• 제목/요약/키워드: S2G-MD

검색결과 80건 처리시간 0.034초

Experimental and theoretical investigation of micellization behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous/urea solution at various temperatures

  • Hoque, Md. Anamul;Mahbub, Shamim;Rub, Malik Abdul;Rana, Shahed;Khan, Mohammed Abdullah
    • Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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    • 제35권11호
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    • pp.2269-2282
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    • 2018
  • Mixed micelle formation behavior of cationic surfactant-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous as well as in urea medium from 303.15 K to 323.15 K at 5 K interval was carried out by conductometric method. The differences between the experimental values of critical micelle concentrations (cmc) and ideal critical micelle concentrations ($cmc^{id}$) illustrate the interaction between the amphiphiles studied. The values of micellar mole fraction ($X_1^{Rub}$ (Rubingh), $X_1^M$ (Motomura), $X_1^{Rod}$ (Rodenas) and $X_1^{id}$(ideal) of surfactant CTAB determined by different proposed models and outcome indicate high involvement of CTAB in SDS-CTAB mixed micellization, which enhance by means of the augment of mole fraction of CTAB. The negative value of interaction parameter (${\beta}$) showed an attractive interaction involving CTAB and SDS. Activity coefficients were less than unity in all case, which also reveals the presence of interaction between CTAB & SDS. The negative ${\Delta}G^0_m$ values imply the spontaneous mixed micellization phenomenon. The attained values of ${\Delta}H^0_m$ were positive at inferior temperature, while negative at superior temperature. The negative ${\Delta}H^0_m$ values in urea ($NH_2CONH_2$) medium illustrate exothermic micellization process. The magnitudes of ${\Delta}S^0_m$ were positive in almost all cases. The excess free energy of mixed micelle formation (${\Delta}G_{ex}$) was found to be negative, which indicates the stability of mixed micelle as compared to the individual's components micelles.

Modified Materka Model를 이용한 4H-SiC MESFET 대신호 모델링 (4H-SiC MESFET Large Signal Modeling using Modified Materka Model)

  • 이수웅;송남진;범진욱
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.890-898
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    • 2001
  • Modified Materka-Kacprzak 대신호 MESFET(Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) model을 사용하여 4H-SiC MESFET의 대신호 모델링을 수행하였다. Silvaco사의 소자 시뮬레이터인 ATLAS를 사용하여 4H-SiC MESFET 소자 시뮬레이션을 수행하고, 이 결과를 modified Materka 대신호 모델을 사용하여 모델링 하였다. 시뮬레이션 및 모델링 결과는 -8 V의 pinch off 전압과 $V_{GS}$ =0 V, $V_{DS}$ =25 V에서 $I_{DSS}$270 mA/mm, $G_{m}$ =52.8 ms/mm를 얻을 수 있었고, 전력 특성 시뮬레이션을 통해 2GHz, $V_{GS}$ =-4V, $V_{DS}$ =25 V에서 10dB의 Gain과 34dBm(1 dB compression point)의 출력전력, 7.6W/mm의 전력밀도, 37%의 PAE(power added efficiency)를 얻을 수 있었다.다.

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Identification of Botrytis cinerea, the Cause of Post-Harvest Gray Mold on Broccoli in Korea

  • Aktaruzzaman, Md.;Afroz, Tania;Hong, Sae-Jin;Kim, Byung-Sup
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.372-378
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    • 2017
  • In this study, we identified the causative agent of post-harvest gray mold on broccoli that was stored on a farmers' cooperative in Pyeongchang, Gangwon Province, South Korea, in September 2016. The incidence of gray mold on broccoli was 10-30% after 3-5 weeks of storage at $3^{\circ}C$. Symptoms included brownish curd and gray-to-dark mycelia with abundant conidia on the infected broccoli curds. The fungus was isolated from infected fruit and cultured on potato dextrose agar. To identify the fungus, we examined the morphological characteristics and sequenced the rDNA of the fungus and confirmed its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results of the morphological examination, pathogenicity test, and sequencing of the 5.8S rDNA of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS4) and three nuclear protein-coding genes, G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2, revealed that the causal agent of the post-harvest gray mold on broccoli was Botrytis cinerea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of post-harvest gray mold on broccoli in Korea.

