• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

For more convenient electrode-electrolyte interface impedance analysis in biosensor, a stand-alone impedance measurement system is required. In our study, we developed a PC-based portable system to analyze impedance of the electrochemical cell using microprocessor. The devised system consists of signal generator, programmable amplifiers, A/D converter, low pass filter, potentiostat, I/V converter, microprocessor, and PC interface. As a microprocessor, PIC16F877 which has the processing speed of 5 MIPS was used. For data acquisition, the sampling rate at 40 k samples/sec, resolution of 12 bit is used. RS-232 with 115.2 kbps speed is used for the PC communication. The square wave was used as stimuli signal for impedance analysis and voltage-controlled current measurement method of three-electrode-method were adopted. Acquired voltage and current data are calculated to multifrequency impedance signal after Fourier transform. To evaluate the implemented system, we set up the dummy cell as equivalent circuit of which was composed of resistor, parallel circuit of capacitor and resistor connected in parallel and measured the impedance of the dummy cell; the result showed that there exist accuracy within 5 % errors and reproduction within 1 % errors compared to output of Hioki LCR tester and HP impedance analyzer as a standard product. These results imply that it is possible to analyze electrode-electrolyte interface impedance quantitatively in biosensor and to implement the more portable high speed impedance analysis system compared to existing systems.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.7
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• pp.261-281
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• 2001

As a new environment, the Internet proposes to us the innovative change of our life. With difficulty, we can go after the Internet's potentiality and the growth speed of technology. In the new stream of innovation technology, we can probably feel the fear of tremendous changes, the reverse, also hope to get the opportunity that come out of Internet world. EC(Electronic Commerce) that out of the evolution of Internet technology gets a coporation changes to survive in 21st century. So the corporation must set the strategy to fit a Internet focused society. As one of them, a virtual store is opened on the Internet. Recently, there has been much attention to the Internet shopping mall as a new distribution channel and marketing tool. This study analyzed that the system environment, perceived product risk, easy of order, perceived security risk would have impact on the customer satisfaction in Electronic Commerce. The Purpose of this study is to develope the concept of the determinants of customer satisfaction and to test a theoretical framework that attempts to explain how the perception of satisfaction in Electronic Commerce. The proposed hypotheses were tested internet shopping mall users and the study results show all hypotheses are supported.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.9
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• pp.47-75
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of reference price, price rationale and price-quality inference of consumer on the evaluation of apparel quality. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response sheet. The stimuli were six print ads, which was manipulated by reference price and price rationale for a jacket of national brand. This study used a 2(reference price: offer and non offer)$\times$3(price rationale: non offer, stock disposal, sales promotion) $\times$2(price-quality inference of consumer: high and low level) between-subjects experiment. Subjects were 371 female university students. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA and t-test. The results were as follows. First, three apparel attributes were identified: sewing/fabrics and label by factor analysis. Second, the significant interaction effects of reference price, price rationale and price-quality inference of consumer were found on evaluating quality of sewing/fabrics and label of apparel. So, reference price effect differed to depending on type of price rationale and levels of price-quality inference. Third, the significant main effect of price-quality inference of consumer existed on evaluating construction quality of apparel.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

This study is conducted to utilize waste concrete powder made as a by-product manufacturing high quality recycled aggregate. The blaine fineness of the used waste concrete powder was 928 and $1,360cm^2/g$. As the main characteristic of waste concrete powder, it showed an angular type similar to cement, but hydrated products were attached on the surface of particles. In addition, the size of the particles of waste concrete powder was larger than OPC and in terms of chemical components it had higher $SiO_2$ contents. The viscosity of the paste that mixed waste concrete power decreased by 62% at the most, compared to the paste that only used OPC, and the final set time was delayed about two hours. As composition rates of waste concrete powder increased, the flow value decreased by 30% at the most according to the comparison with mortar that only used OPC, and sorptivity coefficients increased by 70%. The compressive strength of mortar decreased by 73% at the most as composition rates of waste concrete powder increased. According to the test results, it is desirable to use waste concrete powder by combining OPC appropriately(below 15%).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 1999

