• International Journal of Railway
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study is to highlight the effects of the Bolman and Deal's multi-frame leadership on the several dependent variables such as job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, effective goal attainment, promotion speed, and recognition as more a leader than a manager. To attain this purpose, 488 questionnaires verified to be free from flaws were processed through SPSS 14 Windows. The major finding was that versatile and adroit use of multiple frames can contribute to the effectiveness and success of the leader. That is, the multi-frame leadership had strong relationships with dependent variables such as trust and respects from subordinates, effective attainment of unit's goal, job satisfaction, recognition as more a real leader than as a manager, and promotion speed of boss. When we consider the ever-increasing environmental complexity surrounding every organization and the growing levels of needs of employees, the use of multi-frame leadership is not an 'ought' but a 'must' for all the people who aspire to become effective and successful leaders.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-110
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• 2015

Science and technology diplomacy has become an important policy agenda because of its diplomatic utility and enhancing of international science networks. However, different countries possess different objectives and governance of S&T diplomacy. In this context, this paper seeks to answer the following questions: what are the similarities and differences of S&T diplomacy in countries and what shapes these characteristics? To answer these questions, this paper conducts a comparative case study with five countries - Switzerland, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States - whose S&T diplomatic programs are highly recognized and benchmarked by other countries. A useful typology is devised to conduct a systematic comparison. For S&T diplomatic objectives, this paper suggests five types by elaborating concepts from the previous literature: access diplomacy, promotion diplomacy, public aid diplomacy, functional diplomacy, and global leadership diplomacy. Also, in terms of a governance model for S&T diplomacy, three models - a sciencecentered model, a science-outsourcing model and a top-down coordinating model - are suggested based on leadership organization. This paper reveals the different characteristics of the selected countries in S&T diplomacy. While the selected countries pursue almost every type of S&T diplomatic objective, the US and the UK tend to conduct influence-based diplomacy more than other countries do. In addition, different countries each have unique governance models for S&T diplomacy. While more research is necessary for vigorously testing the causes of different objectives and their relationship with governance models, this paper suggests more general policy implications throughout. The strength of the country's S&T base is fundamentally important for the success of S&T diplomacy. However, domestic S&T assets need to be transferred to its diplomatic capabilities. In this sense, the appropriate governance that fits best with the country's S&T mission should be established, while S&T communities should increasingly play a leadership role in evolving global S&T networks.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.251-259
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• 2021

Purpose : This descriptive study examined the correlation between college life stress, self-leadership, sociality, and the three variables of nursing students. Methods : This study surveyed 225 college students majoring in nursing at City B from May to June 2021. The collected data were analyzed for frequency, percentage ratio, mean, and standard deviation using SPSS/WIN 22.0. For the analysis, t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffé's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. Results : The college life stress of nursing students was 2.12±0.67, self-leadership was 3.41±0.59, and sociality was 3.19±0.42. College life stress as measured by grade (F=3.49, p=.016), major satisfaction(F=3.83, p=.005), happiness index(F=6.38, p=.000), and health status(F=4.61, p<.001) showed significant differences. Self-leadership showed a significant difference in satisfaction with college majors(F=7.02, p=.000). Sociality showed significant differences in college satisfaction(F=3.88, p=.005), happiness index(F=2.72, p=.031), and health status (F=2.92, p=.022). Self-leadership and sociality were positively correlated(r=.147, p=.028). Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, repeated research on college life stress, self-leadership, and sociality of nursing students is required, and attention and effort are needed to develop programs that can reduce college life stress and foster self-direction.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.144-165
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop 'Appropriate Technology' theme STEAM Program for the elementary students and investigate the effects of the program on creative thinking activity, scientific attitude and leadership. Participants were 3grade 85 elementary school students. Before and after the program, the participants were asked to take the tests about creative thinking activity, scientific attitude and leadership. The major results of this study were as follows. First, the total score of experimental group's creative thinking activity and all 4 sub-domains was significantly improved than those of comparative group(p<.05). Second, the total score of experimental groups' scientific attitude was significantly improved than that of comparative group(p<.05). Among 7 sub-domains, curiosity, voluntariness, perseverance were significantly developed. Third, total score of experimental groups' leadership was significantly increased than that of comparative group after the STEAM program (p<.05). In the first factor, the score of inner and inter personal characteristics were significantly developed.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influencing factors of self-leadership, academic self-efficacy and instructor-student interaction on self-directed learning in nursing college students. Methods: This study used a descriptive survey design. Participants were 190 nursing college students at three universities in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Data were collected from May 10 to June 12, 2016 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 19.0. Results: The results showed that the self-leadership of the nursing students was 3.49, academic self-efficacy, 3.17, instructor-student interaction, 3.71, and self-directed learning, 3.43, respectively. Self-directed learning of nursing college students was positively associated with self-leadership(r=.65, p<.001), academic self-efficacy(r=.61, p<.001) and instructor-student interaction (r=.36, p<.001). 001). Self-leadership, academic self - efficacy, major satisfaction, GPA 4.0 or above explained 65% of the total variance in self-directed learning among nursing college students. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that nursing interventions for increasing self-leadership, academic self-efficacy and major satisfaction should be developed to improve self-directed learning of nursing students. Additional studies for changes in the overall teaching and learning environment to promote the self-directed learning environment in nursing education should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.122-130
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the nursing college students' problem solving ability, nurses' image and leadership and compare problem solving ability, nurses' amage and leadership after management clinical practice. A descriptive survey design was used 60 nursing students who 4th grade, during August 2014. Data were analyzed using mean, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS 21.0. The highest area was 'get a gob' in application motivation, 'from nurse during clinical training' in most influencing events. Satisfaction with nursing as major was 83.4% above 'moderate'. There were significant mean differences in nurses' image according to having relation nurse and satisfaction with nursing as major, leadership according to application motivation and satisfaction with nursing as major and personality, problem solving ability according to having relation nurse and personality. The subject scored 3.32 points of full 5 on problem solving ability, 3.41 of full 5 on nurses' image and 3.62 of full 5 on leadership before management clinical practice. Scores for problem solving ability(t=-2.15, p=.03), nurses' image(t=-2.67, p=.01) and leadership(t=-2.20, p=.03) showed statistically significant increases after management practice. The result should be reflected in the development of effective teaching for management clinical practice.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

