• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 1983

This experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of several levels of cadmium on growth and some mineral concentrations in the serum, tibia and teeth of rats. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Growth rate was significantly decreased as the feeding level of cadmium increased, especially body weight in the 40 ppm level was greatly reduced than that of initial body weight. The weight of liver was increased in 40 ppm group as a result of edema. But the weight of kidney, heart, spleen, lung and testis was not affected. The cadmium concentration of serum was higher in rats receiving 40 ppm than that of other levels, and the concentrations of iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium were decreased as the cadmium content of drinking water increased. The cadmium and phosphorus contents of tibia were greatly high in the 40 ppm level, but the content of iron copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium and ash tended to be decreased with increasing level of cadmium. The cadmium concentration of teeth was predominantly high compared with that of the serum and tibia. Also, the concentration of iron, copper and zinc tended to be dedrased with increasing cadmium level, but the contents of magnesium, calcium and ash tended to be increased.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to estimate the mineral intakes and serum mineral levels of pregnant and lactating women. The subjects consisted of 34 non-pregnant, 56 pregnant and 20 lactating women. Nutrients intakes were investigated by the 24-hr recall method, and serum major and trace minerals were analyzed by the ICP-spectrometry. Calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) intakes were observed lower than RDA especially for both pregnant and lactating women. Iron (Fe) intake of pregnant women was $85 - 139\%$ RDA through Fe supplementation, and that of lactating women was lower than RDA. Compared with non-pregnant women, the pregnant women had similar Ca intake and higher magnesium (Mg) intake. Comparing with the non-pregnant women, serum Ca level in pregnancy was lower, and that of lactating women was not significantly different. Serum phosphorus and Mg levels were not significantly different among the groups. Serum Fe level of pregnant and lactating women was lower than that of the non-pregnant women. Serum Zn level of pregnant women was lower than those in the lactating and non-pregnant women. Serum copper level decreased as the pregnancy progressed. Serum sodium (Na) level was higher in 2nd- and 3rd trimester and potassium (K) level was higher in 3rd trimester and lactating period than other groups. Na/K ratio was not significantly different among the groups. During all periods, there was no correlation between dietary intakes and serum levels in each minerals. Serum Ca level positively corrleated with serum Mg level, especially in 3rd trimester and lactating women. In general, serum mineral levels in pregnancy were changed compared to the levels in non-pregnancy and restored in lactation to the levels for non-pregnancy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1695-1699
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• 2004

The antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and free radicals assessment were made of the effects of selenium, copper and magnesium on bovine endemic fluorosis under high fluoride, low selenium and low copper productive conditions. Thirty-two beef cattle were selected from high fluoride area, and randomly divided into four groups with eight cattle each as follows: (1) high fluoride control group (HFC); (2) supplemented group with 0.25 mg/kg selenium (HFSe); (3) supplemented group with 15 mg/kg copper (HFCu) and (4) supplemented group with 0.25 mg/kg selenium+15 mg/kg copper+1 mg/kg magnesium (HFSeCuMg) per day for 83 days. Moreover, eight beef cattle were selected from non-high fluoride area as normal control group. Blood samples were collected from cattle on 0 d, 30 d and 83 d respectively, to analyze the enzyme activities and concentration of GSH-px, CAT, SOD, MDA and free radicals. The results showed that the contents of free radicals and MDA in HFC group were significantly higher, and the whole blood GSH-px, CAT, erythrocyte SOD activities were lower than the normal control group. Free radicals, metabolic imbalance and antioxidant disorder therefore, play an important role in fluorosis. However, GSH-px, CAT and SOD activities in HFSe group and HFSeCuMg group at 30 d and 83 d were markedly higher than the same groups at the 0 d and the HFC group at the same time. Likewise, there was a corresponding reduction in the contents of free radicals and MDA. These findings indicated that supplementation with selenium, copper and magnesium elevated high fluoride bovine antioxidant enzymes, and decreased MDA and free radicals contents. But, the activities of supplementation selenium group did not increase until day 83. These results demonstrated that fluorosis was associated with lower serum Se and Cu levels than in the control, and it was therefore concluded that fluorosis is associated with decreased serum levels of these minerals. Long-term high fluoride intake under productive condition enhances oxidative stress in the blood, thereby disturbing the antioxidant defense of cattle. Increased oxidative stress could be one of the mediating factors in the pathogenesis of toxic manifestations of fluoride. It is benefical for high fluoride cattle supplemented with proper selenium, copper and magnesium to increase fluoride excretion and obtain the protective impact of the activity of oxidative enzymes, and to decrease lipid peroxidation and free radicals contents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2002

