• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1998

Background and Objectives : Electrolarynx has been used as one of the methods of rehabilitation for the laryngectomees. Previous electrolarynx could not alter frequency and intensity simultaneously. This institute developed an electrolarynx named "Evada" using FSR(force sensing resistor) sensor, which can control the frequency(and/or intensity) simultaneously. This study was performed for the normal control and laryngectomees with three types of electrolarynx (Evada, Servox-inton, Nu-vois) to reveal functional characteristics of Evada Materials and Methods : five laryngectomees and five normal adults were made to express there sentences(discriptive sentence, "You stay here" ; question sentence, "You stay here？" ; exclamation sentence, "You!! stay here!"), using three types of electrolarynx. Frequency change and intensity change from first and last vowel was calculated in three sentences and analyzed statistically by paired T-test. Results : The frequency change in the question sentence and exclamation sentence was more prominent in Evada than in Servox-inton and Nu-vois. The intensity change in the question sentence and exclamation sentence was also more prominent in Evada than in Servox-inton and Nu-vois. Conclusions : Evada could control frequency and intensity simultaneously and control degree of frequency(and/or intensity) according to the pressing force into the button. Evada could adjust continuously frequency and intensity during conversation. So, Evada is better in producing intonation and contrastive stress than Nu-vois and Servox-inton.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.752-777
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• 2017

This paper proposes an automatic method to summarize Bangla news document. In the proposed approach, pronoun replacement is accomplished for the first time to minimize the dangling pronoun from summary. After replacing pronoun, sentences are ranked using term frequency, sentence frequency, numerical figures and title words. If two sentences have at least 60% cosine similarity, the frequency of the larger sentence is increased, and the smaller sentence is removed to eliminate redundancy. Moreover, the first sentence is included in summary always if it contains any title word. In Bangla text, numerical figures can be presented both in words and digits with a variety of forms. All these forms are identified to assess the importance of sentences. We have used the rule-based system in this approach with hidden Markov model and Markov chain model. To explore the rules, we have analyzed 3,000 Bangla news documents and studied some Bangla grammar books. A series of experiments are performed on 200 Bangla news documents and 600 summaries (3 summaries are for each document). The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique over the four latest methods.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine how Korean speakers realize English stress and rhythm at the sentence level, and investigate what different acoustic characteristics of English sentence stress and rhythm Korean speakers have, compared with those of American English speakers. Stressed words in the sentence were analyzed in terms of duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity of the stressed vowel in the word with neutral stress and with emphatic stress, respectively. According to the results, when the words had emphatic stress, both Koreans' and Americans' F0 and intensity of the stressed vowel were higher than those with neutral stress. Korean speakers of English realized the sentence stress with shorter vowel duration and higher F0 than American English speakers when the words had emphatic stress. The analysis of the timing of the sentence with increased unstressed syllables showed that both Americans and Koreans produced the sentence with longer duration as the number of unstressed syllables increased. However, the duration of unstressed syllables between stressed syllables by Koreans was longer than that by Americans. Americans seemed to produce unstressed syllables between stressed syllables faster than Koreans for regular intervals of stressed syllables. This analysis implies that if there are more unstressed syllables between stressed syllables, Koreans might produce unstressed syllables and the whole sentence with longer duration.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2010

This study investigated the closed quotient and other voice quality parameters using electroglottography (EGG) in sustaining the vowel /a/ and reading a sentence at the comfortable pitch and loudness in healthy Korean adults. Seventy two healthy adults (36 men, 36 women) aged 20~40 years were included in the study. The tasks were recorded and analyzed using Lx Speech Studio. In vowel sustaining task, closed quotient (Qx), fundamental frequency (Fx), sound pressure level (SPL), Jitter, and Shimmer were measured. In sentence reading task, closed quotient (DQx), fundamental frequency (DFx), and sound pressure level (DAx) were measured. The sex effects were observed on Qx, Fx, Shimmer, DQx, and DFx. Men had significantly higher Qx and DQx than women, but had significantly lower Shimmer than women. However, there was no sex effect on Jitter. The task effects on Qx and SPL as well as DQx and DAx were also assessed. Qx and SPL were significantly higher than DQx and DAx in both gender. This study showed that the closed quotients in both vowel sustaining and sentence reading tasks were significantly related to other voice quality parameters. Therefore, clinicians and researchers should describe the voice quality parameters like fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, Jitter, Shimmer, and so on when reporting closed quotients using EGG.

