• 한방비만학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to identify the efficacy and safety of ephedra and green tea mesotherapy on localized fat. Methods : Twenty-five healthy $20{\sim}35$ year overweight women (body mass $index{\geq}23kg/m^2$) were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups : experimental(mahuang and green tea) group (n=13), placebo(Normal saline) group (n=12). Total 8 times of herbarl mesotherapy treatment were performed once per week, 4 times were performed on right thigh (1st period), after wash-out for 1 week, the other 4 times were performed on left thigh (2nd period) without any modification of diet or exercise. Body composition, thigh circumferences were measured at each period before and after the intervention. Subcutaneous fat was measured by CT scan at before and after the 1st period of intervention and free fatty acid(FFA) was measured immediately before 1st intervention, 1 hour later, 24 hours later, and 7 days later. Satisfaction score and adverse events were evaluated. Results : In the subcutaneous fat, there were no significances, but in the circumferences. Experimental group had significant change when compared with placebo group (p<0.05). In FFA, experimental group has significant elevation at after 1 hour (p<0.05) evaluation. There were no serious adverse events in both groups. Conclusions : Experimental group had some significant findings in circumference, FFA, and had no serious adverse events comparing with placebo group, and no serious adverse events have been reported in both group. Mesotherapy with herb have a possibility of treating localized fat

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of acupuncture therapy when applied to patients who are undergoing anticoagulants / antiplatelet medication therapy combined with herbal medicine using a retrospective, case-control study. Methods : 428 charts of patients were reviewed in this study. Odds ratio between case of bleeding-related adverse event and control was calculated as main analysis. Exposures were anticoagulants / antiplatelet medication, Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine and combination of both drugs. Additionally, odds ratios were calculated according to the severity of bleeding-related adverse events. Results : The results were as following: 1. Analysis of all bleeding-related adverse events showed there was no increased risk of combined therapy compared with other exposures and control group. 2. Analysis of only clinically significant adverse events showed there was no increased risk of combined therapy compared with other exposure and control group. 3. Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine group showed a tendency of increased risk of bleeding-related adverse events in all analysis but was not statistically significant. Conclusions : The results suggest that Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine-anticoagulant / antiplatelet medication combined therapy may not increase risk of bleeding-related adverse events in acupuncture therapy. By executing various modules of analysis, it was possible to acquire useful data for possible future studies. Further research is needed to confirm such results.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the asymmetry of the reaction forces on lower limbs between dominant and nondominant sides during sit-to-stand movement in normal subjects. Fourteen normal subjects ($22.6{\pm}2.3yrs$, all men) participated in this study. To measure the reaction forces during sit-to-stand movement, two force plates were mounted on the ground and one dual top force plate was mounted on a chair. Five events(movement onset, max thigh reaction force, transition, max hip angle, seat off) were determined from the reaction force and joint angle trajectories. For each of thigh, foot, and total reaction forces, two-way ANOVA was performed with the events and sides as factors. Also investigated was the leg asymmetry expressed as the ratio of the reaction forces of dominant and nondominant sides. The significance of asymmetry was investigated and two-way ANOVA was performed with the events and body parts(foot, thigh and total) as factors. Thigh reaction force and total reaction force showed interaction of events and leg sides(p < 0.01). Post-hoc comparisons showed they were different between sides at the latter stage(transition, max hip angle, and seat off events) (p < 0.01). Asymmetry was also significant at the latter stage(transition, max hip angle, and seat off events) (p < 0.01). Interaction of events and body parts on asymmetry was significant(p < 0.01) and asymmetry was greater in thigh reaction forces than total and foot reaction forces at the events of the latter stage(p < 0.01). The results suggest that asymmetry exist in normal subject and should be fully considered when investigating sit-to-stand strategy of patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2020

Objective : Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage is a life-threatening disease, and non-lesional spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (nIPH) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are the leading causes of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. Only a few studies have assessed the association between prior physical activity or triggering events and the occurrence of nIPH or aSAH. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of specific physical activities and triggering events in the occurrence of nIPH and aSAH. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 824 consecutive patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage between January 2010 and December 2018. Among the 824 patients, 132 patients were excluded due to insufficient clinical data and other etiologies of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. The medical records of 692 patients were reviewed, and the following parameters were assessed : age, sex, history of hypertension, smoking, history of stroke, use of antiplatelet or anticoagulation agents, season and time of onset, physical activities performed according to the metabolic equivalents, and triggering event at onset. Events that suddenly raised the blood pressure such as sudden postural changes, defecation or urination, sexual intercourse, unexpected emotional stress, sauna bath, and medical examination were defined as triggering events. These clinical data were compared between the nIPH and aSAH groups. Results : Both nIPH and aSAH most commonly occurred during non-strenuous physical activity, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.524). Thirty-two patients (6.6%) in the nIPH group and 39 patients (8.1%) in the aSAH group experienced triggering events at onset, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.034). The most common triggering events were defecation or urination in both groups. Conclusion : Specific physical activity dose no affect the incidence of nIPH and aSAH. The relationship between the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage and triggering events is higher in aSAH than nIPH.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2017

During the last glacial-interglacial transition, there were multiple intense climatic events such as the Bølling-Allerød warming and Younger Dryas cooling. These events show abrupt and rapid climatic changes. In this study, the climate events and cycles during this interval are examined through wavelet analysis of Arctic and Antarctic ice-core $^{18}O$ and tropical marine $^{14}C$ records. The results show that periods of ~1383-1402, ~1029-1043, ~726-736, ~441-497 and ~202-247 years are dominant in the Arctic region, whereas periods of ~1480, ~765, ~518, ~311, and ~207 years are prominent in the Antarctic TALDICE. In addition, cycles of ~1019, ~515, and ~209 years are distinct in the tropical region. Among these variations, the de Vries cycle of ~202-209 years, correlated with variations in solar activity, was detected globally. In particular, this cycle shows a strong signal in the Antarctic between about 13,000 and 10,500 yr before present (BP). In contrast, the Eddy cycle of ~1019-1043 years was prominent in Greenland and the tropical region, but was not detected in the Antarctic TALDICE records. Instead, these records showed that the Heinrich cycle of ~1480 year was very strong and significant throughout the last glacial-interglacial interval.

