• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.18
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• pp.27-62
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• 2002

The international sale contract is the central contracts in export-import transactions. A good sale contract or set of general conditions of sale will cover all the principal elements of the transaction, so that uncertainties are avoided. The parties' respective duties as concern the payment mechanism, transport contract and insurance responsibilities, inter alia, will all be clearly detailed in the contract. The following key clauses should be included in international contracts of sale and general conditions of sale: ${\bullet}$ preamble ${\bullet}$ identification of parties ${\bullet}$ description of goods ${\bullet}$ price and payment conditions ${\bullet}$ delivery periods and conditions ${\bullet}$ inspection of the goods - obligations and limitations ${\bullet}$ quantity or quality variations in the products delivered ${\bullet}$ reservation of title and passing of property rights ${\bullet}$ transfer of risk - how accomplished ${\bullet}$ seller's warranties and buyer's complaints ${\bullet}$ assignment of rights ${\bullet}$ force majeure clause and hardship clause ${\bullet}$ requirement that amendments and modifications be in writing ${\bullet}$ choice of law ${\bullet}$ choice of dispute resolution mechanism Under most systems of law, a party can be excused from a failure to perform a contract obligation which is caused by the intervention of a totally unforeseeable event, such as the outbreak of war, or an act of God such as an earthquake or hurricane. Under the American commercial code (UCC) the standard for this relief is one of commercial impracticability. In contrast, many civil law jurisdictions apply the term force majeure to this problem. Under CISG, the standard is based on the concept of impediments to performance. Because of the differences between these standards, parties might be well advised to draft their own force majeure, hardship, or excusable delays clause. The ICC publication, "Force Majeure and Hardship" provides a sample force majeure clause which can be incorporated by reference, as well as a hardship clause which must be expressly integrated in the contract. In addition, the ICC Model provides a similar, somewhat more concise formulation of a force majeure clause. When the seller wishes to devise his own excusable delays clause, he will seek to anticipate in its provision such potential difficulties as those related to obtaining government authorisations, changes in customs duties or regulations, drastic fluctuations in labour, materials, energy, or transportation prices, etc.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2020

Family companies are the unique industry-academic cooperation-related systems of Korean universities created by universities to promote various forms of industry-academic cooperation with companies. It is important to figure out the current status of family companies in order to understand the achievements of industrial-academic cooperation projects that have been actively pursued since the early 2000s. A lot of studies on industry-academic cooperation have focused mainly on the university's position. On the contrary, this study focuses on understanding the current status of the family company system and the status of industry-academic cooperation. Introduced in 2004, the Family Company System expanded rapidly as it was used as a performance indicator for college financial support projects related to industry-academic cooperation, with 174,425 companies registered as family companies as of 2017. A survey of family companies registered in universities carrying out the LINC+ project shows that companies registered in multiple universities are increasing, with relatively high demand and satisfaction for industry-academic cooperation among companies. Family companies were found to be relatively satisfied in terms of the use of R&D equipment or joint research, while they were relatively less satisfied in terms of workforce training and retraining. While companies have assessed product quality improvements through industry-academic cooperation, they have underestimated the effect of increasing sales and reducing production costs. Further, it was found that it was urgent to expand incentive systems and improve online information services to boost corporate participation in order to enhance the effectiveness of industry-academic cooperation.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2004

The Internet is now an ubiquitous technology in business and possesses the potential to make the concept of value chain into an attainable reality. We posit that the way the Internet is utilized, the extent of the Internet's impact on business performance, and the extent the firms are prepared to take advantage of the Internet varies from country to country and from industry to industry. Based on data collected from 54 firms in the U.S. and 135 in South Korea, we compared the two countries (U.S. and South Korea) and two major industry groups (manufacturing and service) regarding the pattern of Internet utilization on the Internet from a value chain perspective. The findings show that U.S. companies utilize the Internet more extensively in such areas as human resources management, automation, sales, and advertising than the South Korean counterparts. However, we did not find a statistically significant difference in the way the two countries use the Internet within a value chain model. We also compared Internet practices by industry sector (i.e., service vs. manufacturing) within each country. The results show that firms in the service sector tend to use the Internet more extensively than the manufacturing counterparts in both countries. Particularly in Korea the difference between the sectors was significant in the extent to which they utilized the Internet to support such business activities as inter-organizational alliance, communication, and marketing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.364-377
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• 2020