We investigated the exercise-induced changes in the serum concentration of several minerals in horses. Four welltrained Thoroughbred horses performed exercise for 5 d. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration increased during exercise, recovered to the pre-exercise level immediately after cooling down and did not change again up till the end of experiment. The changes in serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were similar to those of blood Hb during the experiment. The serum magnesium (Mg), inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and iron (Fe) concentrations also increased during exercise. Though the serum Pi concentration recovered to the pre-exercise level immediately after the cooling down, it decreased further before the end of the experiment. The serum Mg concentration was lower immediately after cooling down than its pre-exercise level but gradually recovered from the temporal reduction. The recovery of the serum Fe concentration was delayed compared to that of other minerals and recovered 2 h after cooling down. The serum calcium (Ca) concentration did not change during exercise but rapidly decreased after cooling down. As a result, it was lower immediately after cooling down than its pre-exercise level. It recovered, however, to the pre-exercise level 2 h after cooling down. The temporal increase in the serum concentrations of all minerals except Ca is considered to result from hemoconcentration induced by exercise and the stable concentration of the serum Ca during exercise is possibly due to its strict regulation of homeostasis. These results indicate that the serum concentration of each mineral responds differently to exercise in horses, which may be due to the difference in metabolism among these minerals.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2010

Experiments were carried out to determine the hematological changes in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, after sub-chronic dietary pentachlorophenol (PCP) concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) exposure 6 weeks. The RBC count, Ht and Hb were significantly decreased in PCP 0.5 mg/kg exposed flounder compared to control group. The flounder exposed to PCP concentration 0.5 mg/kg started to increase significantly in serum magnesium concentrations after 4 weeks. The low concentration of serum calcium concentration was observed at 6 weeks of the experiment in PCP concentration 0.5 mg/kg. Although serum total protein concentrations was significantly reduced compared to the control group at PCP concentration 0.5 mg/kg, serum glucose concentration was found to be significantly increased over the control group. A significant increment of GOT, GPT and LDH activities in the flounder serum was noticed after 4 weeks at PCP concentrations over 0.5 mg/kg without typical changes of Al-P. These results indicate that flounder can be affected by PCP in terms of inorganic matter, organic matter and enzyme activity in serum when they were exposed to the PCP concentrations 0.5 mg/kg or higher.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1713-1720
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• 2007

Influence of -110, +110, +220 and +330 mEq/kg of dry matter (DM) dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on growth performance of Thalli lambs were examined in a randomized complete block design. Four DCAD diets were randomly allotted to four groups, with ten lambs in each group. A linear increase in nutrient intake was recorded with increasing DCAD level. The digestibilities of nutrients were higher in lambs fed -110 DCAD diet than those fed +110, +220 and +330 DCAD diets. Lambs fed +330 DCAD diet had higher nitrogen balance than those fed -110 and +110 DCAD diets. Blood pH and serum $HCO_3$ increased with increasing DCAD level. Serum chloride was higher in lambs fed -110 DCAD diet, while serum (Na+K)-(Cl+S) increased linearly with increasing DCAD level. Serum calcium increased with decreasing DCAD level while serum magnesium and phosphorus remained unaffected. Lambs fed -110 DCAD diet had higher Ca balance than those fed +110, +220 and +330 DCAD diets. Urine pH increased with increasing DCAD level. Lambs fed +220 and +330 DCAD diets gained more weight than those fed -110 and +110 DCAD diets. In conclusion, increased DCAD level not only increased the dry matter intake but also improved the weight gain of growing Thalli lambs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.825-833
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fiber, which from whole food on the serum lipid level and bowel function in rats. The fiber sources of experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling of small water dropwort(WD), mugwort(MW), butterbur(BB) and apple(AP). Each fiber sources was mixed at the 15% level of the diet. The level of dietary fiber in WD, MW, BB diets was similar but that in AP diet was slightly low. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 5 groups ; WD, MW, BB, AP, FF(fiber free). The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 37 days. Food intake of AP and FF groups were than other groups, FF group was lower than other grous in food efficiency ratio. MW group showed highest level in fecal weight and fecal water content and group has the longest transit time compare to other groups. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly different among groups. BB group showed the lowest level in the serum total cholesterol. WD and MW groups showed slightly higher level in the serum HDL cholesterol than other groups. Mucosa weight was not significantly different among groups. The activity of maltase in mucosa of small intestine was highest in FF groups. Absorption rates of calcium were not significantly different among groups. Absorption rate of magnesium was higher in FF group compare to others. And, absorption rates of phosphorus in MW and FF groups were slightly lower than other groups.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2021

