• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.95-113
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop and validate a scale which could be used to evaluate mathematical interactions of parents with their young children. The subjects comprised 408 mothers of 4-6-year-old children. Means, standard deviation, $x^2$, Cramer's V, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were calculated. First, 49 items were developed through a review of relevant research, parent interviews, confirmation of item adequacy and content validity. These items were then edited down to a final list of 24 items representing 4 factors identified by exploratory factor analysis. Second, this 24-item. 4-factor scale was shown to have adequate construct validity, norm validity, and reliability by confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. In conclusion, the final mathematical interaction scale for young children's parents was composed of 24 items with 4 factors: "interaction regarding numbers and operations, measurements, and patterns", "interaction regarding data collection and result presentation", "interaction with picture books", and "interaction regarding shapes and figures"

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-100
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• 1986

Self-contained portable remote-indicating magnetic compass was designed and tested. Its sensing part consists of main scale disk of rotary encoder with photo-etched 180, oopaque slits and three pairs of light sources and detectors seperated by a transparent index scale, so that any angular deflection of main scale disk against the bowl may be detected optically. The outputs from the sensing part are transformed into digital ship's course indication by electronics unit which consists of operational amplifier, phase discriminator, up-down counter and counting starter circuit. The results from testign the above compass with turntable at variable rate of turn are as following : 1) The main scale disk deflection against the bowl can be detected without any disturbing influence to the freedom of its north-seeking function. 2) The digital indication resolution is found to be $\circ \pm$1 degree. 3) Misrepresenting indication can be avoided by ensuring dimension uniformity and arrangement accuracy of slits on main and index scale disks and by centering pivot in the encoder disk. 4) Indication resolution should be improved by modifying the signal processing and by doubling the number of slits on compass card. 5) Further study should be made on developing non-conductive compass liquid, analogue repeater driving system and more compact processing element.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2824-2837
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• 2019

Container technologies are widely used in infrastructures to deploy and manage applications in cloud computing environment. As containers are light-weight software, the cluster of cloud applications can easily scale up or down to provide Internet-based services. Container-based applications can well deal with fluctuate workloads by dynamically adjusting physical resources. Current works of scheduling applications often construct applications' performance models with collected historical training data, but these works with static models cannot self-adjust physical resources to meet the dynamic requirements of cloud computing. Thus, we propose a self-adaptive automatic container scheduling framework AutoScale for cloud applications, which uses a feedback-based approach to adjust physical resources by extending, contracting and migrating containers. First, a queue-based performance model for cloud applications is proposed to correlate performance and workloads. Second, a fuzzy Kalman filter is used to adjust the performance model's parameters to accurately predict applications' response time. Third, extension, contraction and migration strategies based on predicted response time are designed to schedule containers at runtime. Furthermore, we have implemented a framework AutoScale with container scheduling strategies. By comparing with current approaches in an experiment environment deployed with typical applications, we observe that AutoScale has advantages in predicting response time, and scheduling containers to guarantee that response time keeps stable in fluctuant workloads.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.387-401
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the emotional state related to dental fear, hospital anxiety and depresison, and frequency of stress symproms of orofacial region. For this study, Dnetal Fear Surfey(DFS) scale, the Hospital ANxiety and Depression(HAD) scale, and Stress Symptom Questionnaire(SSQ) designed by the author were used in 549 dental outpatients. Dental Fear Survey scale is composed of avoidance of dentistry(AVOI), physiologic response scale(PRS) and dental stimulus response scale(DSRS). The Hospital anxiety and Depresiosn scale is composed of hospital anxiety(HA) and hospital depressoin (HD). Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS program and the results were as follows : 1. The item of the highest positive response rate in DFS scale was 'feeling drill'(82.0%), and in the HAD scale was ' feel as if I am slowed down'(84.1%). 2. Mean score of AVOI, PRS, DSRS and HD were higher in the older group(>25yr) than the yoiunger group(<25yr) and female patients showed higher score of DSRS, HA than male patients. 3. Mean number of items of stress symptoms in extraoral region were 3.4, and in intraoral region, were 4.7. Tongue wymptoms were increased in the older toup and female patients had more stress symptoms than male patients. 4. Correlation between DFS scale and HAD scale were significantly positive and these scales were also apositively correlated with tongue symptoms. 5. As for treatment types, the patients treated in the department of periodontics,conservative dentistry, and oral surgery showed higher score of DFS scale than the patients with temporomandibular disorders or treatedin the department of orthodontics.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.928-941
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• 2016

