• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 1996

Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers with different composition (1:1SMA. 5:1SMA) were synthesized and further reacted with sulfuric acid to obtain water soluble copolymers (1:1SSMA, 5:1SSM.4). In the flow experiments of cement mortar mixed with copolymers, 5:1SSMA showed higher fluidity than 1:1SSMA. The cement mortar mixed with 1% 5:1SSMA maintained 95% of original flow after 60 min. On the other hand, the compressive strength of the hardened cement mortars containing 0.5% copolymers after 28 days curing was also examined. The compressive strength of hardened cement mortar containing 5:1SSMA was increased up to 41% compared to the plain while 1:1SSMA was increased up to 29%. As the results, the 5:1SSMA used in this study are greatly expected as a new high range water reducers for the concrete.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.497-500
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• 2000

In this paper, we compare the bit-error-rate performance of the fast-frequency-hopped spread-spectrum multiple-access (FFH/SSMA) and direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS/CDMA) systems in a Rician fading channel. Each system has a same data rate, bandwidth and transmits over a Rician fading channel. The results illustrate tradoffs in performance between the FFH/SSMA and DS/CDMA systems as a function of the parameters such as average signal to noise ratio and processing gain. The performance of the FFH/SSMA system is shown to be less sensitive to the change of fading environments, while the change of processing gain and average signal to noise ratio gives considerable affect to the FFH/SSMA system compared with the DS/CDMA system. Without respect to the change of system parameters, for most of Rician fading channels (except non-fading channel), FFH/SSMA system gives better performance than DS/CDMA system in BBR < 10$\^$-3/.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.446-450
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• 2001

Performance of spectrum-overlapped BPSK DS/SFH-SSMA communication system is considered in MAI and MTI channel. SSMA system is studied that the frequency spectrums of DS spread signals are overlapped. The increase of overlapping makes ACI and processing gain larger simultaneously. Therefore, BER performance can be optimized by controlling the amount of overlapping. BER equation are derived far the overlapping BPSK DS/SFH-SSMA communication system in multitone interference channel. From the numerical analyses and the simulation results, it can be concluded that the BER performance is considerably improved in optimized overlapping system.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 1995

In this paper, the error rate performance of DS/SSMA system in multipath fading channel is calculated by computer simulation. At first, the multipath fading channel is modeled with TDL(Tap Delay Line) model. The characteristics of channels, including multipath fading effects and error pattern, are examined by doppler frequency and signal bandwidth, and time spread variation. Using the multipath fading channel model, the error rateperformance of block code and convolutional code is compared, thus the coding sys- tem is applied to the DS / SSMA system. The BER results of DS / SSMA system show that the proposed receiver gives about 2~3[dB] improve- ment compared with the conventional receiver.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.156-163
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• 1995

In the previous study, styrene mdleic dnhydride copolymer(SMA) as synthesized flom styrene and rnale~c dnhydr~de and further redcted with sulfuric acid to obtam water soluble SMA. In thls study, the flow dnd strcngth tests of cement mortar rmxed wth copolymers wele carried out to evaluate the capability of copolymers as high range water reducer for the con crete. It was found from flow exper~ment that the fluidity of cenient mortar rmxed wth sulfonated SMA(SSMAj was larger thdn that mxed ulth amnophenol substituted SSMA (SmSMAj. The decreasing rate of the flow of cement mortar rmxed ulth SSMA and SmSMA was significantly lower than that mixed ulth naphthalene condensate(NSC) The compressslve strength of the hardened cement mortars containing 0.5% copolymers after 28 dys curing was exarmned. 'The compressive strength of hdrdened cement mortar containing SSMA and SmSMA was mcreased up to 31% and 13%, respectively, when omp pared to the plain. As the results, the copolyniers(SSMA and SrnSMA) used in thls study are greatly expected as a good high range water reducers for the concrete.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2E
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• pp.27-32
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• 1993

이 논문에서는 충격성 잡음이 있는 비선택적 라이시안 페이딩 채널에서 부호 상관 수신기를 쓴 DS/SSMA 계통의 성능을 분석하였다. 이 계통의 평균 이진 오류 확률을 확산 수열이 짧을 때에는 정확한 계산으로, 확산 수열이 길 때에는 근사적인 방법으로 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.142-147
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• 1995

In this study, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) was synthesized from styrene and maleic anhydride and further reacted with sulfuric acid to obtain water-soluble SMA and the flow and strength tests of cement mortar mixed with copolymers were carried out to evaluate the capability of copolymers as high range water reducer for the concrete. It was found from flow experiment that the fluidity of cement mortar mixed with sulfonated SMA (SSMA) was larger than that miced with aminophenol-substituted SSMA (SmSMA). The decreasing rate of the flow of cement mortar mixed with SSMA and SmSMA was decreasing rate of the flow of cement mortar mixed with SSMA and SmSMA was significantly lower than that mixed with naphthalene condensate (NSC). The compressive strength of the hardened cement mortars containing 0.5% copolymers after 28 days curing was examined. The compressive strength of hardened cement mortar containing SSMA and SmSMA was increased up to 32% and 13%, respectively, when compared to the plain. As the results, the copolymers (SSMA and SmSMA) used in this study are greatly expected as a good high range water reducers for the concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.7
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• pp.1-11
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• 1993

The bit error rates of DS/SSMA DPSK system with diversity and FEC channel coding in Rayleigh fading and log-normal shadowing channel are evaluated. Microscopic postdetection diversity and macroscopic selection diversiity are used to mitigate the effects of Rayleigh fading and log-normal shadowing, respectively. The numerical results show that the composite use of diversity and channel coding is very efficient for improving system performance compared to their respective uses.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.663-679
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• 1991

본 논문에서는 다중 경로 페이딩 채널에서 최대 다중 경로 지연폭이 한 비트 폭보다 큰 경우 발생할 수 있는 심볼간 간섭을 극복하기 위해 M-ary 신호 방식과 절환 신호 방식을 채용한 다중 경로 다이버시티 수신 noncoherent F나 ds / SSMA 통신 시스템의 평균 오율을 평가하였다. 시스템의 평균 오율은 가우스 근사법을 이용해 채널 파라메타와 PN 시퀀스의 길이와 같은 시스템 파라메타에 대한 식으로 표현하였고, 이러한 결과식을 이용해 M-ary FSK 시스템과 두 종류의 절환 수신기에 대한 FSK시스템의 평균 오율을 수치적으로 분석하였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a novel approach to analyze the throughput of direct-sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) unslotted ALOHA system. In the unslotted system, the departure rate of interfering transmissions is proportional to the number of current interferers that can be regarded as the system state. In order to model this state-dependency, we introduce a two-dimensional state transition model that describes the state transition of the system. This model provides a more rigorous analysis tool for the DS/SSMA unslotted ALOHA systems with both fixed and variable packet lengths. Numerical results reveal that this analysis yields an accurate system performance that coincides with the simulation results. Throughout the analysis we have discovered that the state-dependency of the departure rate causes interference averaging effect in the unslotted system and that this effect yields a higher throughput for the unslotted system than for the slotted system when supported by a strong channel coding.