• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the role of student immediacy in learning-related positive affective experiences in the technology-mediated education context. In particular, perceived social presence was expected to mediate the relationship between student immediacy and positive affect. Moreover, we hypothesized the moderating role of technology readiness in the relationship between student immediacy and perceived social presence. To test this hypothesis, a survey of approximately 500 undergraduate students who have attended non-face-to-face online courses was conducted. The results revealed that social presence fully mediated the relationship between immediacy and positive affect. That is, students who scored high on the immediacy scale tended to experience a greater level of social presence during online classes; consequently, they tended to demonstrate more positive affect. As expected, technology readiness moderated the relationship between immediacy and social presence. Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on instructor immediacy, the present study contributed to immediacy literature by empirically testing the positive effect of student immediacy on learning. Furthermore, this study revealed the potential importance of communication competence and its progress in predicting student participation and satisfaction, which could have been changed since the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.206-230
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• 2024

Background: The advancement of information and communication technology acts as a key driver in the implementation of smart cities. Smart Public Facilities leverage this technological progress to innovate urban operations, optimizing various city functions, enhancing the quality of public services, and improving citizens' accessibility and convenience. These Smart Public Facilities are introduced for the sustainable development of cities and the enhancement of citizens' quality of life. Method: This study systematically analyzed the public design policies of local governments and examined the use cases of Smart Public Facilities domestically and internationally to evaluate their functions and roles. Through this, the effectiveness and sustainability of public design policies were comprehensively reviewed, and the impact of Smart Public Facilities on urban operations and citizens' lives was analyzed from multiple perspectives. Results: The introduction of Smart Public Facilities significantly enhances the implementation and efficiency of public design policies, playing a crucial role in sustainable urban development and improving citizens' quality of life. Furthermore, positive impacts were observed in various areas such as energy management, transportation systems, and environmental monitoring. Major challenges included managing technological changes, ensuring data privacy and cybersecurity, and strengthening citizen participation. Conclusion: Smart Public Facilities serve as essential infrastructure for improving urban efficiency, sustainability, and citizens' quality of life. Successful implementation and operation require systematic management and citizen participation. Through this, Smart Public Facilities will support sustainable urban development and play a critical role in responding to environmental changes. To ensure that Smart Public Facilities function effectively as urban infrastructure, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate their impact on the efficiency of public design policies, sustainability, citizens' quality of life, and the local economy, and to suggest concrete measures for their introduction and operation.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.231-250
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• 2024

This research aims to enhance donor engagement by increasing the transparency of nonprofit donation platforms. Donations are primarily based on social trust, and a lack of transparency on these platforms can significantly reduce donor motivation. To address this issue, the study analyzes the user experience of existing donation platforms, identifies problems, and explores potential improvements. The research began with a literature review to examine the social need for donations and their effectiveness. The findings indicate that donors place a high value on transparency and are less willing to donate when this element is lacking. Specifically, when donors can clearly see how their contributions are being utilized, they experience greater psychological satisfaction and are more likely to continue donating. The study analyzed various platforms to identify issues causing user discomfort and compared elements aimed at enhancing transparency. By employing the KJ affinity method and the Double Diamond process, the study aimed to understand the problem's nature and propose solutions considering the interactions between donors and nonprofits. A key conclusion is the critical importance of making information more accessible and intuitive. The findings suggest that greater transparency can help build donor trust, improve nonprofit efficiency, and contribute to a more robust giving ecosystem. Additionally, platforms with increased transparency facilitate ongoing communication between donors and nonprofits, fostering an environment where donors become more actively engaged in their giving. This strategy is expected to play a vital role in promoting a sustainable culture of giving based on mutual trust.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.60-78
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• 2024

