• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2004

우리나라 점토집적층 토양의 분류체계를 보완하고 점토집적의 미세형태를 구명하기 위하여 52개 점토집적층의 모재별로 20개 토양통을 대상으로 토양 층위별로 시료를 채취하여 토양의 이화학적 특성, 토양 중점토의 광물조성과 화학성분을 분석하였다. 미세형태에 관한 분석은 토양 원상시료를 채취하여 박편을 제작한 후 편광현미경을 이용하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 점토집적층의 점토함량은 28% 이상으로 표토의 점토함량에 비하여 평균 1.33배 높았으며, 토양의 pH는 점토집적층에서 높았으나 CEC는 유기물의 감소로 점토함량이 증가함에도 불구하고 표토보다 작았다. 모든 공시토양의 점토집적층에서 피막의 점토집적현상을 관찰할 수 있었으나 3기층 유래 반곡통 토양집적층의 점토함량의 증가에도 불구하고 점토집적현상을 관찰할 수 없었다. 점토광물 종류별 이동성 정도를 보면 팽창형 2:1 광물, 비팽창형 2:1광물, 1.1형광물의 순이었다. 점토집적층에서는 점토이외에 비정질의 철 또는 망간, 불투명 광물 및 유기물이 토양공극 표면피막, 토양공극 충진, 광물입자 외부피막 형성하고 있었다. 잔적토나 붕적토에서는 점토집적층과 토양기질 사이에 경계의 발달이 뚜렷한 반면에 충적토의 점토집적층에서는 점토함량이 높은 토양기질이 오랜 기간 외부로부터 물리적인 작용을 받아 절단된 배열면이 형성되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

This study was performed to provide fundamental data to establish the new soil pollution standards and the soil contamination management plans in a rational manner. The distribution characteristics of new soil contaminants such as barium (Ba) and chromium (Cr) in soils (n=140) were investigated in relation to land-use classification and geological features. Also, the sequential extraction test was conducted to evaluate fate and mobility of new soil contaminants. The soil samples taken from 140 sites were analyzed to survey distribution levels of selected new soil contaminants. The average concentration and range for hazardous metals (Ba, Cr) were Ba 128.946 (26.757~489.587) mg/kg, Cr 30.121 (2.579~132.783) mg/kg. Based on land use classification, the highest Ba concentration was found in factory soils, followed by dry field and park soils, while Cr concentration was highest in rice paddy soils, followed by dry field and factory soils. Within 10 geological units investigated the highest Ba and Cr concentrations were observed in the soils from Okcheon group and metamorphic rocks, respectively. The BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction was conducted to identify chemical distributional existence of 2 elements of soils from each geological unit. Ba in soils is mainly assumed to exists as reducible form (such as BaSO₄, BaCO₃) and Cr in soils mainly is assumed to exist as residual form (such as Cr₂O₃, Cr_xFe_1-x(OH)₃(x < 1)).

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2006

중부 서해안에 분포하는 염해답으로 분류되어 있는 토양에서 간척 후 경작년대의 진척에 따른 토양 특성변화를 구명하고, Soil Taxonomy 분류에 따른 문제점을 검토하며, 염해답에서의 제염 소요년수를 추정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 간척년대가 오래될수록 토색이 밝아지고, 층위가 발달되며, 토양구조의 형성이 진전되는 경향이며, EC는 감소되는 경향이었다. 2. 식양질인 포승통의 경우 분류기준에 따라 분석한 결과를 Salic 층위를 가지고 있는 것으로 판단되었으며, 광활통 등 사양질 토양의 경우에는 아군단위에서의 sodic 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 3. Soil Taxonomy 분류기준을 적영하여 분석하였을때에는 식양질 토양에서는 간척년대가 지속되어도 Na 함량이 기준 이하로 떨어지지 않았으며, 사양질 토양에서는 재배를 시작한지 76된 김제시 광활면 지역에 분포하는 토양에서만 Na 함량이 기준 이하로 떨어져 사질답이라 할 수 있었다. 4. 이용 측면에서 염농도의 피해 기준을 dSmX로 판단할 때 식양질토양은 제염이 되는데 약 108년정도가 소요되었으며 사양질 토양에서는 12년 정도가 소요되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.443-448
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• 1990

식품산업에 많이 이용되고 있는 인공색소를 천연색소로 대치할 방안의 하나로 청자색 색소를 분비하는 균주를 분리 동정하였다. 토양에서 분리한 Streptomyces 중 청자색 색소를 분비하는 균주인 strain KS-89를 분리하여 그 형태학적, 생물학적 특성을 Bergey's manual, Nonomura's classification, Pridhan 및 Lyons classification으로 비교한결과 수용성 청자색 색소를 분비하는 Streptomyces californicus KS-89로 확인 동정되었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.10-13
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• 2004

Hyperspectral data has a great advantage to classify various surface materials that are spectrally similar. In this study, we attempted to classify man-made materials in urban area using Hyperion data. Hyperion imagery of Seoul was initially processed to minimize radiometric distortions caused by sensor and atmosphere. Using color aerial photographs. we defined seven man-made surfaces (concrete, asphalt road. railroad, buildings, roof, soil, shadow) for the classification in Seoul. The hyperspectral data showed the potential to identify those manmade materials that were difficult to be classified by multispectral data. However. the classification of road and buildings was not quite satisfactory due to the relatively low spatial resolution of Hyperion image. Further, the low radiometric quality of Hyperion sensor was another limitation for the application in urban area.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.999-1012
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• 2003

