• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

연구는 설문지를 통하여 치과위생사의 인구사회학적 특성, 근무관련 특성, 건강행태와 생활스트레스, 사회심리적 스트레스, 직무스트레스, 자아존중감을 조사하고 이들이 타액 내 코티졸 농도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 연구대상은 2010년 2월 현재 대구 경북 치과 위생사 협회에 등록된 219명의 치과위생사로 하였으며, 타액 채취는 오후 5시를 기준으로 전후 30분까지 하였으며, 타액채취와 설문지를 동시에 할 수 있는 날짜를 선정, 2010년 3월 12일부터 3월 26일까지 실시하였다. 생활스트레스에서는 현재직장 근속년수(p<0.05), 자가 건강상태, 규칙적인 식사(p<0.01)에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 사회심리적 스트레스는 연령(p<0.05), 일일 근무시간(p<0.01), 자가건강상태, 수면시간, 규칙적인 식사, 취미여가활동(p<0.01)에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 직무스트레스는 학력(p<0.05), 직무경력, 직급, 같은부서의 인력 적절성, 현재직장 근속년수(p<0.05)가 유의한 차이가 있었다. 자아존중감은 자가건강상태(p<0.01), 수면시간(p<0.05), 취미여가활동(p<0.01)에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 타액 코티졸 농도에서는 정규시간 외 근무일(p<0.05), 자가건강상태(p<0.05)가 유의한 차이가 있었고 직무스트레스와 타액 코티졸 농도에는 약한 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 건강행태가 생활스트레스에 대한 경로계수는 -36.807(p<0.05)로, 건강행태가 사회심리적 스트레스 -5.209(p<0.001)로, 건강행태가 자아존중감 0.561(p<0.05)에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 생활스트레스가 사회심리적 스트레스 0.012(p<0.05)로, 자아존중감이 사회심리적 스트레스 -2.437(p<0.001)로, 사회심리적 스트레스가 직무스트레스 0.523(p<0.001)로 유의하게 영향을 미쳤다. 직무스트레스가 타액 코티졸농도 -0.060(p<0.05)로 유의하게 영향을 미쳤다. 이 연구에서는 직무스트레스가 타액 코티졸 농도에 유의하게 영향을 미치나 음의 상관성을 보여 만성적 직무스트레스에 의한 코티졸 농도의 고갈을 고려해 볼 수도 있겠다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.502-513
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• 2018

Objectives: Stress hormone (cortisol) can be used to analyze psychological and physiological changes and healing effects before and after in blood and saliva. Here it is applied to scientifically validate the effects of the healthy forest experience in Deogyusan Mountain National Park. Methods: A healthy forest experience program was provided to college students (males and females) at Deogyusan National Park. Stress, hormones (cortisol), blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation and stress, anxiety, and depression were measured. This study was designed to objectively analyze the effects of stress hormones before and after. Results: Depression, stress, anxiety, and satisfaction with the forest experience program in Deogyusan National Park were very high in reliability in terms of Cronbach's Alpha: depression scored 0.910, stress 0.558, anxiety 0.934, program satisfaction 0.826, and program effectiveness 0.894. Conclusions: In this study, we utilized the Healthy Forest Experience Program and the 'Health and Medical Center Health Record Book' of the Health Forest Experience Program (Ministry of Environment's Environmental Education Certification Program). In the future, we will seek ways to utilize saliva since it is easier to collect than blood samples and apply the stress hormone cortisol as a saliva authentication program. In addition, by implementing ecological welfare programs in which nature and human beings coexist through systematic preservation and restoration, the national park management can utilize ecological, scenic and cultural services wisely. We expect to be able to provide exploration and welfare services.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.829-836
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• 2010

Purpose : This study investigated the diurnal rhythm of cortisol in male and female adolescents. Methods : Salivary cortisol was examined in 52 normally developing subjects aged 13 to 14 years. Subjects provided saliva samples at 08:00h, 12:00h, 16:00h and 20:00h. Results : Males and females showed similar pattern of cortisol, which elevated cortisol in the morning and decreased in the evening. There were no differences of gender at 08:00h, 12;00h and 20:00h. There were also not difference between males and females using an area under the curve analysis. Conclusions : The same diurnal cortisol rhythm were found in male and female adolescents. Further research is needed to examine differences of gender in cortisol awakening response.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.895-900
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• 2016

