• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.413-422
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• 2015

This study is conducted for the purpose of conceptualizing a choral communication model. first, the musical communication models analyzed to know how it can apply in the choral music. As a result, we take the music communication is the interaction between composers, performers and audience. But the choral music have properties not found in the general music. The choral music is the need for internal communication process before performing music. First, the conductor is to interpret the music. Next, choral members are shared the interpretation of music. This internal communication be conducted properly, musical communication with the audience will be successful. The trial model provided for in this study will be a guideline for successful communication in the choral music, theoretically or practically.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.104-113
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• 2005

Large inversions are well characterized in the chloroplast genomes of land plants. In contrast, reports of small inversions are rare and involve limited plant groups. In this study, we report the widespread occurrence of small inversions ranging from 5 to 50 bp in fully and partially sequenced chloroplast genomes of both monocots and dicots. We found that small inversions were much more common than large inversions. The small inversions were scattered over the chloroplast genome including the IR, SSC, and LSC regions. Several small inversions were uncovered in chloroplast genomes even though they shared the same overall gene order. The majority of these small inversions were located within 100 bp downstream of the 3' ends of genes. All had inverted repeat sequences, ranging from 11 to 24 bp, at their ends. Such small inversions form stem-loop hairpin structures that usually have the function of stabilizing the corresponding mRNA molecules. Intra-molecular recombination between the inverted sequences in the stem-forming regions are responsible for generating flip-flop orientations of the loops. The presence of two different orientations of the stem-loop in the trnL-F noncoding region of a single species of Jasminum elegans suggests that a short inversion can be generated within a short period of time. Small inversions of non-coding sequences may influence sequence alignment and character interpretation in phylogeny reconstructions, as shown in nine species of Jasminum. Many small inversions may have been generated by parallel or back mutation events during chloroplast genome evolution. Our data indicate that caution is needed when using chloroplast non-coding sequences for phylogenetic analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.208-222
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• 2015

Competition among local governments in a competitive global festival and the festival is going to become the intensify regional strategies as enabled by the improved local image production and has been a symbol of the festival and each municipality is competitive. Is required as a symbol for the symbol can be passed to the consumer in this situation differentiated festive images efficient communication studies on the character. When viewed as a symbolic sign for the character representation of activities for the festival, Can provide a logical framework that is distinct from the idea of a character who relies on intuition and the creative semiotics. In this research paper a semiotic analysis of the character and the character string to enhance communication efficiency concept, Festival effect, we analyzed the correlation of the local culture. Empirical analysis of consumer images, Shared on the basis of empirical results to the consumer means, the paper shows that the influence of each of the other factors is reflected in the character according to the signifier local cultural characteristics and a character region on the concept of a character form culture semiotics interpretation element influences the guidelines of the characters that may be produced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.343-353
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• 2003

In this research, the fashion images, which expressed the same theme during the same season in four different fashion collections, were interpreted as emotional characteristics stemming from different factors according to the emotions and images of the regions where the collections were held. The theme, futurism appeared to be hackneyed and oppressive in Paris fashion which emphasized artistic representation of the theme. And futurism appeared to be expressed to be dazzling, unnatural in London fashion which was innovative and avant-garde. And the New York fashion, which accentuated practical, sportive, and elegant styles created active and graceful image about the futurism and the Milan fashion showed the balanced mixture of the three cities' images above. It is interpreted that our domestic fashion consumers think artistic, formative, original, and emotional images as hackneyed and oppressive. On the other hand, they feel comfortable, cheerful, unaffected and graceful about the images that are functional (rather than artistic), sportive, and moderately elegant. And the innovative and avant-garde images like the ones in London collection seem to make people feel unnatural, dazzled, and even depressed. In short, domestic fashion consumers think that the excessive, innovative, original, and formative fashion images appeared I London and Paris are hackneyed and dark rather than artistic, original, or dynamic. On the contrary, the moderate, practical, sportive and elegant New York images and the Milan's which equally showed the three cities' characteristics are regarded as comfortable, elegant, bright, and positive. This result indicates that the fashion market in certain regions seek shared fashion trends and the difference between the regions reflects the different interpretation of fashion themes.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.264-279
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• 2023