Social Network Service(SNS) has fundamentally changed the scope, boundaries, and dynamics of social interactions, becoming an integral part of everyday social communication for individuals and significantly altering the decision-making processes of individuals and organizations. Although prior studies have agreed that individual motivations significantly affect travel experience sharing behavior on SNS, different motivations need to be further examined. Also, there is little empirical study that examines the relationships between social capital and motivations. To address these gaps, this study developed a research model to investigate how two types of social capital (i.e., bridging and bonding) influence individual motivations (i.e., self-enhancement and altruism motivations), which in turn contributes to travel experience sharing behavior on SNS. The online survey was conducted from March 3 to March 17, 2021, and 516 responses were included in the data analysis. Structural Equation Modeling was applied to test the hypotheses in a research model. This research provided a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between motivations and social capital, contributing to a better understanding of why tourists share their travel experiences on SNS.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.189-193
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• 2024

As cyber threats increase in the defense sector, the security of weapon system software is becoming increasingly important. Currently, most of the embedded software installed in domestic weapon systems operates based on foreign real-time operating systems(RTOS) that have no security. As a result, the localization and security enhancement of embedded software for weapon systems have emerged as urgent tasks. This study aims to propose the application and development strategies of secure RTOS for weapon systems. To this end, we examined the technological trends of domestic and foreign RTOS and secure RTOS, and analyzed the problems of current embedded software in weapon systems. The results revealed major issues such as low localization, vulnerability to cyber attacks, difficulty in maintenance, increased costs, and loss of opportunities for accumulating technological capabilities. An investigation of the current status of embedded software applied to existing weapon systems found that embedded SW are in operation across all fields, including maneuver, firepower, protection, command and control, communication, naval vessels, and aircraft. Among them, 99% rely on foreign RTOS such as VxWorks. A review of the core functions and applicability of secure RTOS to weapon systems suggests that it can be applied to key areas requiring real-time performance and security, such as fire control, navigation devices, and flight control in existing and future weapon systems. However, ensuring performance and reliability, securing verification and compatibility, and systematic government support were raised as prerequisites.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.42-49
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• 2024

In the electromagnetic wave shielding material market, superior shielding performance in the high-frequency range, along with flexibility and durability, has emerged as critical requirements. The need for high-performance EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) films to address electromagnetic wave interference issues is growing, particularly in various industrial sectors such as smart electronic devices, automotive electronic systems, and communication equipment. In this study, a trimodal silver paste was developed and fabricated into an EMI film, with its performance evaluated. The developed silver paste, utilizing a modified epoxy binder, exhibited properties suitable for screen printing processes. The film demonstrated excellent shielding performance, with an average attenuation of -99 dB in the high-frequency range of the 5G spectrum (26.5 GHz to 40 GHz), and a shielding effectiveness of -90.3 dB at 33.6 GHz. Flexibility and durability tests showed that the film maintained its flexibility even at a curvature radius of 1 mm. In the bending cycle test, the resistance increased by approximately 25.5% from 0.51 Ω to 0.64 Ω after 10,000 cycles in the outer bending scenario, while in the inner bending scenario, the resistance decreased by about 3.6%, indicating reduced resistance to compressive stress.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.310-317
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• 2024

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a major primary indoor air pollutant with various adverse effects on the human body, includingsuch as sick building syndrome, lung cancer, and nasal cancer. Therefore, gas sensors for effective HCHO detection detecting HCHO are crucial for maintaining a healthy indoor environments, and research is being conducted to develop high-performance sensors for this purpose. AnOne of the effective methods for enhancing the to enhance sensing properties is involves modifying the p-n heterojunction structure, which improves sensing through via electronic sensitization based on the expanded depletion region and chemical sensitization that dissociates specific gases. In this studyHerein, weWe fabricated NiO-decorated In₂O₃ NRs using an e-beam evaporator based on the glancing angle deposition technique by optimizing the NiO thickness (0, 1, 2, and 3 nm). When exposed to 50 ppm HCHO, NiO-decorated In₂O₃ NRs showed a 3.91%-fold enhancement in the gas response (Ra/Rg-1= 23.9) and a 41.47% faster response time (40.7 s) than-compared to bare In₂O₃ NRs with an extremely low theoretical detection limit of ≈approximately 9.3 ppb.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.318-325
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• 2024

