• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.697-708
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an e-learning education program for improving practical knowledge and preventing nursing errors and adverse events of nurses working in the operating room (OR). Method: The e-learning program was developed and evaluated according to the following processes: 1) preparation phase 2) implementation phase 3) evaluation phase. In evaluation phase, the effectiveness was analyzed based on the Kirkpatrick's model. Results: The e-learning program consisted of OR basic nursing skills and techniques and nursing activities' manual based on the categories of nursing errors: surgical operation preparation, nursing skills and techniques, environment management, patient safety and comfort, and patient monitoring. The program was provided through on-line, http://cafe.daum.net/pnuhorn, for 4 weeks. The mean score(percent) of participants' satisfaction was $21.24{\pm}1.71$(68.2%). Their total knowledge level was significantly improved(Z=-3.00, p=.003) and specifically in the category of environment management(Z=-3.77, p<.001) and patient monitoring(Z=-2.46, p=.014). The occurrence of nursing errors or adverse events was a little decreased, but not statistically significant(Z=-3.10, p=.756). Conclusion: E-learning for nurses is one way of effective and efficient teaching-learning strategies. For better e-learning, it is important to develop the vital content of the education and objective measures for detecting nursing errors and adverse events.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2011

A smartphone is a mobile phone that offers more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary basic feature phone. Unlike feature phone, a smartphone allows the user to install and run more advanced applications based on a specific platform. Smartphones run complete operating system software providing a platform for application developers. A smartphone will become the default computing method for many point activities in the not-too-distant future, such as e-mail, online shopping, gaming, and even video entertainment. For smartphone that contains sensitive information and access the Internet, security is a major issue. In the 1980s, security issues were hardly noticed; however, security is a major issue for users today, which includes smart phones. Because security is much more difficult to address once deployment and implementation are underway, it should be considered from the beginning. Recently our government recognized the importance of smartphone security and published several safety tips for using the smartphone. However, theses tips are user-oriented measures. Maintaining the security of a smartphone involves the active participation of the user. Although it is a important users understand and take full advantage of the facilities afforded by smarphone, it is more important developers distribute the secure smartphone application through the market. In this paper we describe some scenarios in which user is invaded his/her privacy by smartphone stolen, lost, misplaced or infected with virus. Then we suggest the security considerations for securing smartphone applications in respect with developers. We also suggest the methods applying domestic encryption algorithms such as SEED, HIGHT and ARIA in developing secure applications. This suggested security considerations may be used by developers as well as users (especially organizations) interested in enhancing security to related security incidents for current and future use of smartphones.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association between emotional labor and job stress in bus drivers, as well as to propose management strategies for job stress. Methods: The study was conducted in February 2013 and involved 182 bus drivers working in the Gyeonggi area. Results: emotional labor was $9.5{\pm}2.34$ on average, and job stress was higher than the median of the same indicator among Korea's workers in the areas of physical environment, job autonomy, and relationship conflicts. Factors that affected job stress was lower if the subjects' Higher values for emotional labor indicated a higher level of job stress. Conclusion: To reduce among drivers, the following measures are necessary: increase the comfort of the driver's seat within the vehicle, provide adequate rest between bus headways, provide comfortable in-house rest facilities, and establish physical training spaces to reduce musculoskeletal disorders as well as programs for reducing back pain. In addition, relationship conflicts may be relieved by increasing job autonomy as much as possible, by granting autonomous control of working hours and bus headways, as well as by banning long work hours. Moreover, various club activities, exercise programs, and counseling programs that workers can be involved in together may be beneficial. This study is significant in that it identified the relationship of the bus drivers' emotional labor and job stress, which has previously been ignored as a research topic. Through its results, this study provides baseline data for the preparation of management strategies that can address the job stress of bus drivers.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

In particular, the investigation of tendons in PSC Box Girder Bridge should be done in a systematic way. It is important to identify preventative maintenance activities that should be carried out in order to analyze the risk factors by type of representative tensions and to reduce risks in the long term. However, in the current maintenance system, various methodologies for investigating and repairing tensions have been studied, but it is difficult to investigate precisely tensions. Therefore, to apply the risk assessment for screening of tensions to the domestic PSC Box Bridge, we presented a risk matrix evaluation index that is consistent with the state assessment and maintenance system.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.3-12
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• 2019

Current risk assessment methods typically determine accident risks embedded in construction projects by combining severity and frequency; however, they do not reflect the characteristics of construction projects. To solve the problem, this study aims to develop a novel risk assessment method that combines severity, frequency, and disaster influence factors (i.e., weather conditions and worker's characteristics) for assessing risks of activities occurring on a construction site actually. In this study, a severity was estimated by death against victims, and a frequency was estimated by the victim rate. The frequency was then converted to probability taking disaster influence factors into account. Thus, instead of considering severity and frequency for assessing the original risks (RO), the proposed method uses severity and probability to yield adjusted risks (RA) for each activity. A case study was conducted to determine if the proposed method works as intended in a real setting. The results show that RA is more sensitive to disaster influence factors than RO and, therefore, is able to assess the actual risks reflecting the working environment and conditions of a construction site. This study contributes to risk management of construction projects by offering a risk assessment method that measures a possibility of potential disasters from the probabilistic perspective. This method would help project managers assess accident risks in a more systematic and quantitative manner.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2022