The 50th anniversary of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention was in 2022. In order to reflect on the present and future of the meaning of World Heritage, this paper examines the development and changes of the UNESCO World Heritage system. After promulgating the convention in 1972, the UNESCO World Heritage system prioritized the protection of heritage sites in the world that were at risk due to armed conflicts and natural disasters to bequeath heritage to the next generation. In addition, the UNESCO World Heritage's emphasis on Outstanding Universal Value represents the particular culture of human beings formed during a certain period of time, and acts as a significant source of soft power in public diplomacy. The UNESCO World Heritage might be perceived as a shared heritage that has not only become a channel to understand various national values, but also an effective medium to convey one of UNESCO's main principles, that is, peacebuilding. However, the UNESCO World Heritage is now at the center of conflicts of heritage interpretation between many stakeholders related to invisible wars, such as cultural wars, memory wars, and history wars as the social, political, and cultural contexts concerning World Heritage have dramatically shifted with the passing of time. Paying attention to such changing contexts, this paper seeks to understand the main developments in UNESCO World Heritage's discourse concerning changes to the World Heritage Operation Guidelines and heritage experts' meetings by dividing its 50-year history into five phases. Next, this paper analyzes the main shifts in keywords related to UNESCO World Heritage through UNESDOC, which is a platform on which all UNESCO publications are available. Finally, this paper discusses three main changes of UNESCO World Heritage: 1) changes in focus in World Heritage inscriptions, 2) changes in perception of World Heritage protection, and 3) changes of view on the role of the stakeholders in World Heritage. It suggests new emerging issues regarding heritage interpretation and ethics, climate change, and human rights.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.317-345
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• 2020

The dissolution and reconstruction of the male-centered social structure is being requested, but the Korean church still call on women and understand women's roles by limiting them based on traditional 'normal family ideology' and matherhood discourse. However, considering women's various aspects of life, life cycle, and individuality, confining women to existing biological maternal discourse is not suitable to help women grow as subjective leaders and contribute to society. The Korean church needs to find a new curriculum that encourages women to form subjective beliefs. In the life of Christian women of the period of port-opening, we can examine the process of the Korean Christian women establishing the subjectivity of the challenges of Protestant theology, which included stereotypes, gender division of labor, and matherhood discourse. Korean Christian women shared the oppressive experiences of traditional patriarchy after passing silent and receptive perceptions, forming a subjective perception of their injustice and seeking liberation. And it was able to act as a subject of faith by forming a procedural and constructive awareness within a sympathetic and relational community. The Korean church should reconstruct the Christian women's curriculum by reflecting on the curriculum that women formed themselves over 100 years ago.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.54-68
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• 2009

This study is to examine the structural relationships between relationship learning, their antecedents such as transaction specific assets, and environmental uncertainty, and long-term orientation, overall satisfaction and recontracting intention in the context of the foodservice franchise industry. The data is analyzed with structural equation modeling with Amos 5.0 and SPSS 14.0. The result of the overall model analysis appeared as follows: $x^2=57.75$, df=9, p=0.00, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.81, RMSR=0.03, NFI=0.92, CFI=0.93. Since the result of the overall model analysis demonstrated a good fit, we could further analyze our data. The results of this study are as follows: First, information sharing of relationship learning had a significantly positive effect on long-term orientation. Second, information sharing of relationship learning did not have a significantly positive effect on overall satisfaction. Third, shared interpretation of relationship learning had a significantly positive effect on long-term orientation and overall satisfaction. Fourth, developing memories of relationship learning did not have a significantly positive effect on long-term orientation and overall satisfaction. Fifth, overall satisfaction had a significantly positive effect on long-term orientation. Sixth, long-term orientation and overall satisfaction had a significantly positive effect on recontracting intention. Finally, transaction specific assets and environmental uncertainty had a significantly positive effect on relationship learning. At the end of this paper, limitations, further research directions, and implications are suggested.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.6
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• pp.321-357
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• 2004