• 대기
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2015

The sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), which is characterized by an abrupt increase of polar stratospheric temperature by several tens of degrees in a week, has been known to affect tropospheric weather and climate on sub-seasonal time scale in the boreal winter. Such downward coupling has been often examined in North Atlantic and Europe, but rarely examined in East Asia. In this study, by applying the two definitions of SSW to the reanalysis data, the possible impacts of the SSW events on the surface air temperature (SAT) and tropospheric circulation in East Asia are analyzed. It is found that Eurasian continent, including Siberia and the Northeast Asia, tends to experience anomalously cold SAT for up to sixty days after the SSW events. The resulting SAT anomalies largely resemble those associated with negative Artic Oscillation. However, over East Asia, SSW-related SAT change is weak and not statistically significant. Only during the extreme SSW events when the downward coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere is strong, East Asia exhibits significantly cold SAT anomalies. This relationship is presented by grouping SSW events into those followed by cold SAT anomalies over East Asia and those by warm anomalies for varying threshold values of the SSW events.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among perceived mothers'psychological control, affectionate-rational parenting and children's attributional style. The main and interaction effects of psychological control, affectionate-rational parenting on children's attributional style were also explored. Methods: The participants of this study were 253 children from elementary schools located in Seoul and Incheon. Data were analyzed through Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression using SPSS 22.0. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows. First, children's attributional style for negative events was positively associated with psychological control but negatively associated with affectionate-rational parenting. Moreover, attributional style for positive events was positively associated with only affectionate-rational parenting. Second, affectionate-rational parenting significantly influenced children's attributional style for both negative events and positive events. Finally, significant interaction effects of psychological control and affectionate-rational parenting on children's attributional style for negative events were observed. Conclusion/Implications: This study revealed that mothers' psychological control and affectionate-rational parenting are important factors in explaining children's attributional style. Such results could be used as an effective resource in developing parent education programs or intervention programs for attributional style.

• 한류연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

This study analyzes the historical events that shaped South Korean Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and its value to businesspeople. Chapter 2 reviews South Korean FDI literature, highlighting critical studies and a research gap. Chapter 3 strategically separates findings into four major historical events. Every event-from economic liberalization to technical advances-is studied. Chapter 5 offers valuable insights and guidance on how these events affect practitioners. The following chapters aim to promote FDI dynamics understanding and enable businesses and governments to make strategic decisions in South Korea's dynamic economy. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) history in Korea is significant for practitioners. These events have impacted the nation's economy from the 1960s economic liberalization to modern technology advances. Practitioners must understand these events' far-reaching implications to make informed decisions. The opening up of the economy, chaebols' involvement, financial crises, and high-tech industry emphasis provide excellent lessons. This understanding helps practitioners navigate the global economy, adapt, and be resilient for sustainable economic growth in the Republic of Korea. Thus, practitioners should actively advocate for FDI and economic growth policies with government agencies. Collaboration ensures that the government's strategic vision matches industry practitioners' requirements and goals. By working together, practitioners help create policies that make Korea more appealing to international investors.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2023

본 연구는 긍정정서사건을 중심으로 임상간호사의 간호업무성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 관계를 검증하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 2차 및 3차 종합병원의 간호사 275명이다. 자료수집은 눈덩이 표집을 통한 온라인 설문조사로 2021년 5월부터 두 달간 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 SPSS 26.0과 AMOS 26.0을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 긍정정서사건(β=.65, p<.001)과 긍정정서(β=.10, p=.038)는 직무만족에 직접효과가 있었고 직무만족은 간호업무성과에 유의한 직접효과가 있었다(β=.47, p<.001). 긍정정서사건(β=.32, p=.003)과 긍정정서(β=.05, p=.039)는 간호업무성과에 유의한 간접효과가 있었으며 이는 간호업무성과에 대해 22%의 설명력을 가졌다. 하지만 감정노동은 유의한 효과가 없었다. 긍정정서사건과 긍정정서는 직무만족 증진으로 이어지며 간호업무성과 수준을 높이게 된다. 따라서 간호업무성과 향상을 위해서는 긍정적인 작업환경 조성과 긍정정서를 촉진할 수 있는 교육기회와 중재마련이 필요하다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Past literatures have not studied the impact of real-world events or information on the return and volatility of virtual currencies, particularly on the COVID-19 event, day-of-the-week effect, daily high-low price spreads and information flow rate. The study uses the ARMA-GARCH model to capture Bitcoin's return and conditional volatility, and explores the impact of information flow rate on conditional volatility in the Bitcoin market based on the Mixture Distribution Hypothesis (Clark, 1973). There were 3,064 samples collected during the period from 1^st of January 2012 to 20^th April, 2020. Empirical results show that in the Bitcoin market, a daily high-low price spread has a significant inverse relationship for daily return, and information flow rate has a significant positive relationship for condition volatility. The study supports a significant negative relationship between information asymmetry and daily return, and there is a significant positive relationship between daily trading volume and condition volatility. When Bitcoin trades on Saturday & Sunday, there is a significant reverse relationship for conditional volatility and there exists a day-of-the-week volatility effect. Under the impact of COVID-19 event, Bitcoin's condition volatility has increased significantly, indicating the risk of price changes. Finally, the Bitcoin's return has no impact on COVID-19 events and holidays (Saturday & Sunday).