The intensification and acceleration of severe competition among companies due to the advancement of the service industry have raised the quality level of services required by consumers, and these circumstances also have a significant impact on the public fields' service provision environment, which has to take into account the rapidly changing technologies along with the special situation of COVID-19. Thus, this study examines the applicability of the educational material based on the framework for public service quality management in accordance with 『ISO18091:2019』 developed by MOIS(the ministry of interior and safety), through a survey after training workers in public institutions. This study also provides some implications and guidelines that should be considered to increase the level of public service quality from the following three perspectives: i) data utilization and verification, ii) broadness of public services, and iii) the size and capability of service provider according to the results of field studies conducted with public sector employees who participated in actual improvement activities.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.186-195
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• 2021

Purpose: The current status and rationale of industrial accidents needs to be examined to develop scientific and systemic preventive measures. Methods: The aim of this study is to analyze the current data on industrial accidents provided by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and categorize work-related deaths by types of industries and annual report. Results: First, the highest number of deaths occurred in industries that had less than 50 people. Second, in the manufacturing industry, the highest death rate was found in workers in the age group 50-59 years. In the construction industry, workers aged 50 and above had the highest number of deaths. In other industries, workers aged 60 and above had the highest number of deaths. Third, the highest number of deaths occurred in workers with less than one year of experience in any industry Fourth, in most industries, the highest work-related deaths occurred during weekdays (Monday~Friday). In 2015, the warehouse delivery industry had 33% higher work-related deaths on the weekends (Saturday and Sunday) as compared to other industries. Fifth, in most industries, the highest work-related deaths occurred from 8 AM to 6 PM. The warehouse delivery industry had higher work-related deaths from 10 PM to 8 AM as compared to other industries. Conclusion: In order to increase the efficacy of industrial accident prevention, it is necessary to establish an effective health management system and apply strict safety management activities.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.642-652
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• 2007

Many contracting firms and project managers in the construction industry have started to utilize multi objective optimization methods to handle multiple conflicting goals for completing the project within the stipulated time and budget with required quality and safety. These optimization methods have increased the pressure on decision makers to search for an optimal resources utilization plan that optimizes simultaneously the total project cost, completion time, and crashing cost by considering indirect cost, contractual penalty cost etc., practically charging them in terms of direct cost of the project which is fuzzy in nature. This paper presents a multiple fuzzy goal programming model (MFGP) that supports decision makers in performing the challenging task. The model incorporates the fuzziness which stems from the imprecise aspiration levels attained by the decision maker to these objectives that are quantified through fuzzy linear membership function. The membership values of these objectives are then maximized which forms the fuzzy decision. The problem is solved using LINGO 8 optimization solver and the best compromise solution is identified. Comparison between solutions of MFGP, fuzzy multi objective linear programming (FMOLP) and multiple goal programming (MGP) are also presented. Additionally, an interactive decision making process is developed to enable the decision maker to interact with the system in modifying the fuzzy data and model parameters until a satisfactory solution is obtained. A case study is considered to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model for optimization of project network parameters in the construction industry.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

Given that China's resource research, exploration and development and resource economy policies are closely related to Korea's industrial competitiveness in the field of global mineral energy resources, it is important to establish the domestic and overseas resource development strategies. In 2020, China will revise and set standards for mineral resources to ensure efficiency in exploration and development and storage management. China's Ministry of Natural Resources has established the National Mineral Resources Plan (2021-2025), aiming to achieve national goals and strategies, and local governments at all levels are also establishing and implementing regional mineral resources plans. As a result, the supervision and management of geological mineral exploration activities have been strengthened, and the safety of industrial production management in the field of geological mineral exploration and development has been strengthened. China has developed guidelines for high-quality geological exploration, surveying and mapping, improved the level of geological mineral exploration and strengthened the mining supervision and management system. According to China's standardization of mineral resources such as solid mineral resources and petroleum gas mineral resources, a new standard system for resource management will be established in China to improve scientific understanding, rational management and utilization.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2021

Since the 1960s, the United States has developed and implemented policies to encourage commercial space launches. Specifically, national policies have been implementing to expand the role of commercial space actors, which required establishing a process for private space launches. In the early days of the space age, private launches accounted for a small portion of the total launch rate, but, since the 1990s, the proportion has exploded, with private space companies presenting large projects one after another, accounting for more than 50% of the total launch rate. This diversification of space actors and the increase in orbital space objects have led to changes in the perspectives of existing space environmental management processes. During and after the Cold War, when the space age began, civilian actors' actions were limited, and policies limited their actions, too. So they had little impact on government space activities. However, space technology's entry barrier has lowered since, and policies to facilitate commercial space launches have been implemented for a long, and the accumulated amount of space waste over the past 60 years is also threatening the safety, stability, and sustainability of space use. This paper examined how the United States, the most active country in commercial space launches, has managed commercial space launches. The United States has a Space Traffic Management (STM), distributed to departments such as the Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, Department of Transport, NASA, etc. A review of changes in U.S STM management policy could also provide implications for us to manage commercial space launches in Korea.