• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2011

Objective : It is debatable whether an anterior oblique fracture orientation is really a contraindication to anterior odontoid screw fixation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anterior odontoid screw fixation of type II and rostral shallow type III fracture with an anterior oblique fracture orientation. Methods : The authors evaluated 16 patients with type II and rostral shallow type III odontoid fracture with an anterior oblique fracture orientation. Of these 16 patients, 8 (group 1) were treated by anterior odontoid screw fixation, and 8 (group 2) by a posterior C1-2 arthrodesis. Results : Of the 8 patients in group 1, seven patients achieved solid bone fusion (87.5%), and one experienced screw back-out of the C-2 body two months after anterior screw fixation. All patients treated by posterior C1-C2 fusion in group 2 achieved successful bone fusion. Mean fracture displacements and fracture gaps were not significantly different in two groups. (p=0.075 and 0.782). However, mean fracture orientation angles were $15.3{\pm}3.2$ degrees in group 1, and $28.6{\pm}8.1$ degrees in group 2 (p=0.002), and mean fragment angulations were $3.2{\pm}2.1$ degrees in group 1, and $14.8{\pm}3.7$ degrees in group 2 (p=0.001). Conclusion : Even when the fracture lines of type II and rostral shallow type III fractures are oriented in an anterior oblique direction, anterior odontoid screw fixation can be feasible in carefully selected patients with a relatively small fracture orientation angle and relatively small fragment angulation.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.427-429
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• 2016

A multi-step deposition process for the gap-filling of submicrometer trenches using dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMOS), $(CH_3)_2Si(OCH_3)_2$, and $C_xH_yO_z$ by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is presented. The multi-step process consisted of pre-treatment, deposition, and post-treatment in each deposition step. We obtained low-k films with superior gap-filling properties on the trench patterns without voids or delamination. The newly developed technique for the gap-filling of submicrometer features will have a great impact on inter metal dielectric (IMD) and shallow trench isolation (STI) processes for the next generation of microelectronic devices. Moreover, this bottom up gap-fill mode is expected to be universally for other chemical vapor deposition systems.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2024

In medium- and long-range optical imaging systems, atmospheric turbulence causes blurring and distortion of images, resulting in loss of image information. An image-restoration method based on an adaptive feature-fusion multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) dense U-shaped network (Unet) is proposed, to restore a single image degraded by atmospheric turbulence. The network's model is based on the MIMO-Unet framework and incorporates patch-embedding shallow-convolution modules. These modules help in extracting shallow features of images and facilitate the processing of the multi-input dense encoding modules that follow. The combination of these modules improves the model's ability to analyze and extract features effectively. An asymmetric feature-fusion module is utilized to combine encoded features at varying scales, facilitating the feature reconstruction of the subsequent multi-output decoding modules for restoration of turbulence-degraded images. Based on experimental results, the adaptive feature-fusion MIMO dense U-shaped network outperforms traditional restoration methods, CMFNet network models, and standard MIMO-Unet network models, in terms of image-quality restoration. It effectively minimizes geometric deformation and blurring of images.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1234-1257
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a framework for multi-focus image fusion called PATN. In our approach, by aggregating deep features extracted based on the U-type Transformer mechanism and shallow features extracted using the PSA module, we make PATN feed both long-range image texture information and focus on local detail information of the image. Meanwhile, the edge-preserving information value of the fused image is enhanced using a dense residual block containing the Sobel gradient operator, and three loss functions are introduced to retain more source image texture information. PATN is compared with 17 more advanced MFIF methods on three datasets to verify the effectiveness and robustness of PATN.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1692-1705
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• 2024

In this paper, we present a method that integrates a Grammar Transducer as an external language model to enhance the accuracy of the pre-trained Korean End-to-end (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. The E2E ASR model utilizes the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss function to derive hypothesis sentences from input audio. However, this method reveals a limitation inherent in the CTC approach, as it fails to capture language information from transcript data directly. To overcome this limitation, we propose a fusion approach that combines a clause-level n-gram language model, transformed into a Weighted Finite-State Transducer (WFST), with the E2E ASR model. This approach enhances the model's accuracy and allows for domain adaptation using just additional text data, avoiding the need for further intensive training of the extensive pre-trained ASR model. This is particularly advantageous for Korean, characterized as a low-resource language, which confronts a significant challenge due to limited resources of speech data and available ASR models. Initially, we validate the efficacy of training the n-gram model at the clause-level by contrasting its inference accuracy with that of the E2E ASR model when merged with language models trained on smaller lexical units. We then demonstrate that our approach achieves enhanced domain adaptation accuracy compared to Shallow Fusion, a previously devised method for merging an external language model with an E2E ASR model without necessitating additional training.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2007년 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.141-143
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• 2007

Increasing demand of using low weight materials in recent automotive trends has been the challenge to develop a sound welding of aluminum alloys. A heat treatable AA6082-T6 and a non-heat treatable AA5083-0 aluminum alloys were joined in this study. Investigations revealed that about 60 UTS will be reduced due to welding process. Fracture happened in the interface between fusion zone and base metal of top specimen where penetration is shallow. Therefore, lower welding torch angle produced the better strength which allows deeper penetration to the top specimen. PWHT at $560^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours can be used to return the original UTS of the specimens.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2019년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.102-105
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• 2019