본 논문의 목적은 위성영상 피복분류항목에 대해 통계적 접근법으로부터 산정된 유출곡선지수(CN)를 이용하여 계산 유효우량과 관측 유효우량을 비교함으로써 그 적용성을 검토하는데 있다. 검정을 위한 적용대상지역은 경안천 수위지점 상류유역, 백옥포 수위지점 상류유역, 괴산댐 수위지점 상류유역으로 선정하였으며 각 지역별로 4개의 홍수사상을 선정하였다. CN 값 산정을 위해 2000년에 획득된 Landsat-7 ETM 영상을 이용하여 토지이용도를 구축하였으며 개략토양도로부터 수문학적 토양군을 구축하였다. 유역평균 CN 값은 대상지역별로 71, 63, 66으로 나타났으며 계산 유효우량과 관측 유효우량의 비교결과 약30% 이내의 일정수준의 오차를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 위성영상을 이용하여 미계측 유역의 CN 값 산정시 본 논문 I에서 개발한 CN 값을 적용함으로서 기존의 방법에 비해 보다 객관적인 값을 제시해줄 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

Forest degradation reduces ecosystem services provided by forest and could lead to change in composition of species. In North Korea, there has been significant forest degradation due to conversion of forest into terrace fields for food production and cut-down of forest for fuel woods. This study analyzed the phenological changes in North Korea, in terms of vegetation and moisture in soil and vegetation, from March to Octorber 2013, using MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images and indexes including NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDSI (Normalized Difference Soil Index), and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index). In addition, marginal farmland was derived using elevation data. Lastly, degraded terrace fields of 16 degree was analyzed using NDVI, NDSI, and NDWI indexes, and marginal farmland characteristics with slope variable. The accuracy value of land cover classification, which shows the difference between the observation and analyzed value, was 84.9% and Kappa value was 0.82. The highest accuracy value was from agricultural (paddy, field) and forest area. Terrace fields were easily identified using slope data form agricultural field. Use of NDVI, NDSI, and NDWI is more effective in distinguishing deforested terrace field from agricultural area. NDVI only shows vegetation difference whereas NDSI classifies soil moisture values and NDWI classifies abandoned agricultural fields based on moisture values. The method used in this study allowed more effective identification of deforested terrace fields, which visually illustrates forest degradation problem in North Korea.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-66
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• 1985

Korea needs proper and rational public policies on conservation and use of forest land and other natural resources because of the accelerating expansion of national land developments in recent years. Unfortunately, there is no systematic planning system to support the needs. Generally, forest land use planning needs suitability analysis based on efficient land classification system. The goal of this study was to classify a forest land using multivariate satistical methods. A case study was carried out in winter of 1983 on a mountainous area higher than 100m above sea level located at Mt. Kwanak in Anyang -city, Kyung-gi-do (province). The study area was 19.80 km$^2$wide and was divided into 1, 383 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's) by a 120m$\times$120m grid. Fourteen descriptors were identified and quantified for each OTU from existing national land data : elevation, slope, aspect, terrain form, geologic material, surface soil permeability, topsoil type, depth of the solum, soil acidity, forest cover type, stand size class, stand age class, stand density class, and simple forest soil capability class. For this study, a FORTRAN IV program was written for input and output map data, and the computer statistics packages, SPSS and BMD, were used to perform the multivariate statistical analysis. Fourteen variables were analyzed to investigate the characteristics of their fire quench distribution and to estimate the correlation coefficients among them. Principal component analysis was executed to find the dimensions of forest land characteristics, and factor scores were used for proper samples of OTU throughout the study area. In order to develop the classes of forest land classification based on 102 surrogates, cluster and discriminant analyses of principal descriptor variable matrix were undertaken. Results obtained through a series of multivariate statistical analyses were as follows ; 1) Principal component analysis was proved to be a useful tool for data selection and identification of principal descriptor variables which represented the characteristics of forest land and facilitated the selection of samples.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2016

In this paper, based on understanding the design theories on soil stabilization, a series of soil stabilizers were prepared with different kinds of industrial wastes such as calcined coal gangue (CCG), blast furnace slag (SS), steel slag (SL), carbide slag (CS), waste alkali liquor (JY), and phosphogypsum (PG). The results indicated that when the Portland cement (PC) proportion was lower than 20% in the stabilizer, for the soil sample selected from Wuhan (WT) and Beijing (BT), the unconfined compress strength (UCS) of the stabilized soil specimens could increase 4.8 times and 5.4 times respectively than that of the specimens stabilized only by PC; compared with the UCS of the specimen stabilized only by PC, the UCS of the specimen which was made from soil sample WT and stabilized by the stabilizer composed only by CCG, CS, and PG increased 1.5 times, and UCS of the specimen which was made from soil sample BT and stabilized by the stabilizer composed only by SS, JY, and PG increased 4.5 times.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop a parcel-unit soil loss estimation tool embedded in Excel worksheet, USLExls, required for the design of contaminated farmland restoration project and to analyze the impact of the project carried out soil-filling work on soil loss. USLE method was adopted for the estimation of average annual soil loss in a parcel unit, and each erosivity factor in the USLE equation was defined through the review of previous studies. USLExls was implemented to allow an engineer to try out different combinations just by selecting one among the popular formulas by each factor at a combo box and to simply update parameters by using look-up tables. This study applied it to the estimation of soil loss before and after soil-filling work at Dong-a project area. The average annual soil loss after the project increased by about 2.4 times than before on average, and about 60 % of 291 parcels shifted to worse classes under the classification criteria proposed by Kwak (2005). Although average farmland steepness was lower thanks to land grading work, the soil loss increased because the inappropriate texture of the cover soil induced the soil erosion factor K to increase from 0.33 before to 0.78 after the soil-filling work. The results showed that the selection of cover soil for soil-filling work should be carefully considered in terms soil loss control and the estimation of change in soil loss should be mandatory in planning a contaminated farmland restoration project.