• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2000

In this study, molybdenum thin films were etched with Cl\ulcorner/(Cl\ulcorner+SF\ulcorner) gas mixing ratio in an magneti-cally enhanced reactive ion etching(MERIE) by the etching parameters such as rf power of 250 watts, chamber pressure of 100 mTorr and B-field of 30 gauss. The etch rate was 150nm/min under Cl\ulcorner/(Cl\ulcorner+SF\ulcorner) gas mixing ratio of 0.25. At this time, the selectivity of Mo to SiO\ulcorner, photoresist were respectively 0.94, 0.05. The surface reaction of the etched Mo thin films was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). It was analyzed that Mo peaks was mainly observed in Mo-O bonds formed MoO\ulcorner compounds and F was detected in Mo-F and O-F bonds. Cl peaks were detected by the peak of Cl 2p\ulcorner in Cl-Mo bonds of MoCl\ulcorner or MoO\ulcornerCl\ulcorner formulas. Almost all of both Cl and S atoms had been com-bined with Mo, respectively.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

Objectives: Prospective study of quality of life in patients underwent microlaryngeal surgery for dysphonia was performed. Materials and Methods : 51 patients with dysphonia took part in the study, and patients with malignancies or functional voice disorder were excluded. Patients were asked to complete the SF-36 questionnaire before surgery and within 6-12 months after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative SF-36 scores were compared with data on 46 age-matched healthy controls. Results The most of SF-36 subscale scores showed significantly improvement after surgery, except of PF (physical functioning) and MH (mental health). Preoperative scores had significantly poorer than the normal controls on 6 subscales, but there is no statistically significant differences between postoperative scores and normal controls on 5 subscales. Conclusion In the study, patients with organic voice disorder show improvement in quality of life after microlaryngeal surgery.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2008

Deep trench etching of silicon was investigated as a function of RF source power, DC bias voltage, $C_4F_8$ gas flow rate, and $O_2$ gas addition. On increasing the RF source power from 300 W to 700 W, the etch rate was increased from $3.52{\mu}m/min$ to $7.07{\mu}m/min$. The addition of $O_2$ gas improved the etch rate and the selectivity. The highest etch rate is achieved at the $O_2$ gas addition of 12 %, The selectivity to PR was 65.75 with $O_2$ gas addition of 24 %. At DC bias voltage of -40 V and $C_4F_8$ gas flow rate of 30 seem, We were able to achieve etch rate as high as $5.25{\mu}m/min$ with good etch profile.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the physical activities of individuals post-stroke and their HRQL, as well as to determine whether their functional abilities contribute to their amounts of physical activity. METHODS: The study's subjects included 90 individuals post-stroke. Their amounts of physical activity were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and their HRQL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36). In addition, the functional abilities of the subjects were measured. For the measures of physical activities and the HRQL, Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to identify the strengths of the associations between the measures. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to determine whether physical activities had independent impacts on the HRQL. RESULTS: This study found that the physical activities performed by the subjects affected the SF-36 physical component score (PCS) (12%). However, the physical activities and the SF-36 mental component score (MCS) showed no statistically significant relationship, whereas functional abilities and physical activities had a statistically significant relationship (r = .57~.86, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The present study identified a correlation between physical activity and the PCS. Therefore, individuals post-stroke should be encouraged to carry out more physical activities, including more frequent walking activities.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture on postpartum urinary incontinence. Methods: 'postpartum urinary incontinence', 'postnatal urinary incontinence', 'acupuncture' were searched on 4 online databases (Cochrane Library, Pubmed, CNKI, OASIS). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used acupuncture on postpartum urinary incontinence were included. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: 12 RCTs were finally selected. The overall risk of bias was evaluated as uncertain. 11 studies showed that combined treatment group was better than control group in effective rate and/or ICIQ-SF total score, but among those 1 study was not statistically significant in ICIQ-SF total score. In the comparison of alone treatment group and control group, 1 study showed favorable effect in ICIQ-SF total score, but 1 study was not significant in effective rate. Conclusions: Treatment that include acupuncture can effect on postpartum urinary incontinence. but considering quality of studies, inconsistent and insufficient evidence, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this treatment.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2023

Strength prediction and correlation of concrete is done using experimental and analytical methods. Main objective is to correlate the experimental and simulated values of compressive strength of concrete mix using Fly Ash (FA) and Silica Fume (SF) by partial replacement of cement in concrete. Mix proportion was determined using IS method for M40grade concrete. Hundred and forty-seven cubes were cast and tested using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Genetic Algorithm (GA) model was developed using C++ program to simulate the compressive strength of concrete for various proportions of FA and SF replacements individually at 3% increments. Experiments reveal that 12 percent silica fume replacement produced maximum compressive strength of 35.5 N/mm², 44.5 N/mm² and 54.8 N/mm² moreover 9 percent fly ash replacement produced a maximum strength of 31.9 N/mm², 37.6 N/mm² and 51.8 N/mm² during individual material replacement of concrete mix. Correlation coefficient for each curing period of fly ash and silica fume replaced mix were acquired using trend lines. The correlation coefficient is found to be approximately 0.9 in FA and SF replaced mix irrespective of the mix proportion and age of concrete. A higher and positive correlation was found between the experimental and simulated values irrespective of the curing period in all the replacements.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2003