Purpose - This study aims to develop diagnostic indices for managerial performance of agro-food distribution corporations. In particular, weights of diagnostic indices were estimated using the AHP method. Management diagnosis on agro-food distribution corporations is expected to increase their competitiveness in the domestic market as well as in international markets. Research design, data, and methodology - It develops weights or importance of the diagnostic indices based upon the survey of 21 experts in food distribution management. The survey was carried out using e-mail. Management diagnostic indices were developed based upon four BSC(Balanced Scorecard) perspectives of finance, learning/growth/leadership, customer, and internal process/technology. Results - Diagnostic indices on financial perspective consist on profitability, productivity, growth, stability and activity. Learning and leadership perspective indices consist of management will, CEO leadership, level of learning, innovation, and level of management information system. Customer perspective indices are branding, customer and channel management and internal process/technology indices consist of fourteen sub-indices representing technologies, efficiency, and dynamics. It was estimated that the weight of financial perspective index was 0.3, internal process/technology perspective index 0.248, customer category index 0.247, and learning, growth and leadership perspective index 0.205. This study also estimates weights of sub-indices for managerial diagnosis by four different perspectives. Estimated weight of profitability (0.085) is the greatest among financial perspective indices, followed by stability (0.072), growth (0.053), productivity (0.051), and activity (0.038). While estimated weights of leadership, capability, and information indices are 0.100, 0.061, and 0.044 respectively, weights of marketing, customer management, and quality and service indices are 0.104, 0.093, and 0.051, respectively. Among internal process/technology perspective, estimated weights of efficiency, technology, and innovation indices are 0.106, 0.088, and 0.054, respectively. Conclusions - The diagnostic indices for managerial performance of agro-food distribution corporations would be utilized by agro-food distribution corporations themselves, extension service institutions, and consultants. It is also expected that central and local governments use diagnostic indices developed in this study for the purpose of evaluating the effects of governmental support programs for agro-food distribution corporations. Futhermore researchers and consultants would modify diagnostic indices developed in this study, reflecting characteristics and situation of types of agro-food distribution corporations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.285-295
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• 2021

This study estimates the influence of organizational-level factors on work motivation and job performance of middle managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. A 5-point-Likert-scale structural questionnaire consisting of 36 observation variables was used to survey middle managers of Vietnamese SMEs. 425 out of 500 responses collected were valid for multivariate data analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling reveal three main findings. First, philosophy and policy, compensation and benefits, goal system, and leadership have positively significant impacts on the work motivation of middle managers under investigation. Second, there is a significantly positive influence of work motivation on job performance. However, there is no indication that growth opportunities, work environment, evaluation system have significant impacts on the work motivation of respondents. Based on the findings, the study suggests four recommendations for Vietnamese SMEs to improve motivation and job performance of middle managers, which are (1) ensuring the clarity and soundness of the organizational policies and philosophies, especially human resources policy that boosts employees' work motivation; (2) building a comprehensive compensation and benefit system to attract and retain talented employees; (3) developing a clear and adequate goal system; (4) enhancing top-level managers' leadership abilities.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.1 s.32
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• pp.166-178
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• 2007

A review of literature relating to the research topic and a survey method have been implemented in order to analyze effects of service orientation. For data analysis, a reliability analysis was performed to test the reliability of the construct and a series of an exploratory factor analysis was used for the validity test. The findings of the study were as follows: Classified into sex, service leadership factor and service skill factor showed meaningful difference between groups. Classified with age, service training factor, service leadership factor, service standardization factor, service technology factor, and service compensation factor showed meaningful difference between groups. Classified with scholarship, service compensation factor showed meaningful difference. Classified into working year, employees' discretion factor showed meaningful difference. Classified into work department, service training factor and employees' right factor showed meaningful difference. In addition, classified into monthly average incomes, employees' discretion factor showed meaningful difference.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2008

Plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum are the key virulence factor in pathogenesis of soft rot disease of vegetables. The production of PCWDEs is controlled in a cell density dependent manner to avoid the premature production of PCWDEs and subsequent activation of plant defense. N-oxoacyl-homoserine lactone (OHL) is essential for quorum sensing in the soft rot pathogen and the expI gene is responsible for OHL production. The ExpI homolog isolated from P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum SL940 had 94% identity with ExpI of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora scc3193 and 74% identity with Carl of E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica. The transgenic plants that express exp I uner the control of CaMV35S promoter were able to produce diffusible OHL. Transgenic plants producing OHL were very resistant to the infection of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Since the PR1 gene was strongly induced and NPR1 and NPR4 were induced weakly in transgenic plants compared to the wild type, salicylic acid-dependent pathways is likely involved in the resistance to the soft rot pathogen P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in ExpI transgenic plants.