In this study, we fabricated TiO₂-decorated SnO₂ nanorods (TSNRs) via glancing-angle deposition to achieve highly sensitive and selective CH₃COCH₃ detection. The gas-sensing properties of the TSNRs were systematically investigated, and the optimal sensing performance was achieved at 350℃ by 2-nm-thick TSNRs. When the sensors were exposed to 50 ppm of various gases (CH₃COCH₃, C₂H₅OH, C₅H₈, CH₄, and CO), the 2-nm-thick TSNRs demonstrated a 4.6-fold increase in response (R_a/R_g-1=134) to CH₃COCH₃ compared with bare SnO₂ nanorods (R_a/R_g-1=29.5) and exhibited excellent selectivity. In a high-humid environment (relative humidity = 80%), the 2-nm-thick TSNRs indicated a low theoretical detection limit of ≈5.31 ppb for CH₃COCH₃. These results suggest the significant potential of the proposed sensor for use in Internet-of-Things applications, particularly under extreme environmental conditions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.16-42
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• 1978

This survey was made for a month starting from November 15 to December 15, 1977 covering 711 students taking the junior. (3rd-yea.) and the senior. (4th-year) at nine college of nursing in Seoul concerning their perception and Attitude toward the profession of nursing, motive for the necessity of learning, environment of study, attitude of study and particulars relevant with study performance, particulars of library, references and reading, assignments and particulars of the degree of confidence for the learning achievement. Through the survey of the above Particulars, the following results were obtained by classifying all subject matters and by analysing motive of the selection of their course, awarding or not awarding of scholarships. 1. General characteristics: it was revealed that 406 students (57.1%) were attending at the junior. while 305 students (42.9%) were taking the senior. Thus, the total number was 711 and their average age was 21.4 years. Their dwelling category was; 73.9 percent of them resided at their parent's home, 214 students (30.1%) were awarded with scholarships. The reason to be attracted by nursing science was the possibility of continuing social life after graduation (43.5%). 2. Their perception and attitude toward the profession of nursing: According to the perception of profession by the students of each grade, students of the 4th grade showed comparatively strong conception. Also, students of the 4th grade showed more positive attitude in the purchase and reading of magazines relative with the science of nursing, in the reading of Code for Nurses and in their interest in the activity of nursing field. For the necessity of mission of nurse, 97.7 percent of the entire number of students covered responded to necessity. For the necessity of the particular humanity and particularity in the character of nurses, 95.8 percent of those students responded to necessity. By the each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more response. 3. As to professional field desired after completing the professional course: 57 percent of those students desired for clinician nurse while 55 percents desired for community health-nurse. 4. As to the environment of study: they were mostly satisfied with their present residential environment. However, they complained of inconvenience at their lecture-halls. Students of the 3rd grade showed more complain. As to their attitude toward the adjustment of environment of study, they showed a affirmative response. As to the opinion of factors which interfere with their study, comparatively strong response was showed in their scepticism in the science of nursing, insufficient comprehension in general learning, relation with professors n4 discrepancy in the method of study. According to opinions of students at each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more scepticism. 5. Particulars relative with their attitude and performance of study : As to their knowledge of the objectives of their study of subject, the majority was to study with a partial knowledge of the objectives of their study. As to the plan of study, a low percentage indicated management of routine life under regular scheduling. Students of the 4th grade responded to rather planned life. As to time spent in independent study, response to concentrated study when necessary was stronger than that to regular daily study. Students of the 4th grade showed stronger response to regular study than that of the 3rd grade. As to the contents of their note-taking, 67.4 percents of those students responded to such regulatory procedure performing in the lecture-hall as they listen to lectures. 17.3 percents of those students showed response to adding supplementary informations from references to what was entered in choir note-taking at their lecture-halls. 6. Particulars of library, references and reading books: As to receiving of instruction for the utilization of library and time of receiving such instruction 64.7 percents of those students had received such instruction. 66.7 percents of the those responded received such instruction at orientation conducted for freshmen. As to the convenience of the utilization of library, 49.9 percents of those students responded to convenience. However, students of the 3rd grade showed a much stronger response to inconvenience. As to the time of the utilization of library,92.5 percents of those students showed a response to occasional utilization for particular purpose than regular utilization. 53.2 percents of those students responded to ordinary in quantity that library have references. 