We aimed to identify the biological factors during the voluntary waiting period (VWP) that are associated with subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Two hundred and one pregnant dairy cows had their body condition score (BCS) evaluated and blood samples taken 4 weeks before calving, at calving, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after calving, to measure serum metabolite and progesterone concentrations. In addition, any peri- and postpartum disorders within 4 weeks of calving, and the mean milk yields 4 and 8 weeks postpartum, were recorded. The cows were allocated to two groups according to whether they had become pregnant or not by 120 days after calving: a pregnant group (n = 50) and a non-pregnant group (n = 151). Analyses of serum metabolite concentrations showed that the aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase activities 2 weeks (p < 0.05) and the non-esterified fatty acid concentration 6 weeks (p < 0.01) postpartum were higher in the non-pregnant than in the pregnant group. However, the albumin concentrations between 2 and 8 weeks and the total cholesterol and magnesium concentrations between 4 and 8 weeks postpartum were lower in the non-pregnant group (p < 0.05). The BCS (p < 0.05) and percentages of cows that had resumed cyclicity (p < 0.001) by 6 and 8 weeks postpartum were higher in the pregnant than in the non-pregnant group, whereas the incidence of peri- and postpartum disorders was higher in the non-pregnant group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high serum enzyme activities, which imply liver damage, imbalances in energy metabolites and magnesium, and a higher incidence of peri- and postpartum disorders, are associated with poorer reproductive performance, whereas high BCS and early resumption of cyclicity during the VWP are associated with superior reproductive performance in dairy cows.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.308-311
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• 2013

In this report, we present a pediatric case of severe symptomatic hypermagnesemia resulting from the use of magnesium oxide as a laxative in a child undergoing continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease. The patient showed abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) findings, such as tall T waves, a widened QRS complex, and irregular conduction, which were initially misdiagnosed as hyperkalemia; later, the correct diagnosis of hypermagnesemia was obtained. Emergent hemodialysis successfully returned the serum magnesium concentration to normal without complications. When abnormal ECG changes are detected in patients with renal failure, hypermagnesemia should be considered.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.133-141
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• 1985

In order to establish a method predicting susceptible cows to the parturient syndrome, various serum chemical parameters (calcium, phosphorus, Ca/P, magnesium, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G, total lipid, non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)) were measured during late pregnancy and their relationships with periparturient diseases were investigated during puerpural period. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The factors affecting the prediction of susceptible cows to parturient syndrome were calcium, magnesium, total protein, globulin, A/G ratio and total lipid at 30 day antepartum and the diagnosability was 70.7%. 2. In the experimental cows producing more than 21kg of milk per day, the factors affecting the prediction of susceptible cows to parturient syndrome were calcium, NEFA and A/G ratio at 30 day antepartum and the diagnosability was 66.7%. 3. In the experimental cows calved more than 3 times, the factors affecting the perdiction of susceptible cows to parturient syndrome were calcium, total protein, albumin and NEFA at 30 day antepartum and the diagnosability was 83.3%.