In the classical single-image super-resolution (SISR) reconstruction method using convolutional neural networks, the extracted features are not fully utilized, and the training time is too long. Aiming at the above problems, we proposed an improved SISR method based on a residual network. Our proposed method uses a feature fusion technology based on improved residual blocks. The advantage of this method is the ability to fully and effectively utilize the features extracted from the shallow layers. In addition, we can see that the feature fusion can adaptively preserve the information from current and previous residual blocks and stabilize the training for deeper network. And we use the global residual learning to make network training easier. The experimental results show that the proposed method gets better performance than classic reconstruction methods.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

신생대 어류 화석 4개체가 포항의 마이오세 두호층에서 발견되었다. 본 화석은 뒷지느러미의 앞쪽 담기골(pterygiophore)이 연장되어 있고, 후의쇄골(postcleithrum)이 존재하며, 두 개의 인접한 혈관극 사이에 뒷지느러미 담기골 두개가 거의 일정하게 존재한다. 그리고 첫 번째와 두 번째 하미축골(hypurals)이 융합되었고, 세 번째와 네 번째 하미축골과 첫 번째 전미추체(preural centrum)가 융합되어 있다. 그리고 두부인근의 잘 발달된 판상 신경극과 낚시바늘모양의 미설골(urohyal)이 존재하고, 그 좌골부(sciatic part)가 꺾여있다. 그리고 준하미골(parahypural)이 첫 번째 전미추체로부터 분리되어 있다. 이를 근거로 볼 때, 이 화석은 국내 최초의 가지미목으로 동정되었다. 그간의 두호층 지질학적 연구는 천해환경의 생물들이 육상의 큰 홍수와 같은 사건으로 떠내려가 저탁류에 의해 심해환경에서 퇴적되었다고 주장해 왔다. 하지만 여태껏 천해환경 생물들만 발견되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 두호층에서 최초로 심해생물인 가자미류가 보고되었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.16-18
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• 2018

Delayed esophageal rupture due to blunt injury is not new. However, rupture due to suspected barotrauma is very rare. We describe a case of esophageal rupture in a male 24-year-old patient after diving in shallow waters. The patient was quadriplegic and could not experience the typical chest pain related to rupture and resulting mediastinitis. The rupture was discovered 4 days after emergency decompressive laminectomy and fusion for his cervical spine. The rupture was evidently caused by barotrauma and was discovered four days after admission. He underwent primary closure and pericardial flap as a life-saving procedure.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2005

목 적 : 정위적 방사선수술 시 환자의 set up을 정확히 하며 정확한 종양의 위치를 찾아내어 확인하고 평가하는 것은 치료성적을 좌우하는데 매우 중요한 일이다. 특히 체부에 종양이 있는 환자의 경우 호흡 등에 의한 종양의 움직임으로 인하여 정확한 종양위치에 치료를 시행하는데는 많은 어려움이 따르는데 이러한 문제점들을 보완하기 위하여 본원에서 자체 제작한 고정용구를 이용하여 환자의 움직임을 최소화시키고 또한 환자의 호흡에 따른 CT 영상을 획득하였으며 이를 통하여 Image Guided Radiosurgery를 시행함으로써 방사선수술의 정확성을 높이고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 자체 개발한 Body SRS용 Vacuum cushion (BSRS Vacuum cushion)을 이용하여 환자의 호흡에 따른 CT영상을 세 번에 걸쳐 획득한 후 (shallow, inhalation, exhalation) RTP computer상에서 이들을 fusion하며 Global GTV (PTVsim target)를 찾아내어 가장 적합한 수술계획을 수립한다. 수술 전 위와 같은 방법으로 Global GTV (PTVtx target)를 찾아내어 Posterior Pb ball을 기준으로 처음 수립된 수술계획의 PTVsim target에 PTVtx target을 조합시켜 비교함으로써 환자의 New PTVcenter를 찾아내고 수술을 시행한 후 EPID 영상을 획득하며 환자의 움직임 여부와 정확한 방사선수술이 시행되었는지 확인한다. 결 과 : 환자의 호흡에 따른 target volume의 위치는 Inhalation에서 cranio-caudal 방향으로 최대 10 mm까지 변화되었으며 체적은 Shallow respiration 일 때 $0.93cm^3$로 가장 크게 변화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 수술 전후의 CT 영상을 통하여 New PTVcenter target volume의 위치에 따른 치료 정확성을 DVH로 분석한 결과 100% 전후의 치료 선량이 조사되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결 론 : 체부의 SRS는 환자의 호흡에 따른 종양의 움직임 때문에 환자의 적용에는 회의적인 입장이었으나 고정기구 개발과 IGRT를 접목함으로써 보다 정확한 방사선수술을 시행할 수 있었고 이를 통하여 많은 BSRS에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.