The present study aims to confirm the influence of a horse-riding lesson program (HRLP) on the stress level of horses and riders by respectively analyzing their salivary cortisol concentration. Twenty-four healthy horses and 23 riders participated in this study. The horses were randomly classified into two groups for the horse riding lesson program: Class 1 (for the beginner lesson) and Class 2 (for the intermediate lesson). The Class 1 group consisted of 12 horses and 12 riders, while the Class 2 group consisted of 12 horses and 11 riders. Salivettes cotton wool swabs were used for saliva collection and the saliva analyses were conducted using a two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures with SAS version 8. As for the results, the average salivary cortisol concentration of all horses before HRLP significantly increased compared to the baseline (p<0.001) while it decreased after the HRLP. The results of the salivary cortisol concentration of the riders were similar to the horses' results. However, there was no difference during the HRLP between Class 1 and Class 2 in the horse or rider groups. The results suggest that the HRLP did not influence the stress level of the horses or riders. Thus, this study provides the necessary information and guidelines for future studies on stress in horses during riding and gives insight into better horse welfare and management options.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.747-752
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• 2016

This study aimed to estimate the change of stress level in horses based on cortisol concentration levels in their saliva. A total of 61 horses were divided into the following three groups: i) tourist riding experience (TR, n = 23); ii) resting group (RR, n = 14); and iii) horse-riding education (ER, n = 24). The saliva samples of TR and ER groups were taken using plain cotton Salivettes four times a day: at 07:00 (basal), 11:00 (Exercise 1, after 1-hour exercise in the morning), 14:00 (Exercise 2, after 1-hour exercise in the afternoon), and 16:00 (Exercise 3, after 1-hour exercise in the afternoon). The saliva samples of RR were measured at the same time. The samples were analyzed using the SAS program general linear model procedure. In a percentage relative to the base value, cortisol levels in Exercise 3 were confirmed to decrease in all groups as compared to the basal value percentage in the following sequence: ER>TR>RR. The highest peak was confirmed in Exercise 2 (approximately 131%) of RR group and the lowest peak appeared in Exercise 3 (approximately 52%) of ER group. Therefore, resting without any particular exercise can also increase the stress level of horses. Thus, it is better to exercise, as exercise can reduce the stress level, even in cases when riders are clumsy or lack appropriate horse-riding experience. The results of the present study are useful to equestrian center owners and educational riding instructors in that they provide a meaningful insight into a better horse management.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the causative factors related to the stress of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by evaluating salivary cortisol concentration in young adult TMD patients and control groups. Methods: Saliva was obtained from 32 young adult TMDs patients and 34 control patients without a history of TMDs who visited Chosun University Dental Hospital between June 1 and August 31, 2021. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to measure the salivary cortisol concentration. Results: The salivary cortisol concentration in the TMD patient group and the control group differed significant significantly (p<0.05). The salivary cortisol concentration according to the duration of the clinical symptom of TMD differed significantly difference between the two groups in the male. The salivary cortisol concentration according to perceived stress level differed significantly in the mild and moderate groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in salivary cortisol concentration between the two groups related to bruxism or clenching (p>0.05). Conclusions: The salivary cortisol concentration in the TMD patient group and the control group showed statistical relevance, indicating that stress was a causative factor.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to determine the appropriate sampling time of the salivary stress markers, chromogranin A (CgA) and cortisol as objective indices of job stress assessment in adult females. Methods : The subjects were 20${\sim}$39-year-old women (13 office workers, 11 sales-service workers, and 11 college students) who were eligible for the study and free of acute and chronic medical conditions. Salivary CgA and cortisol levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Saliva samples were collected (2 $m{\ell}$ each) at 7:00, 8:00, 10:30, 12:00, 17:30, and 22:30 on a typical day. Salivary CgA and cortisol levels, according to sampling time, were compared among the three groups using general linear model. The full version of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), which includes socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior, workrelated characteristics, and BMI, was used to access the subjects' job stress. Multiple regression analysis of the job stressors identified by the KOSS was performed on salivary CgA and cortisol levels. Results : The salivary CgA level peaked at 7:00 (time of awakening), then decreased and were maintained at a low level throughout the day, and increased slightly at 17:30. The salivary cortisol level increased steeply within the 1st hour after awakening, followed by a gradual decrease by 12:00, and was then maintained at a low level throughout the day. The salivary cortisol levels of subjects who worked ${\leq}$5 days per week and graduated from the university were significantly lower at 8:00 (p=0.006). The salivary cortisol levels of non-smokers were significantly lower at 7:00 p=0.040) and 8:00 (p=0.003) compared to smokers. There were no significant differences in salivary CgA and cortisol levels at 10:30 and 12:00 in general characteristics. The regression coefficients on salivary CgA level were significant with interpersonal conflict at 17:30 and job insecurity at 22:30. Regression coefficients on salivary cortisol level were significant with organizational system and total job stressors at 17:30. Conclusions : We suggest that the appropriate sampling times for the salivary stress markers, CgA and cortisol, are at 7:00 (time of awakening), 8:00 (1 hour after awakening), 17:30 (early evening), and 22:30 (before sleep).