• 인지과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-140
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• 2005

이 논문은 한국어 교육에서 문형 전자 사전을 바탕으로 하는 자동문형 검사기를 설계하기 위해 문형의 출현 빈도와 사용 빈도 조사를 목적으로 하였다. 먼저 한국어 교육에서의 문형의 개념을 정의하고 그 유형을 구문 문형과 표현 문형으로 나누어 분류하였다. 서술어 중심의 구문 문형과 의존명사, 어미, 조사가 중심인 표현 문형이 학습자 코퍼스에서 어떻게 나타나는지 분석하였다. 학습자 코퍼스는 학습자들이 꼭 배워야 하는 것으로 표준 코퍼스와 학습자들의 생산물인 오류 코퍼스로 나누어 구축하였다. 한국어 교재로 구성된 표준 코퍼스에서의 문형 출현 빈도와 학습자들이 직접 작성한 글을 모은 오류 코퍼스에서 어떻게 문형이 사용되고 있는지 사용 빈도를 조사하였다. 학습자들의 문형 사용 빈도순은 문형 전자 사전에 기술되고, 이것은 문형 검색 속도를 최적화할 것이다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 L2KSC(외국어로서의 한국어 음성 말뭉치)의 한국어 부분에서 한국어 낭독과 자유 발화를 분석하여 음성 유형의 운율 차이를 명확히 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 문장의 조음 길이, 조음 속도, 한 문장 내 휴지 길이 및 휴지 빈도, 문장 F0값을 변수로 설정하고 통계적 방법론(t-검정, 상관 분석, 회귀 분석)을 통해 분석하였다. 실험결과, 낭독과 자유 발화는 각 문장을 구성하는 운율구 형태가 구조적으로 달랐는데 각 발화 유형을 구별하는 운율적 요소로는 조음 길이, 휴지 길이, 휴지 빈도로 나타났다. 통계적 결과에서는 낭독 발화는 조음 속도와 조음 길이의 상관관계가 가장 높았는데, 이는 주어진 문장이 길수록 화자가 더 빨리 말하는 것을 설명하였다. 그러나 자유 발화에서는 문장의 조음 길이와 휴지 빈도 사이의 관계가 높았다. 전반적으로 자유 발화에서는 문장을 만들기 위해 짧은 억양구가 지속적으로 만들어지는데, 그런 이유로 더 많은 휴지가 발생하여 문장이 더 길어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2930-2936
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• 2014

본 연구는 이완형 마비말장애군 15명과 정상군 15명을 대상으로 표준화된 문단 읽기 과제인 "가을" (김향희, 1996) 검사를 통해 말속도와 쉼 특성을 측정하여 집단 간 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 이완형 마비말장애군의 전체 속도 및 조음속도는 정상군보다 유의미하게 느렸으며, 전체 쉼 시간 및 문장 내 쉼 시간 또한 정상군보다 유의미하게 길었고, 전체 쉼빈도 및 문장 내 쉼 빈도 역시 정상군보다 유의미하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 문장 간 쉼 구간과 쉼 빈도는 두 집단 간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 이완형 마비말장애인의 말속도 지표를 제공하고, 말속도를 정상 범주로 조절하기 위해서는 조음 속도를 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라, 문장 내 쉼 구간 및 쉼 빈도를 감소시키는 중재가 함께 이루어져야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 1997

The question style In high school enoronmental science textbook was examined in terms of the placement, frequency, and type of question, and then analyzed the kind of scientific Inquiry process elicited by the question In the topic of textbook using the Tektbook guestioning Strategy Assessment Instrument (TQSAI). The average number of question per topic was only 0.6. The number of all Question In the high school enororunental science textbook was very little : the number of non-experiential Question was 8 and that of experiential one was 3. The total number of sentence was 1,236 and the ratio of the number of Question to that of sentence was 0.9% . The frequency of non-experlential question was higher than that of experiential one. In action part of the textbook, there were more kinds of Question styles than In the matin part.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2012

This paper mainly aims to investigate how differently choral speech and altered auditory feedback (i.e., delayed auditory feedback, frequency-altered feedback) enhance speech fluency during sentence reading. To do this, a stuttering reduction rate was used and measured how much stuttering in frequency was reduced during each of the fluency enhancing conditions (i.e, typical choral reading, DAF, FAF) relative to typical solo reading. The results showed that stuttering frequency was reduced in the three fluency enhancing conditions and the highest mean value in stuttering reduction rate was observed during typical choral reading. Some discussion was provided in relation to the stuttering reduction rate observed during typical choral reading and its further speculation.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 특정 주제분야의 텍스트를 대표할 수 있는 단어술어를 추출하고 기본문형을 형성 한 후 각 단서술어의 기본문형을 실례화하여 연결함으로써 요약문을 작성하는 자동요약시스템의 모형을 설계하고 구현하였다. 시스템은 학습과정과 요약과정을 구분되며, 학습과정에서는 술어와 격조사를 출현빈도를 이용하여 주제분야 텍스트집단을 대표하는 단어술어와 필수격 조사를 추출한 뒤 단어술어가 이루는 문장의 기본문형을 형성한다. 요약과정에서 실례화 규직을 요약 대상 문장의 구문 분석 결과에 적용하여 기본문형의 격조사와 결합될 논항을 찾아 단문을 생성하고 연결하여 요약문을 완성한다. ‘화재’및‘강도’와 관련된 신문기사를 대상으로 실험을 수행하였으며, 작성된 요약문은 단어술어가 포함된 주요 문장에서 추출한 필수 정보항목과 술어를 중심으로 생성된 문장들로서 문장간의 연결이 자연스러울 뿐 아니라 텍스트의 전체적인 의미를 표현할 수 있었다. 또한, 통계적 기법을 이용한 학습을 통해 주제영역의 확장이 가능하였다.