In this article the structure of modern Russian humor is analyzed on the basis of some theories: bi-sociation theory (Koestler 1964), semantic script theory of verbal humor, using the concept of semantic presupposition, pragmatic felicity condition (Searle 1969; Levinson 1983) and grammatical rules (Chomsky 1965). Up to now the listed former theories were not examined and less analyzed by the semantic structure in the study of the structure of Russian humor(HcaeBa 1969; 3 $a_{OPHOB}$ 1991; 1992). Kreps (1981), who analyzed the works of Zoschenko, presented 21 types of humor, using the term 'humoreme'(Kpenc 1981, 36-37). These types are the list of the available means of humor that work not in the base of semantic criteria, but in the base of means of literary rhetoric. Kreps presented types of humor means, such as contradiction, antonymic substitution, macaronic speech and correlation of humoremes in the various types of humor. Apart from Kreps, Manakov (MaHaKOB 1986, 61-79) also studied these problems. He also set the system of the basic types of humor. Manakov introduced the linguistic means of humor of some Russian writers: Gogol, Tchechov. The means that Manakov showed with detailed examples, are trope, epithet, comic comparison, comic metaphor, comic periphrasis, euphemism, pun, zeugma, comic toponym, comic onomatopoeia, mania of foreign vocabulary, folk etymology, dialect etc. But these studies don't explain why these means make the works humorous. An, B.p tried to answer this question (안병팔 1997 a; b). An B.p. explains contexts of humor through the Release theory, the Superiority theory and the Incongruity theory. An, B.p. explained the process of deviation from the grammatical norms through morpho-syntactic and lexical means. But in these studies the humor was not analyzed by the semantic criteria. In order to linguistically evaluate various means of humor formation, it is necessary to elicit its deep structure, which makes it possible to research the formation and interpretation of humor. For this purpose this article, being based on the Incongruity theory, defined the structure of humor as negation of presupposition. Of course the former traditional studies also well shared the concept of 'contradiction' and 'contrast' of humor structure, but they didn't explain the structure by semantic differential features. This study, analyzing the works of' Zadornov, M., tried to note that through the negation of semantic presupposition the structure of contradiction is formed with semantic differential features on the semantic, syntactic or lexical dimensions.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2020

In this paper, we developed a big data platform to store, process, and analyze effectively on such education longitudinal study data. And it was applied to the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study(SELS) to confirm its usefulness. The developed platform consists of data preprocessing unit and data analysis unit. The data preprocessing unit 1) masking, 2) converts each item into a factor 3) normalizes / creates dummy variables 4) data derivation, and 5) data warehousing. The data analysis unit consists of OLAP and data mining(DM). In the multidimensional analysis, OLAP is performed after selecting a measure and designing a schema. The DM process involves variable selection, research model selection, data modification, parameter tuning, model training, model evaluation, and interpretation of the results. The data warehouse created through the preprocessing process on this platform can be shared by various researchers, and the continuous accumulation of data sets makes further analysis easier for subsequent researchers. In addition, policy-makers can access the SELS data warehouse directly and analyze it online through multi-dimensional analysis, enabling scientific decision making. To prove the usefulness of the developed platform, SELS data was built on the platform and OLAP and DM were performed by selecting the mathematics academic achievement as a measure, and various factors affecting the measurements were analyzed using DM techniques. This enabled us to quickly and effectively derive implications for data-based education policies.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.5-27
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• 2019

This study analyzed the effects of comic book reading program on Korean proficiency and acculturation of youth with immigration background, by conducting a six-month reading program with five teenagers with immigration background. Ten comic books were selected from published by School Library Journal, based on the themes - that are related to the lives of youth with immigration background - and interests of participating teens. According to the literacy skills test conducted before and after the reading program, the participating teens' Korean proficiency has generally improved, particularly in the areas of interpretation and vocabulary. In terms of writing, grammatically incorrect sentences, phrases, and expressions have declined. Most participants showed stable adjustment to Korean culture, but one participant who felt still insecure of her ethnic identity deeply empathized with one of the characters of the books, and shared the difficulties of living as an outsider of a society. The participants of this research learned or rediscovered the joy of reading through this comic book reading program; at the end of the program, many of them expanded their interest in reading novels, books without any illustrations.