Although it is never easy to create charming characters that people can relate to, well-formed characters have the power to enable the audience to not only empathize but identify with them. Thus, there is a need for us to examine the parts that make up a well-formed character. According to empathy theory, when the character in the play has a human face that is not different from me, I can feel familiarity and human empathy. Rather than perfection without loopholes, I relate to and sympathize with someone who looks similar to me, with many mistakes and some lack. This study aims to examine the attractiveness of characters in narrative dramas in terms of defects and internal growth. To do this, we tried to compare the setting, evaluation, and performance of characters based on the movie worldviews of two famous brands (DC and Marble), which can be compared directly. I looked at it. In conclusion, the work of hero character but human character setting based on internal growth not only has high evaluation and public evaluation, but also high sales, and thus direct and indirect correlation with the public favorability is significant.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2000

In the 21st century the size of sales of food service business in Korea will be 30 trillion won which means Food service business in Koreas is a mega market, but it is only quantitative growth and might face the limit of growth. At the same time it is predicted that from the academic world Food service business will develop endlessly after IMF condition. Of course I hope so as a member of national. Al though I propose that quantitative side is important, qualitative side must not be disregarded the present and future customer is needs should be met because the 1st goal of company is to achieve a management goal and pursuit profit. The present situation requires a peculiar and specific strategy of its own which can not be followed by competing hotels so that value can be created and buying intention can be occurred after buying. Until now the goal of marketing campaign has been transacted marketing just for closing a transaction, but it must be related marketing which is seeking mutual interests of customer and company. The strategies to attain these goals are : 1) to change from products and service management-focused to customer management and relationship building-focused. 2) to establish a core strategy which needs to be changed from market occupancy of volume expansion to customer occupancy. 3) to change from one-way communication to two-way communication. 4) to change from large scale marketing by company dimension to small scale marketing by sections. If companies focus on core benefit and augmented service to be sought by customers and make every efforts to create a value customer occupancy will increase automatically, the reduction of marketing cost will be followed, and marketing efforts will be much more efficient. In introducing a new product it is still easier to diffuse through the existing customers, and also important market information can be obtained from customers using this close relationship. If this close relationship maintains well customers will say even a trivial inconvenience and complaint and propose an idea of new product. Kotler divides relationship marketing into 5 stages such as Basic, Reactive, Accountable, Proactive, and Partnership. From the 1st stage to the last stage customer management is absolutely important and also in management strategy. The last stage, Partnership can come into the stage which is actively participated in service development and problem solving by customers. so more loyal customers have more successful performance the company attain.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-105
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• 2012

In recent years, IT advancement has brought out the new Internet communication environment such as online social network services, where people are connected in global network without temporal and spatial limitation. The popular use of online social network helps people share their experience and preference for specific products and services, thus holding large potential to significantly affect firms' business performance through Word-of-Mouth (WOM). This study examines the role of online social network in raising WOM effect on the movie industry by comparing with the similar role of Internet portal, another major online communication channel. Analyzing 109 movies and data from both Twitter and Naver movie, we found that significant WOM effect exists simultaneously in both Twitter and Naver movie. However, we also found that different figures of online viral effects exist depending on the popularity of movies. In the hit movie group, before the movie release, the WOM effect occurs only in Twitter while the WOM effect arises in both Twitter and Naver movie at the same time after the movie release. In the less-popular (or niche) movie group, the WOM effect occurs in both Twitter and Naver movie only before the movie release. Our findings not only deepen theoretical insights into different roles of the two online communication channels in provoking the WOM effect on entertainment products but also provide practitioners with incentive to utilize SNS as strategic marketing platform to enhance their brand reputations.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2020

South Korea's newly branded musical industry 'K-Musical' is currently booming. The growth of K-Musical can be attributed to the popularity of other industries in the Korean wave, namely K-Pop and Korean dramas. With the inclusion of K-Musicals into the Korean wave, it is beginning to standout on its own as a cultural brand. In the first half of 2012, the popularity of K-Musicals grew 24%, higher than any other performance industry. Moreover, this industry grew 20% in the latter half of 2012 and grew to 300 billion won in 2013. One reason for this growth can be attributed to the increased output of musicals of Korean origin in large-scale theatres dedicated solely to musicals. This has became to necessary foundation for the export of korean musicals abroad. Now is a critical time for Korean musicals to expand to other countries in order to become the hub of Asia for musical industries. 2012 and 2013 saw the greatest increase in the export of musicals to Japan and China. The musical sales in 2018 totaled 257.1 billion won, an increase of 29% over the previous year. Therefore, understanding the importance of these two markets is pivotal in the continued sustainable growth of K-Musicals. This paper seeks to highlights the importance of becoming the canter of Asia musicals and to offer strategies to lead Korea's musical industry toward this goal.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.233-248
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• 2011