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to look at the patterns of Korean preschoolers' cortisol levels at home and to examine the relations of cortisol pattern to the preschooler's internalizing behavioral tendency with focused on behavioral inhibition and internalizing problematic behavior. The subjects of the study were forty 4-year old preschoolers(27 boys and 13 girls). Saliva was collected at home during the weekends, and cortisol was analyzed by Radioimmunoassay procedure. "Strange Peer Situation Experiment" developed by Rubin, Coplan, Fox and Calkins(1995) and revised by Rubin, Burgess and Hastings(2002) was used to measure the preschooler's behavior inhibition. Problematic behavior was measured through a "Korean Children's Behavior Checklist" (Oh, K. J., Lee, H. R., Hong, K. E., & Ha, E. H., 1997). The results were as follows: First, on average for a 4-year old, the level of cortisol was 0.22 in the morning, and 0.14 in the afternoon. There was a pattern that cortisol levels had declined in the afternoon. There was no difference in cortisol levels between genders. Secondly, there was a tendency that children of higher inhibition level at the lab showed the higher cortisol levels in the morning. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Thirdly, the higher the cortisol levels at home, the more showed internalizing behavior. Externalizing behavior was not correlated with the cortisol levels. It was concluded that cortisol may be related to children's internalizing behavior tendency.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2013

This study examines the wearing comfort of elderly women through a physiological analysis based on rectal temperature and biochemical analysis with salivary melatonin and cortisol. This study was conducted on 7 elderly women aged 65 or over. Two kinds of clothing ensemble (control and prototype) were used as experimental clothing. The control clothing was a general clothing ensemble and the prototype clothing lowered clothing pressure by adding an extra gap. The experimental schedule included daily living activities with randomly assigned experimental clothing. Rectal temperature was constantly measured every 5 minutes during the experiment and saliva samples for melatonin and cortisol were collected twice per day before and after sleep. The rectal temperature was lower for the prototype than the control throughout the experiment, and its circadian rhythm was prompt and clear in prototype. In addition, melatonin was secreted more but cortisol was secreted less when the subjects wore the prototype clothing. With these results, we assumed that regular circadian rhythm and low level of stress might be caused by wearing prototype clothing that lowered clothing pressure. The results demonstrate the necessity to develop clothing that considers body changes in elderly women.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2015

본 연구는 유아의 내적표상 유형에 따라 가정에서의 코티솔 분비 패턴이 어떠한지를 탐색해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 40명의 유아를 대상으로 이야기 완성과제(MacArthur Story Stem Battery, Breth erton et al. 1990)를 실시하였고, 가정에서 유아의 타액을 채취하여 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계, 군집분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과 유아의 내적표상 유형은 불안유형, 제한유형, 비조절된 공격유형, 회피유형, 친사회유형의 5개 유형으로 나타났으며, 유아의 가정에서의 코티솔 분비 패턴은 오전에 코티솔 분비가 많고 오후로 갈수록 떨어지는 패턴으로 나타났다. 또한 내적표상 유형에 따라 분비패턴이 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 볼 때 유아의 내적 표상이 일상적 스트레스 상황과 부모와의 상호작용시에 유아의 반응과 스트레스 호르몬의 활성화 정도에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있음을 조심스레 예측할 수 있다.