• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to describe the protein nutritional status of female collegians between nonvegetarian diet groups(14) and vegetarian diet groups(19). Daily intake, protein were calculated from food direct measurement. Urea/creatinine, muscle mass, fatique conditions and hematological parameter were calculated. Blood samples were analyzed for total protein, albumin ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine, BUN contents. The results obtained are summarized as following : 1) On total dietary intake, especially Fe, vitamin C, niacin intake, vegetarian groups were higher than non vegetarian groups. 2) On composition of EAA(essential amino acids), vegetarians were highter than non vegetarian of leucine contents, but were lower lysine and threonine contents. 3) On urea / creatinine excretion, vegetarians were higher than non begetarians. Muscle mass were non signicant, fatique condition, vegetarians were normal state. 4) Non vegetarians were increased serum albumin total protein, uric acid, ammonia but vegetarians were decreased BUN, ammonia after experimental diet intake. 5) In process of time after meal, non vegetarians were increased serum albumin total protein, BUN, but vegetarians were decreased ammonia.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2020

Purpose: The association of the initial serum ammonia level with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute glufosinate-ammonium herbicide poisoning was studied. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 2012 and August 2019 in the emergency department after glufosinate-ammonium herbicide poisoning. Survivors and non-survivors were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for mortality. Results: One hundred and six patients were enrolled; 11 died, yielding a mortality of 10.4%. The serum bicarbonate level was significantly lower in the non-survival group than the survival group. Age, serum ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, SOFA score, and APACHE II score were significantly higher in the non-survival group than the survival group. Age, serum ammonia, and creatinine level were independent risk factors for mortality in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The initial serum ammonia level is associated with mortality in patients with acute glufosinate herbicide poisoning.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2018

Purpose: Glufosinate ammonium poisoning can cause seizures, even after a symptom-free period. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) level and the occurrence of seizures in patients with acute glufosinate ammonium poisoning. Methods: For this retrospective observational study, data from patients diagnosed with acute glufosinate ammonium poisoning were collected between January 2016 and June 2016. Serum NSE was measured within 2 hours of arrival at the emergency department. The patients were divided into a seizure group and a non-seizure group. Results: The seizure group included eight of the 15 total patients (53.3%). The serum NSE level was significantly higher in the seizure group than in the non-seizure group ($32.4{\pm}11.9ng/mL$ vs. $19.5{\pm}5ng/mL$, p=0.019). The amount of glufosinate ingested and initial and peak serum ammonia levels were significantly higher in the seizure group than in the non-seizure group. There was no significant difference in the area under the curve of the serum NSE level or the initial and peak serum ammonia levels in terms of predicting the occurrence of seizures. Conclusion: In acute glufosinate poisoning, initial serum NSE levels may help in prediction of seizures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.806-809
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• 1999

The present study showed the advantages of dried Bacillus subtilis culture (DBSC) supplementation on reducing ammonia gas release in the poultry house. In Experiment 1, 65-week-old Hyline W-36 hens were raised in individual wire-floor cages in a windowless house, and divided into two groups of 180 hens each. One group was fed diets without DBSC as the control and another group was fed a diet supplemented with 2% DBSC. In Experiment 2, 2-week-old broiler chicks were divided into 3 treatment groups of 20 chicks each and maintained in individual floor cages. One group was fed the diet without DBSC and other two groups were fed the diet supplemented with 1 or 2% DBSC, respectively. In experiment 1, DBSC consistently reduced ammonia gas release in the laying house (p<0.01) and manure storage facilities (p<0.01). incubation of feces for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24 or 48 hours showed that DBSC consistently reduced ammonia gas release. In Experiment 2, DBSC reduced ammonia gas release in the broiler house; however, DBSC had no effect on total N, urate-N and ammonia-N contents of feces, but it improved cumulative N utilization and decreased serum urea-N concentration when chicks when chicks were fed 1% DBSC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1299-1303
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• 2001

For the Exp. 1, a total of fifty four crossbred [(Duroc Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace] pigs ($77.67{\pm}1.42kg$ average initial BW) were used in a 41-d growth assay to determine the effects of yucca extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum characteristics of finishing pigs. Dietary treatments included 1) Control (basal diet), 2) YE60 (basal diet+60 ppm yucca extract), 3) YE120 (basal diet+120 ppm yucca extract). Average daily gain was not improved by yucca extract supplementation during the whole experimental perid (d 0 to 41). Pigs fed control diet showed the best average daily gain. Pigs fed control and YE120 diets tended to increase average daily feed intake compared with pigs fed YE60 diet (quadratic effect, p<0.0001). Gain/feed with control treatment was significantly better than the YE groups (linear effect, p<0.071). However, there was no significant difference among levels of yucca extract (p>0.10). Apparent digestibility of dry matter in pigs fed yucca extract were greater than for pigs fed control diets (linear effect, p<0.017). Pigs fed YE120 tended to have higher digestibility of nitrogen than pigs fed the control diets (linear effect, p<0.019). There were no significant differences in Total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations of serum, and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations in serum was not influenced by the yucca extract supplementation (p>0.10). For the Exp. 2, fifteen [(Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace] pigs ($25.00{\pm}0.50kg$ average initial BW) were used in a 30-d metabolism experiment to determine the effects of yucca extract supplementation on fecal ammonia gas production. Treatments were : 1) Control (basal diet); 2) YE (basal diet+150 ppm yucca extract); 3) BD (basal diet+100 ppm Bio-Dr; yucca extract+far infrared emitted materials). Fecal ammonia gas production differences between d 0 and d 30 were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by feeding BD compared to control and YE. Also, when pigs were fed the diet with YE tended to be decreased ammonia gas production compared to pigs fed the control diet without significant differences (p>0.05). There were no differences for DM and N digestibility among pigs fed the treatment diets. In conclusion, yucca and (or) far infrared radiological materials can be used to make environment-friendly diets for growing-finishing pigs without negative effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.385-388
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• 2015

