• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.55.1-55.1
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• 2013

We analyze the behaviors of reddening vectors in the Spitzer/IRAC photometric system for young stellar objects (YSOs) of different evolutionary stages, masses, and inclinations using the model spectral energy distributions (SED) by Robitaille et al. As reported in visible and near-infrared photometric systems, the magnitudes and colors of YSOs show strong SED dependence and non-linearity. In the [8.0] band where the 9.7 ${\mu}m$ interstellar silicate feature plays a significant role in extinction, the effective wavelength shifts "bluewards", not "redwards" as in most, if not all, optical and infrared bands including the other three IRAC bands, as the extinction in Ks increases up to ~2 mag, and then asymptotically reaches a constant value as the extinction further increases. This "bluening" is seen when the YSO is in later evolutionary stage and/or has a stellar mass of ~2 $M_{\odot}$ or greater. In many cases, the reddening vectors in the IRAC color-color diagrams are prominently curved, and in some extreme cases, the colors involving the [8.0] band becomes bluer in the beginning and then becomes redder later as the amount of extinction increases. We also present our "suggested" extinction laws employing the combination of a broken-power law and the 9.7 ${\mu}m$ silicate feature, which well reproduce the extinction behaviors observed in the IRAC bands.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49.2-49.2
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• 2011

To investigate whether radio galaxies have systematically different accretion disk compared to radio-quiet AGN, we obtained high quality optical spectra for a sample of 22 young radio galaxies, using the KAST Double Spectrograph at the Lick 3-m telescope. Young radio galaxies are particularly useful since the age of the radio phenomena is comparable to that of accretion disk. Based on the optical emission-line diagnostics of narrow line region, which is thought to be photoionized by the nuclear radiation, we constrain the states of the accretion disk. In addition to strong emission lines, i.e., [O I], [O II], [O III], and [Ne III], we use the [Ar III] line to break the degeneracy between the ionization parameter and the SED shape. We find that young radio galaxies show systematically different emission line ratios compared to radio-quiet Type II AGN, suggesting that young radio galaxies probably have the power-law SED without a strong big blue bump. We will present the main results of the emission-line diagnostics.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.231-234
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the expression and production of interleukin-1beta $(IL-1{\beta})$ in human peripheral blood of trained runners and untrained controls after temporary moderate intensity exercise. Male long-distance trained runners (TR) and untrained sedentary control subjects (SED) ran for 1 h at 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR). $IL-1{\beta}$ gene and protein expressions were significantly higher in TR than those with SED at all 3 intervals examined independently. Significant increases in total sweat volume and oral temperature were observed after exercise in both groups, however, there were some differences between the groups. We conclude, therefore, that sweating due to exercise is associated with increase of $IL-1{\beta}$ and it is correlated with decrease of oral temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1998

G $d_{0.2}$C $e_{0.8}$ $O_{1.9}$(CGO) for electrolyte and L $a_{0.5}$S $r_{0.5}$Mn $O_3$(LSM50) for cathode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells(SOFC) were synthesized by citrate process. Specimens were prepared with sintering temperatures at 110$0^{\circ}C$, 120$0^{\circ}C$ and 130$0^{\circ}C$, which were fabricated by slurry coating with citric acid contents. Interfacial resistance was measured between cathode and electrolyte using AC-impedance analyzer. With various citric acid content, the degree of agglomeration for the initial particles changed. Also sintering temperature changed the particle size and the degree of densification of cathode. Factors affecting the interfacial resistance were adherent degree of the electrolyte and cathode, distribution of TPB(three phase boundaries, TPB i.e., electrolyte/electrode/gas phase area) and porosity of cathode. By increasing the sintering temperature, particle size and densification of the cathode were increased. And then, TPB area which occurs catalytic reaction was reduced and so interfacial resistance was increased.sed.sed.d.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.588-592
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• 2012