A set of surveys was performed at Chungchongbuk-Do in 1997 in order to analyze energy related in rice production. Four cases in rice farming were surveyed : traditional farming, no chemical farming, duck farming, mud snail farming. The farmer in traditional fanning has used chemical fertilizers and chemicals such as general farmers. The farmer in no chemical farming has used chemical fertilizers and manure but has not use chemicals. The farmer in duck farming has not used chemical fertilizers and chemicals but brought up duck in paddy. The farmer in mud snail has not used chemical fertilizers and chemicals but brought up mud snail in paddy. The animals n paddy as like duck and mud snail not only eat weeds and insect but also input fertile material by excretion. The results of energy analysis are as follows 1. In view of energy, the duck farming was the most efficient of four cases. The mud snail farming was less efficient than the duck farming, the traditional farming was less efficient than the mud snail farming, the na chemical farming was less efiicierrt than the traditional farming. 2. Relatively to amount of product, non renewable energy was used more in traditional farming than other cases and renewable energy was used more in no chemical farming than other cases. 3. The reason of low energy efficiency in the no chemical farming was to input fertilizers and manure so much. So to input nutrients excessively in order not to use chemicals can make rice farming to be inefficient in a view of energy. 4. The farming to bring up animals in paddy was more sustainable than other cases because input of non renewable energy could be decreased. But in order to make it to be more sustainable, should be developed cultivation method to decrease input of non renewable direct energy such as fossil fuel and electricity .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1891-1902
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• 2008

With concerns for consumers' return behaviors affecting internet shopping malls' profits and product management in the internet clothing market, this study is designed to investigate determinants affecting return and path models for return behaviors. For an empirical study, questionnaires are prepared and respondents in their 20s and 30s with internet clothing purchase experience are selected using the convenience sampling. A total of 517 questionnaires are used for the final analysis. Data are analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 software and descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, discriminant analysis, regression analysis, and path analysis is conducted. The results are as follows. First, ones who have returned after purchasing clothing items in internet shopping reached 63.4% of the total consumers. Respondents returned items with price at 50 thousand won or less stood at 67.2%, and the most frequent return shopping malls are open markets with their return rate at 51.1%. Second, variables such as risk perception, information search, impulse buying, buying experience, and age have a positive effect on return experience. Impulse buying and buying experience turn out to have a significant effect on the degree of return, but risk perception, information search, age, and gender to have an insignificant effect. Return intention is significantly affected by risk perception, gender, and age. Third, the analysis of path model for return experience shows that perceived risk has a positively effect, and information search has a direct effect as well as an indirect effect through buying experience or impulse buying. The analysis of path model for the degree of return shows that risk perception does not have effect, but information search has indirect effect through buying experience or impulse buying. This study is thought to find consumers' return behavior characteristics in online shopping, and help businesses operating online shopping malls to efficiently manage returns and set up strategies against returns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1915-1926
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• 2008

Although we know that images of a country or an industry are influential factors in product evaluation, there has been little discussion about the channels through which consumers form a country or an industry image. Guided by the assumption that the image of the Korean fashion industry conveyed through U.S. media will likely affect the evaluation of Korean fashion products, we decided to examine articles published between January 1998 and June 2008 in Woman's Wear Daily(WWD), a prestigious U.S. daily trade newspaper covering all aspects of the national and international fashion business. By using the "Korean", we found 329 relevant articles. Through content analysis, we identified the aspects of the Korean fashion industry that have been considered salient to U.S. fashion media professionals. We set up categories based on the contents of the articles that discussed segments of the supply chain of the fashion industry. We found more comments on the Korean fashion industry as fiber and fabrics supplier or apparel manufacturer than in any other categories, which reflects that South Korea has been traditionally one of the most attractive sourcing countries for the U.S. fashion business. We identified significantly less coverage on the designing, branding, marketing, and retailing aspects of the Korean fashion industry. Due to economic boom in Korea, the country's fashion industry is recognized as having a highly fashion-conscious market that can afford the world's premium brands. However, the industry is viewed as being rather vulnerable to changes in the macro economic environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