Three cases of hepatic encephalopathy were diagnosed in scimitar-horned oryxs housed at a zoo. Administration of amino acid and ornithine-aspartate fluid therapy via an intravenous injection decreased serum levels of ammonia and liver enzymes in cases 1 and 2. Further, additional oral ingestion of non-absorbable disaccharide lactulose to eliminate intestinal nitrogenous products enabled recovery of two oryxs. However, in case 3, the serum levels of ammonia and liver enzymes increased even after treatment, and the oryx died. Necropsy revealed cecum and colon compaction due to stiff dried feces, and this condition could have an adverse effect on increased blood ammonia levels that may have caused mortality. Overconsumption of pellets may have been the primary cause of hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, a fiber rich diet with decreased amount of pellets is needed to prevent hepatic encephalopathy, since the normal diet of scimitar-horned oryxs is rich in fiber.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.293-296
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• 2001

Hepatic encephalophthy was diagnosed with serum chemistry, abdominal radiography and ultrasonography in a 2.6kg, 4 year-old maltese dog showing signs of hypersalivation, involutary spasm of facial muscles, ataxia, behavior abnormalities like dullness, sleep disorder, restlessness. In serum chemistry, the level of alanine transferase and aspartate trasferase was mildly elevated, ammonia was severely increased. On abdominal radio-graphs, the size of liver was mildly decreased. In ultrasonographic examination, diffuse lesion with hyperechoic change and decreased vasculature were seen in the hepatic region. But vascular abnormalities of liver were not observed. Drug and dietary therapy were undertaken and severities of clinical sign were alleviated.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.44.1-44.8
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• 2016

Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii (mean length $14.53{\pm}1.14cm$ and mean weight $38.36{\pm}3.45g$), were exposed for 4 weeks with the different levels of ammonia in the concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L at 19 and $24^{\circ}C$. The indicators of growth performance such as daily length gain, daily weight gain, condition factor, and hematosomatic index were significantly reduced by the ammonia exposure and high temperature. The ammonia exposure induced a significant decrease in hematological parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht), whose trend was more remarkable at $24^{\circ}C$. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were also notably decreased by the ammonia exposure. Blood ammonia concentration was considerably increased by the ammonia concentration exposure. In the serum components, the glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were substantially increased by the ammonia exposure, whereas total protein was significantly decreased. But, the calcium and magnesium were not considerably changed.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-33
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• 1989

The effect of growth rate change on glucose consumption and Ammonia production rate in batch culture of hybridoma was studied. The methods regulating growth rate of hybridoma were 1) decrease of serum concentration, 2) decrease of culture temperature and 3) addition of growth inhibitor (thymidine). The experimental results showed that hybridoma growth rate was dropped by 20~50%, while glucose consumption and ammonia production rate was decreased up to 40% On the other hand, the final concentration of monoclonal antibody was shown to be increased as high as 100% when the concentration of serum was decreased from 2% to 0.2%.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2020

Organic waste used as a feedstock in the anaerobic digestion (AD), it includes carbon and nitrogen. Carbon and nitrogen have an effect on the various digestive characteristics during AD, however, the study is rare about those of the interaction. This study investigates the influence of carbon type and carbon to nitrogens (C/N ratios) on the AD characteristics of organic waste. Experimental treatments involved a combination of three carbon types with three C/N ratios. The AD tests were carried out using a 125-mL serum bottle at a constant temperature of 37℃ and moisture 95% for 18 days. Degradation pattern shows the difference among three-carbon treatments, the starch group was faster than other groups. Maximum methane production date was similar between starch (9.96 ± 0.05 day) and xylan group (10.0 ± 0.52 day), those of the cellulose group (14.6 ± 1.80 day) was slower than other groups (p < 0.05). The lag phase was only affected by the carbon type (p < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen was mainly affected by nitrogen concentration regardless of carbon type (p < 0.05). This study showed that xylan is useful as feedstock in order to decrease the lag phase, and it showed that ammonia was independently affected by the nitrogen concentration.