저수지에서 퇴사가 저수지에 미치는 영향으로는 저수용량의 감소로 인한 용수공급량 저하, 상류하천 수위 상승에 따른 홍수소통능력 감소로 인한 배수위 상승, 퇴적토의 용출에 의한 부영양화 촉진 및 중금속 퇴적 등의 수질변화, 퇴사로 인한 어류서식처 환경의 변화 등이 있다. 또한, 저수지로 유입되는 유사에 대한 정확한 예측은 댐의 계획 및 운영과 관련된 저수지 퇴사관계를 이해하는데 필수 요소이다. 즉, 저수지 퇴사에 관한 예측 자료는 댐 설계시에 장래 50년 및 100년 후의 저수위-저수용량 관계곡선을 결정하고, 댐의 사수위를 결정하는데 중요한 기본자료이며, 또한 댐 건설후의 저수지내로 유입되는 유사의 공간적 퇴적분포를 예측하고, 기능별 저수지 용량배분, 본체 및 취수구 등 각종 수리구조물의 안정, 저수지 상류 퇴사로 인한 홍수위의 상승 등 저수지 제 기능의 적정 관리를 계획하는데 필요한 기본자료이기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 저수지 내에서의 2차원적 하상변동을 해석하기 위한 퇴사 모델링 방법으로 2차원 정상 및 동수역학적인 유사이송과 하상변동을 모의할 수 있으며, 침식과 포착 및 이송 그리고 퇴적의 각 단계에 따라 세부모의가 가능할 뿐만 아니라 RMA2와 SMS 프로그램과 상호 연계가 자유로운 SED-2D 모형을 이용하여 댐 축조로 인한 저수지내의 퇴사거동을 모의한 후 하상변동을 분석하였다.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1994

In this stydy, Korean traditional Meju adjusted with: the salt contents of 12%, 16%, 20% and the ripeming periods of 90, 135 and 180 days. The results were summerized as follows; 1 The changes of moisture content in soy sauce by 16% salt content was slightly high and the protein was 5.88 by 12%, salt content 2. As the ripening periods was increased, the pH was decreased, on the other hand the total acidity was increased slightly. 3. In the 180 day ripened sample, the salt content increa-sed and the 12% salt content represented 30.6ft salt content. 4. The reduced sugar decreased 135 day ripening, but it increased 180 day ripening at 12fs, 16fs, 20fs salt content. 5. The amino acid content siginificantly decreased by salt content (Serine, Arginine), ripeming periods (Glutamic acid, Asparagine, Glycine, Threomine, Alanine, Methionine, Valine, Isoleucine, Lysine) and ripening time and salt content (Phenylalanine, Leucine) 6. The Fe content decreased 12% salt content while it increa-sed 16% 20% salt content. 7. According to the ripening time, there were significant changes in color, clearance, taste, flavor and over all acceptabilities. As the lower the acceptabilities on flavor or taste increase.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.1579-1587
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• 2022

The effects of hydride amount (20-850 wppm), orientation (circumferential and radial), and temperature (room temperature, 100 ℃, 200 ℃) on the axial mechanical properties of Zircaloy-4 cladding were comprehensively examined. The fraction of radial hydride fraction in the cladding was quantified using PROPHET, an in-house radial hydride fraction analysis code. Uniaxial tensile tests (UTTs) were conducted at various temperatures to obtain the axial mechanical properties. Hydride orientation has a limited effect on the axial mechanical behavior of hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding. Ultimate tensile stress (UTS) and associated uniform elongation demonstrated limited sensitivity to hydride content under UTT. Statistical uncertainty of UTS was found small, supporting the deterministic approach for the load-failure analysis of hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding. These properties notably decrease with increasing temperature in the tested range. The dependence of yield strength on hydrogen content differed from temperature to temperature. The ductility-related parameters, such as total elongation, strain energy density (SED), and offset strain decrease with increasing hydride contents. The abrupt loss of ductility in UTT was found at ~700 wppm. Demonstrating a strong correlation between total elongation and offset strain, SED can be used as a comprehensive measure of ductility of hydrided zirconium alloy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1425-1430
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• 2024

