• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2010

Purpose: Reduction mammaplasty is a procedure with a relatively high patient satisfaction rate, however, associated scarring around the areola can be a serious problem. This study proposes a new modification of the breast reduction procedure by means of an inframammary incision alone. Methods: The breast is marked out preoperatively with standing position. Under the general anesthesia, an inframammary incision of approximately 7 - 8 cm is done. The subcutaneous plane is made in the lower pole of the breast, then the subglandular plane is entered and a sharp dissection is made up to 2 cm below the areola. The breast is mobilized from the chest wall and a cone-shaped parenchyme is removed in en-block except from the retroareolar central part. The remaining both pillars are gathered together with absorbable sutures and the base of the gland is narrowed to project the breast forward. The wound is closed in a layered fashion and taping of the breast mound is applied to redistribute the breast skin. Results: 21 patients (36 breasts) underwent this procedure from December 2004 to December 2009. Average follow up was 9 months (ranged from 6 months to 12 months). No major complication occurred. Most patients were pleased with the breast size, shape, and scars. However, 2 patients complained their hypertrophic scars which were corrected by revision. Conclusion: This technique is a simple approach to mild to moderate breast reduction through an inframammary incision alone. And, this technique provides an option with minimal complications and invisible scarring, which is especially important in the young patient group.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.345-359
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• 2008

An experimental investigation of the flow over the rectangular body located in close proximity to a ground board was reported using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The present experiments were conducted in a closed-loop open surface water channel with the Reynolds number, $Re_H=1.2{\times}10^4$ based on the model height. In addition to the PIV measurements, flow visualization studies were also carried out. The PIV technique provided instantaneous and time-averaged velocity vectors map, vorticity contours, streamline topology and turbulent quantities at various locations in the near wake. In the vertical symmetry plane, the upperbody flow is separated from the sharp top leading edge of the model and formed a large reverse flow region on the upper surface of the model. The flow structure downstream of the model has asymmetric double vortices. In the horizontal symmetry plane, identical separated flow regions occur on both vertical side walls and a pair of primary recirculatory bubbles dominates the wake region.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2006

In this paper, TE(transverse electric) scattering problems by a resistive strip grating on a grounded dielectric plane according to the strip width and grating period, the relative permittivity and thickness of dielectric layer, and incident angles of a TE plane wave are analyzed by applying the FGMM(Fourier-Galerkin Moment Method) known as a numerical procedure. The induced surface current density is simply expanded in a Fourier series by using the exponential function as a simple function. The reflected power gets increased according as the relative permittivity and thickness of dielectric multilayers gets increased, the sharp variations of the reflected power are due to resonance effects were previously called wood's anomallies[7]. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the numerical results of normalized reflected power for the uniform resistivity R = 0 as a conductive strip case show in good agreement with those in the existing paper.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 1991

In the study of the focal trough of panoramic radiograph using Panoura Eight-S (the Yoshida company), a series of 63 X-ray films were taken with the 8-19 metal pins placed in the holes of the plastic model plate and evaluated by 4 observers. The author analized the focal trough defined by the sharpness criteria and calculated dimension of focal trough in the horizontal plane. The results were as follows; 1. Focal trough was not continued in the anterior region within a very high degree of sharpness. 2. With optional sharpness, the width of anterior and posterior focal trough was approximately l3㎜ and 60㎜ respectively. 3. The focal trough was narrow in the anterior region and was flared laterally with symmetry in posterior region. 4. Sharp image began to show at the position of 18㎜ posteriorly from the most anterior position of chin rest.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1250-1256
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 수치계산의 불안정성 때문에 과거 고차 정확도 유한차분법 들로 수치계산하기 어려웠던 날카로운 돌출부 위를 흐르는 난류유동현상을 ASQUICK 차분법으로 수치해석하고 그 수렴해를 얻음으로써 수치계산의 안정성을 확인하며 수치계산 결과를 HYBRID차분법에 의한 수치해석치 및 재순환난류유동의 특성치라 할 수 있는 재순환영역길이 실험치와 상호비교함으로써 수치계산의 정확도 향상효과를 확인하고자 한다. 더불어 수치계산의 수렴과정에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 잘 알려 져 있는 속도 압력교정법으로써의 PISO법을 ASQUICK차분법과 함께 사용해 PISO-ASQU- ICK조합의 유용성을 확인하고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.2973-2980
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• 1996

Secondary instability in an obstructed channel is investigated using direct numerical simulation. Flow geometry under consideration is a plane channel with two-dimensional thin obstacles mounted symmetrically in the vertical direction and periodically in the streamwise direction. Flow separation occurs at the tip of the sharp obstacles. As a basic flow, we consider an unsteady periodic solution which results from Hopf bifurcation. Depending on the Reynolds number, the basic flow becomes unstable to three-dimensional disturbances, which results in a chaotic flow. Numerical results obtained are consistent with experimental findings currently available.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2002

The Z-map is a special farm of discrete non-parametric representation in which the height values at grid points on the xy-plane are stored as a 2D array z[ij]. While the z-map is the simplest farm of representing sculptured surfaces and is the most versatile scheme for modeling non-parametric objects, its practical application in industry (eg, tool-path generation) has aroused much controversy over its weaknesses, namely its inaccuracy, singularity (eg, vertical wall), and some excessive storage needs. Much research or the application of the z-map can be found in various articles, however, research on the systematic analysis of sculptured surface shape representation via the z-map model is rather rare. Presented in this paper are the following: shape modeling power of the simple z-map model, exact (within tolerance) z-map representation of sculptured surfaces which have some feature-shapes such as vertical-walls and real sharp-edges by adopting some complementary z-map models, and some application examples.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.414-421
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• 1988

Concerning the operative technique for the relief of discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis, emphasis by some authors has been placed on the superiority of blunt dissection in the enucleation of the entire, obstructing structure such as membranous or fibrous ring stenosis compared with the conventional resection by sharp dissection technique. Here report a case operated applying the technique of blunt dissection, analogous to endarterectomy, which resulted in good clinical improvement. The technique is such that the tissue causing obstruction is peeled off the ventricular septum along the plane of cleavage using a dissector, starting under the commissure between right and left coronary cusps. As for the origin of stenosis this case imply a possibility of different mechanism of etiology evidenced by that the tissue removed consisted of elastic fibers only.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.429-438
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• 2015

The objective of this paper is to obtain sharp upper bound for the second Hankel functional associated with the $k^{th}$ root transform $[f(z^k)]^{\frac{1}{k}}$ of normalized analytic function f(z) when it belongs to the class of starlike and convex functions with respect to symmetric points, defined on the open unit disc in the complex plane, using Toeplitz determinants.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07d
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• pp.1478-1480
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• 1997

We investigated the breakdown characteristic of mineral oil according to applied voltage and tip radius. In this experiment, electrode system was point-plane geometry. The tip radius of needle was 5, 10, 20 and $25{\mu}m$, respectively. Applied voltage was AC and DC. We measured breakdown voltage for each tip radius with increasing electrode gap, 2mm to 10mm. Under nonuniform electric field, breakdown strength was higher when needle was negative than when needle was positive. Because it is polarity effects due to space charge. And the more sharp tip radius, whether we applied AC or DC, the higher breakdown strength. As tip radius increase, breakdown strength decreases exponentially.