Energy consumption of today's wired data networks is driven by access networks. Today, green networking has become a issue to reduce energy wastes and $CO_2$ emission by adding energy managing mechanism to wired data networks. However, energy consumption and environmental impacts of wired access networks are largely unknown. In addition, there is a lack of general and quantitative valuation basis of energy use of large-scale access networks and $CO_2$ emissions from them. This paper compared and analyzed limits of existing models estimating energy consumption of access networks and it proposed a model to estimate energy consumption of large-scale access networks by top-down approach. In addition, this work presented models that assess environmental(anti-greening) impacts of access networks using results from our models. The performance evaluation of the proposed models are achieved by comparing with previous models based on existing investigated materials and actual measured values in accordance with real cases.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce a novel method to reduce image to a small size, such that the quality of the image is improved when it is up-scaled. Recent hardwares including cameras and display devices allow us to capture and display high-resolution images. However, it is not always realistic to store and transmit those high-resolution images due to limitation of storage and network bandwidth. Therefore, high-resolution images are often down-scaled to be stored and transmitted, and then up-scaled back for display. To improve final image quality in this scenario, we first formulate selected up-scale methods as linear transformations. The optimal reduction methods are obtained as its inverse transformation. Based on this basic idea, we develop down-scale kernel that is optimized for each up-scale method. In our experiment, the proposed method could improve the quality of the up-scaled image noticeable.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.36-54
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• 2004

The disposition of public parks pursue proper distribution and hierarchy formations on the basis of the neighborhood units theory. However, problems like price of land has brought about a large gap between theories and real conditions. This paper examines the problems of the practical disposition and disposition standards of public parks to solve these contradictions with reference to examples in Japan metro-cities. Study results are as follows; 1) The existing disposition theories are based on the district-boundary of men’s acting and settling down. Therefore, the disposition standards of large-scale parks or special parks beyond the humane scale have not been explained exactly. 2) As city sizes have expanded, these large-scale parks have developed greatly, however, they are located out of urban areas on the ground of nature’s geographical features. As a result, many small parks developed in urban areas. This extreme phenomenon of location would break up proper distribution and hierarchy. 3) Large parks over 4 ha not only take an important role in forming greenbelts but their location is also mainly based on their natural geographical features so that they are absorbed into the network -structure of greenbelts. 4) It is suggested that in planning parks, location and size of large parks over 4 ha should be selected and decided in the relation not with parks but with greenbelts. Parks of 4 ha or below are properly disposed. Also, these parks take a great role in forming the district boundary for settling down. Accordingly, proper distribution and hierarchy formation needs to be based on established neighborhood as they were previously.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.793-803
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• 2021

The small PWR has been paid more and more attention due to its diversity of application and flexibility in the site selection. However, the large core power density, the small containment space and the rapid accident progress characteristics make it difficult to control the containment pressure like the traditional PWR during the LOCA. The pressure suppression system has been used by the BWR since the early design, which is a suitable technique that can be applied to the small PWR. Since the configuration and operating conditions are different from the BWR, the pressure suppression system should be redesigned for the small PWR. Conducting the experiments on the scale down test facility is a good choice to reproduce the prototypical phenomena in the test facility, which is both economical and reasonable. A systematic scaling method referring to the H2TS method was proposed to determine the geometrical and thermohydraulic parameters of the pressure suppression containment response test facility for the small PWR conceptual design. The containment and the pressure suppression system related thermohydraulic phenomena were analyzed with top-down and bottom-up scaling methods. A set of the scaling criteria were obtained, through which the main parameters of the test facility can be determined.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.4795-4815
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• 2020

Drone detection can be considered as a specific sort of small object detection, which has always been a challenge because of its small size and few features. For improving the detection rate of drones, we design a Deeper SSD network, which uses large-scale input image and deeper convolutional network to obtain more features that benefit small object classification. At the same time, in order to improve object classification performance, we implemented the up-sampling modules to increase the number of features for the low-level feature map. In addition, in order to improve object location performance, we adopted the down-sampling modules so that the context information can be used by the high-level feature map directly. Our proposed Deeper SSD and its variants are successfully applied to the self-designed drone datasets. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the Deeper SSD and its variants, which are useful to small drone's detection and recognition. These proposed methods can also detect small and large objects simultaneously.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.26-38
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• 2015

고집적화를 위한 Floating Gate NAND 개발과정에서 몇 차례 기술적 한계상황에 직면하였었지만, Air-Gap, Double patterning, Multi-level Cell, Error Correction Code과 같은 breakthrough idea 을 활용하여 1Xnm까지 성공적인 scale-down 을 하였고 10nm 까지도 바라보고 있지만, 10nm 미만으로는 적절한 방안을 찾지 못한 상황입니다. CTD 의 3D NAND Flash는 Aspect Ratio, Poly channel의 intrinsic 특성, Data 보존 능력 등 해결 해야 할 issue 들이 남아 있지만, F.G Flash 의 지난 20년간 Lesson-learn 과 Band engineering, Channel Si, PUC 의 요소기술 개발 및 System algorithm 개발, QLC 개발 등을 통하여 F.G Flash를 넘어 지속적인 Cost-down 이 가능할 것입니다.