This study develops superheated emulsion detectors that are both sensitive to fast neutrons, and thermal neutrons owing to the exergonic ⁶₃Li(n, α)³₁H capture reaction caused by the ⁶Li-containing compound dispersed throughout the gel-like medium. The experimental research was conducted on two SEDs. One detector was an ordinary Freon-12 detector and the other was a Freon-12 detector containing 3.4 % (by weight) LiCl. In order to investigate the sensitivity of lithium-containing SEDs to thermal neutrons, two types of SEDs were simultaneously exposed to various flux levels of thermal neutrons from ²⁴¹Am-Be neutron source inside a cylindrical tank filled with water. A Boron-lined proportional counter was used to estimate the thermal neutron flux and the relevant MCNP code was developed for flux and dose calculations in the prepared set-up around ²⁴¹Am-Be source. The results demonstrate that there is a proportional relationship between the variations of SED response and the change in thermal neutron flux and dose. Also, the sensitivity of SED was estimated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.963-971
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of exercise intensity on PGC-$1{\alpha}$, PPAR-${\gamma}$, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sedentary control group (SED), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet+low-intensity exercise group (HFLE, 22 m/min, 60 min, 6 days/week), high fat diet+moderate-intensity exercise group (HFME, 26 m/min, 51 min), and high fat diet+high-intensity exercise group (HFHE, 30 m/min, 46 min). After 4 weeks of high fat diet and endurance exercise training, the lipid profiles, insulin, and glucose concentrations were determined in plasma. PGC-$1{\alpha}$, PPAR-${\gamma}$, and GLUT-4 contents were measured in plantaris muscle. The rate of glucose transport in soleus muscle was determined under submaximal insulin concentration ($1,000{\mu}IU/mL$ insulin, 20 min) during muscle incubation. Plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in HF was significantly greater than that in SED, and plasma glucose levels in the three exercise (EX) groups were significantly lower that those in SED and HF at 30 and 60 min, respectively (P<0.05). Plasma insulin levels in the EX groups were significantly reduced by 60 min compared to that in HF (P<0.05). The protein expression level of PGC-$1{\alpha}$ as well as muscle glucose uptake were significantly higher in SED and HF than those in the three EX groups (P<0.05), and HFHE showed significantly higher levels than HFLE and HFME. Expression levels of GLUT-4 and PPAR-${\gamma}$ were significantly higher in the HFLE, HFME, and HFHE groups compared to the SED and HF (P<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that 4 weeks of high fat diet significantly developed whole body insulin resistance but did not affect PGC-$1{\alpha}$, PPAR-${\gamma}$, or the glucose transport rate in skeletal muscle, and exercise training was able to attenuate deteriorated whole body insulin resistance due to high fat diet. In addition, high intensity training significantly affected PGC-$1{\alpha}$ expression and the glucose transport rate of skeletal muscle in comparison with low and middle training intensities.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest a structure plan for improving the utilization of inactive storage in the dam for overcoming the drought. Inactive storage in the dam is composed of the emergency storage and dead storage. The emergency storage can be used for the case of emergency such as drought. But, in general, the dead storage for sedimentation is not used even for the emergency. Therefore, this study considers the part of dead storage that the sedimentation is not progressed yet can be used during the severe drought period and is called "drought storage in a dam". The accurate Sediment Level(SL) analysis for the computation of the drought storage should be performed and so the present and future SL in the dam reservoir is estimated using SED-2D linked with RMA-2 model of SMS. After the consideration of additionally available storage capacity based on the estimated SL, the drought storage is finally determined. Present data based on historical data, future predicted future climate factors by Representative Concentrarion Pathways(RCP) 8.5 scenario. Then, using the TANK model, dam inflows were determined, and future period such as SL and drought storage were suggested. As the results, we have found that the available drought storage will be reduced in the future when we compare the present drought storage with the future one. This is due to a increase variability of climate change. Therefore, we should take the necessary study for the increase of available drought storage in the future.