{-3}cm^3/sec$이었으며, $1.159-8.401{\times}10^{-3}cm^3/sec$의 범위에 있었다. 특히 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)이 높고 용적밀도(容積密度)가 낮은 제주도(濟州道) 토양(土壤)의 열확산(熱擴散) 계수(係數)는 표토(表土)에서 $2{\times}10^{-3}cm^3/sec$으로 다른 지역의 토양(土壤)보다 현저히 낮았다. 토심(土深) 30cm 이하(以下) 토양(土壤)의 열확산(熱擴散) 계수(係數)는 평균(平均) $6.81{\times}10^{-3}cm^3/sec$로 $1.54-16.12{\times}10^{-3}cm^3/sec$의 범위를 보여 표토(表土)보다 높았다. 열확산(熱擴散) 계수(係數)로부터 계산(計算)된 표토(表土)의 일주간(日週期) 불역심(不易深)(damping depth)은 5.92-13.65cm였으며, 깊이 30cm이하의 연주기(年週期) 불역심(不易深)은 124-342cm이었다. 한편, 실험실내(實驗室內)에서 열선막대법에 의하여 측정(測定)된 열확산9熱擴散) 계수(係數)와 용적밀도(容積密度) 및 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)과의 관계로부터 열확산(熱擴散) 계수(係數)를 추정(推定)할 수 있는 중회귀(重回歸) 모델을 이용하면 토양온도(土壤溫度)가 부족한 지점(地點)의 열확산(熱擴散) 계수(係數)를 추정(推定)할 수 있게 되었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.476-482
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 위성 SAR 영상을 이용한 초목층 정보 예측을 위해 옥수수의 생육에 따른 후방 산란 계수 변화를 분석한다. 이를 위하여 지상형 산란계 시스템을 이용하여 옥수수 밭의 후방 산란 계수를 측정하였으며, 지표면 정보를 입력변수로 한 1차 VRT(Vector Radiative Transfer) 기법을 이용하여 후방 산란 계수를 계산하여 측정값과 비교/분석한다. 그 결과, 생육 초기에는 옥수수보다 토양에서의 산란이 지배적이었으며, 옥수수의 밀도가 증가하면서 잎의 분포의 영향으로 입사각이 증가하면서 후방 산란 계수가 점차 상승하는 특징을 보였다. 측정 데이터와 1차 VRT 계산 오차는 평균 RMSE (Root Mean Square Error)가 VV-편파에서 1.32 dB이었고, HH-편파에서 0.99 dB이었다. 또한, 1차 VRT 계산을 통해 LAI (Leaf Area Index) 변화에 따른 작물과 토양에서의 산란 영향을 분석하였다.