This case illustrates a story of passionate and innovative new market development by Pulmuone, a fresh food provider in Korea. The company has been successfully developing a new market by introducing a (non-frying) fresh ramen, 'Jayeonun Masitda - The Nature Is Tasty' in the packaged ramen market dominated by fried ones. In this case, a detailed new market development process by Pulmuone will be investigated including; company overview, a new product development process, marketing strategy formulation, marketing mix implementation, market performance, and future directions. Pulmuone has been making efforts to create a new product category by marketing non-frying ramens since 1995, but with a modest success. In 2011, Pulmuone finally succeeded to develop an innovative product, 'Jayeonun Masitda' that brought more health and nutrition conscious consumers' attention in the ramen market. The company intended to change the current competitive structure in the ramen market, i.e., from the strength of taste and the amount of ingredient to fried/non-fried and the freshness of ingredient. By this new positioning, Pulmuone aimed to reshaping the ramen market into competition between healthy and unhealthy ramens. Pulmuone has been successful in developing a new market. Sales revenue of 'Jayeonun Masitda' has been continuously increasing, and customers are found to be highly satisfied with the product resulting in a high repeat purchase rate. The company's successful new market development can be attributed to a faithful new product development process, innovative technology, an appropriate positioning strategy, and consistent marketing communication. In addition, Pulmuone's eco-friendly corporate image and the organization's passion to grow are also important factors for success of this new market development.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.19-31
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• 2022

Currently, the role of public accelerators in the domestic accelerator market is gradually expanding. Accordingly, in order to establish relevant policies properly, it is necessary to check the effect and validity of public accelerators' investment. However, there is no quantitative research conducted on domestic accelerators, using their financial data, as domestic accelerators have a short history and quantitative data on them are not disclosed. Therefore, this study conducted an empirical analysis with financial data of the startups that received equity investments from public accelerators to confirm the effect of public accelerators'investment in startups. A regression analysis was conducted with financial data from 112 startups that acquired investments from public accelerators in the period of 2016~2020. And the findings are as follows: First, it was found that the initial investment of public accelerators had an effect on the growth and profitability of startups. Specifically, it was confirmed that the initial investment of public accelerators had a positive (+) effect on sales growth rates and total asset growth rates, which are growth indicators. Second, it was found that the joint investment of public accelerators had a significant positive (+) effect on profit margin, an indicator of profitability, rather than on growth. Therefore, it is deemed that it will be a great force for growth if investment in the early-stage startups that showed significant investment results in this study is continuously expanded in combination with support projects, which are a strength of public accelerators. Since this study has confirmed the investment effect of public accelerators, it is deemed necessary to actively promote policies that direct public accelerators' projects toward improving the performance of startups through joint investment with the private sector and supplementing private accelerators' deficiencies.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.71-86
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• 2023

Although starting a business plays a key role in strengthening national competitiveness and creating jobs, it is recognized as a risky choice. Failure to start a business can result in a wide range of negative effects, such as loss of personal wealth as well as deterioration of national competitiveness. This study considers startups that have reached a level of sustainable growth by achieving performance above the minimum profitability and sales standards for KOSDAQ listing, or achieved EXIT through sale or listing, as successful startups. based on the practical experiences of 23 successful entrepreneurs and Based on perception, the importance and priorities of startup success factors were derived through stratification analysis (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP), and interviews were conducted. In particular, using the ERIS model, we comprehensively analyze various variables of a start-up by considering the four elements of the entrepreneur, resources, industry, and strategy, and examine the changes and importance of success factors according to the characteristics of each growth stage of the start-up. As a goal, we specifically identified the challenges and opportunities faced by entrepreneurs at each stage. As a result of the study, the order of importance of the top factors of success factors in the start-up period was found to be the entrepreneur, resources, industry, and strategy. In particular, the importance of the entrepreneur's entrepreneurship spirit, special capabilities, general capabilities, and human resources was emphasized. The order of importance of the top factors of success factors during the growth period was found in the following order: entrepreneur, resources, industry, and strategy. In particular, the importance of general capabilities, entrepreneurship, and human and organizational resources was emphasized. This study is significant in that it analyzes startup success factors from the perspective of successful entrepreneurs and provides useful insights and directions to entrepreneurs and policy makers.