This study is to reduce the rate of drowning accident by using of buoyancy bag. People are exposed to the high risk of drowning accident when they have water leisure activities due to the lack of safety mind-set and shortage of safety products. In case of drowning accident, the rescue action is normally depending on the other people's assistance. Therefore, rescue activities which relyn the people doesn't improve the ratio of survival in the drowning accidents. The submarine specialists should use the buoyancy products to rescue the people in the drowning accident. The citizen can carry portable buoyancy product in the automobile as well as by hands anywhere and anytime. It will be effective rescue tool to save his/her life in the emergency. In addition, it will contribute to rescue other's life because it can be used immediately. There are 3 positive characteristics on the buoyancy bag. First, it is convenience. Documents and other stuffs can be kept in the bag. Second is safety. The material of buoyancy is placed in the inner of the bag. It is possible to float the person whose weight is 90 kg. Lastly, it is durability. It can be used long-term because the outer of the bag is made of anti-water material and anti-water zipper. As a result of performance analysis, it is evident that the buoyancy bag can be used to rescue the people in the drowning accident as a indirect rescue tool compared with the current other rescue products. It is recommended that the design of outer box and performance of buoyancy are required to be improved in order to contribute more to rescue people in the accident.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between metacognition and math creative problem solving ability. Specific research questions set up according to the purpose of this study are as follows. First, what relation does metacognition has with creative math problem-solving ability of mathematically gifted elementary students? Second, how does each component of metacognition (i.e. metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive regulation, metacognitive experiences) influences the math creative problem solving ability of mathematically gifted elementary students? The present study was conducted with a total of 80 fifth grade mathematically gifted elementary students. For assessment tools, the study used the Math Creative Problem Solving Ability Test and the Metacognition Test. Analyses of collected data involved descriptive statistics, computation of Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis by using the SPSS Statistics 20. The findings from the study were as follows. First, a great deal of variability between individuals was found in math creative problem solving ability and metacognition even within the group of mathematically gifted elementary students. Second, significant correlation was found between math creative problem solving ability and metacognition. Third, according to multiple regression analysis of math creative problem solving ability by component of metacognition, it was found that metacognitive knowledge is the metacognitive component that relatively has the greatest effect on overall math creative problem-solving ability. Fourth, results indicated that metacognitive knowledge has the greatest effect on fluency and originality among subelements of math creative problem solving ability, while metacognitive regulation has the greatest effect on flexibility. It was found that metacognitive experiences relatively has little effect on math creative problem solving ability. This findings suggests the possibility of metacognitive approach in math gifted curricula and programs for cultivating mathematically gifted students' math creative problem-solving ability.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2020

In this study, we monitored the raw materials in home-meal replacement (HMR) products, which have shown more than 63% growth in market size for two years. A total of 89 HMR products were purchased and the DNA barcodes of 112 raw materials in the product samples were analyzed. In order to identify the raw material species, a primer set specific for the 16S ribosomal RNA region of each raw material species was amplified. The amplicon was purified and sequenced, and then used to perform a BLAST search provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The species of the raw material was determined by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the species registered in GenBank with identity and match score. Twenty-four species and three genera were identified from 112 raw materials. Three genera were identified at the genus level because a large number of species belonging to the same genus exist within 98% of the identity criteria. The results of the determination were compared with the available raw materials suggested in the Korea Food Code to determine the Korean name and availability of the foods. Six non-listed species were determined to be edible according to information provided by influential domestic and foreign organizations.