The full-length cDNA encoding the pre-protein growth hormone (sfGH) from spotted flounder (Verasper variegatus) was amplified by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) using degenerated oligonucleotide primers derived from conserved growth hormone sequences. It consists of 901 nucleotides in length, including the coding region of 609 nucleotides, 111 nucleotides of a 5' untranslated region, and 181 nucleotides of a 3' untranslated region. The conserved polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) lies 12 bases upstream from the poly (A) tail. The deduced amino acid sequence shows an open reading frame encoding a pre-protein of 203 amino acids and a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids, suggesting that the mature hormone consists of 186 amino acids. The analyses of sfGH reveal some unique structural features. The repetitive sequences are located in the 5' untranslated region of sfGH cDNA and consist of tandem arrays of imperfect direct repeat monomers. Moreover, sfGH contains six Cys residues, as opposed to four or five in other GHs, and it is clearly distinguishable from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) GH, which lacks a region corresponding to residues 175-188 in alignment positions. It has important implications from an evolutionary standpoint, suggesting possible divergence among flatfishes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report the effects of Korean medicine therapy on patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods : In this study, we used Korean medicine treatments, including acupuncture, bee venom therapy, chuna manual therapy, and others, to treat hospitalized patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome. Improvements in clinical symptoms were evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS), the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and changes in the number of tender points. Results : After Korean medicine treatment, the NRS scores reduced from 10 to 7 (Patient 1) and from 10 to 5 (Patient 2). The SF-MPQ scores decreased from 33 to 26 (Patient 1) and from 25 to 18 (Patient 2). The number of tender points reduced from 18 to 15 (Patient 1) and from 12 to 11 (Patient 2). Conclusions : In both patients, the NRS scores, SF-MPQ scores, and number of tender points significantly improved. The results suggest that Korean medicine treatments, including acupuncture, bee venom therapy, chuna manual therapy, and others, may be effective for treating fibromyalgia syndrome.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.831-836
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• 2015

This paper dealt with the PD (partial discharge) characteristics produced by metallic particles presented in a gas insulated switchgear. Four types of metallic particles such as a ball, a trapezoid, a rectangle, and a twist were fabricated and placed in a PD cell filled with $SF_6$ gas. PD pulses were detected through a $50{\Omega}$ non-inductive resistor. Calibration was carried out according to IEC 60270 and the sensitivity was calculated as 4 mV/pC. Apparent charge, pulse count, DIV (discharge inception voltage), DEV (discharge extinction voltage), and TRPD (time resolved partial discharge) were analyzed. Among the metallic particle types, the twist frequently occurred PD pulse at the lowest DIV, while the rectangle showed the highest. DEV of the twist was about 2 times lower than that for the rectangle. Kurtosis of ball clustered at high value, and skewness of other three metallic particles distributed at low value. TRPD showed different distribution by metallic particle types.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.423-463
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• 2018

This paper investigates the behavior of normal and self-compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete (SCC-SFRC) corbels rehabilitated by Basalt Fiber Mesh (BFM) and Basalt Fiber Fabric (BFF) for the first time in literature. The research objective is to study the effectiveness of BFM and BFF in the rehabilitation of damaged reinforced concrete corbels with and without epoxy injection. The experimental program includes two types of concrete: normal concrete, and self-compacted concrete. For normal concrete, 12 corbels were rehabilitated by BFM without injection epoxy in cracks, with two values of compressive strength, three ratios of steel fiber (SF), and two values of shear span. For self-compacted concrete, 48 corbels were rehabilitated with different parameters where 12 corbels were rehabilitated by BFM with and without epoxy injection, 18 heated corbels with three different high-temperature level were rehabilitated by repairing cracks only by epoxy injection, and 18 heated corbels with three different high-temperature level were rehabilitated by repairing cracks by epoxy and wrapping by BFF. All 48 corbels have two values of compressive strength, three values volumetric ratios of SF, and two values of the shear span. Test results indicate that RC corbels rehabilitated by BFM only without injection did not show any increase in the ultimate load capacity. Moreover, For RC corbels that were repaired by epoxy without basalt wrapping, the ultimate load capacities showed an increase depending on the mode of failure of corbels before the rehabilitation. However, the rehabilitation with only crack repairing by epoxy injection is more effective on medium strength corbels as compared to high strength ones. Finally, it can be concluded that use of BFF is an effective and powerful technique for the strengthening of damaged RC corbels.