34.2 percents of those students responded to insufficient. As to the particular relative with the method and field of reading: 53.5 percents of those students responded to intensive reading and was the majority. As to the reading field, fiction u as the majority. When read any books for their major, they usually rend Korean text-b, oks. 7. Particular relative with giving assignment: All respondents were well aware of the objectives of giving home tasks. As to the attitude toward assignments and performing home tasks, 54.8 percents of those students to making ostentatious study because of an excessive quantity of assignments imposed. For performing assignment, they showed comparatively positive response. Also, 52.2 percents of those students responded that they usually submitted complected assignment with references. 8. As to motive to realize the necessity of study : 55.6 percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in communication with patients when they were engaged in clinical practice. Also, 8.6, the lowest percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in the course of conversation with nurses when they were engaged in clinical practice. 9. As to the determination of their confidence in the performance of study relative with clinical experience: They showed a general inclination of having in nursing. The major response was that they came to well comprehend the patients families. the lowest response was that they could apply what was learned at lecture-hall to practice. This response incidentally showed the distance the lecture-hall and practical study. In general items, students of the 4th grade showed more favorable response than students of the 3rd grade and there was a significant difference. 10. As to the perception and attitude toward profession according to the motive of selecting the nursing science : Those who selected the nursing voluntarily showed stronger conception than those who selected the nursing through indirect influence. However, there was no significant difference on this point. Only there was a remarkable difference in the reading of Code for Nurses. 11. Those who showed a stronger conception in the profession of nursing according to the motives of attractive nursing science indicated a strong will and ability to manage stable life and comparatively strong response was shown in the management of good home life because of the good adaptability of the science to their character. This group showed a strong conception of the profession than those who responded that they prefer this profession out of a longing for the work of a hospital and for the easy obtaining of opportunity to immigrate to over seas and for economic cause and for high school grade. There was significant difference between these two groups, 12. As to the conception and attitude toward the profession of nursing according to benefits by scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarship showed stronger conception of profession than those who did not receive scholarship and there was a remarkable difference between these two categories. However, there was no remarkable difference between these two categories in the extent of interest of the activities of nursing fields and in the reading of Code for Nurses. 13. As activation for study according to the benefits of scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarships showed stronger response to the motive for study comparing with those who receive. 14. As to tile field of reading according to the benefits by scholarships, those who received scholarships tended to read autobiographies and essayers to a considerable extent. Those who did not receive scholarships tended to read novels. Those who received scholarships more read nursing boots than those who did not receive scholarships. 15. As to the attitude of study and doing of assignment according to benefits of scholarships, those who received scholarships managed a favorable life with schedules for study, More students of receiving scholarship showed a regular study for more than one hour per day. Also, in the method of doing home tasks, more students of receiving scholarship showed reference to relative books frequently for the submission of completed assignments.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

A safety management rule of the diagnosis radiation system which opened a court 2006 February 10th was promulgated for safety of the radiation worker, patients and patients' family members. The purpose of this study is to minimize injury by radiation that can happen to patients and people around a sick ward when managing mobile X-ray system. This study analyzed sickroom environment of mobile X-ray examination and the statistical data of the Konkuk medical Information System(KIS) and the Picture Archiving Communication System(PACS). This study also investigated patient conditions, infection, relation information and related data, when the sickroom mobile X-ray examination is used. Through data analysis, many problems were expected such as restriction of space side, manpower and expense of business side, satisfaction degree decline of patient and protector of operation side. Therefore, we tried to restrict examination of multi bed sickroom, and to use treatment room in each ward to solve problem mentioned. As a result, the whole sickroom mobile X-ray examination rate decreased to near 50%, and mobile X-ray examination rate for inpatients decreased to more than 85%. This study shows that several attempts we did should be helpful for manpower, patients satisfaction and expenses. Also, they should protect patients in sickroom from unnecessary radiation exposure and could minimize inconvenience of patients and their family members from x-ray examination.