Three transcripts of EDS1-like genes respond differently to Vitis flexuosa infection

  • Islam, Md. Zaherul;Yun, Hae Keun
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2017
  • Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) is a regulator of basal defense responses required for resistance mediated by TIR-NBS-LRR containing R proteins. We identified three transcripts of EDS1-like genes encompassing diverse/separate expression patterns, based on the transcriptome analysis by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of V. flexuosa inoculated with Elsinoe ampelina. These genes were designated VfEDL1 (Vitis flexuosa Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1-like1), VfEDL2 and VfEDL3, and contained 2464, 1719 and 1599 bp, with 1791, 1227 and 1599 bp open reading frames (ORFs), encoding proteins of 596, 408 and 532 amino acids, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences of all three genes showed the L-family lipase-like domain (class 3 lipase domain), and exhibited a potential lipase catalytic triad, aspartic acid, histidine and serine in the conserved G-X-S-X-G. All three VfEDL genes were upregulated at 1 hpi against the bacterial and fungal pathogens Rizhobiumvitis and E. ampelina, respectively, except VfEDL1, which was downregulated against E. ampelina at all time points. Against E. ampelina, VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 showed downregulated expression at later time points. When evaluated against R. vitis, VfEDL1 showed downregulated expression at all time points after 1 hpi, while VfEDL3 showed upregulation up to 24 hpi. Based on the expression response, all three genes may be involved in plant resistant responses against R. vitis, and VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 show additional resistant responses against E. ampelina infection.

PCR Analysis for Genetic Distances of Two Charybdis Crab Populations

  • Yoon, Jong-Man
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2022
  • Genomic DNA (gDNA) set apart from two populations of Korean Charybdis crab (Charybdis japonica) was augmented by PCR experiments. The five oligonucleotides primers (ONT-primers) were spent to yield the number of unique loci shared to each crab population (ULSECP) and number of loci shared by the two crab populations (LSTCP). 305 fragments (FRAGs) were identified in the Charybdis crab population A (CCPA), and 344 in the Charybdis crab population B (CCPB): 44 number of ULSECP (14.43%) in the CCPA and 110 (31.98%) in the CCPB. 44 number of LSTCP, with an average of 8.8 per primer, were detected in the two crab populations. The bandsharing (BS) value between entity's no. 01 and no. 10 was the lowest (0.371) between the two CCPs. The average bandsharing (ABS) values of individuals in the CCPA (0.575±0.014) were lesser than in those originated from the CCPB (0.705±0.011) (p < 0.05). The polar hierarchical dendrogram (PHD) achieved by the five ONT-primers denotes three genetic clusters (GCs): cluster I (CHARYBCRAB 01, 04, 05, 06, and 08), cluster II (CHARYBCRAB 02, 03, 07, 09, 10, and 11) and cluster III (CHARYBCRAB 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22). The shortest genetic distance (GD) displaying significant molecular difference (MD) was between individuals CHARYBCRAB no. 18 and CHARYBCRAB no. 17 (0.055).

Farmer's friendly technique of raising mat type healthy seedling in cold environment

  • Ansari, Tahmid Hossain;Ahmed, Montasir;Ali, Md. Ansar
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.336-336
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    • 2017
  • High mortality and slow growth of seedling generally occurred in tray due to cold, foggy weather and severe seedling blight. Mechanical transplanting is hampered, farmers having economic loss. A sustainable method for raising mat type seedling is necessary. Experiments were conducted on disease control and seedling growth in dry seasons. Fungicides treated/untreated seeds were sown 120-130g in each tray containing pulverized fine grain loam/sandy loam soils. Seed covered with a thin layer of soil and irrigated. It was polythene covered (PC) for 72h and then every night along with 2/3 sprinkler irrigation (SI) per day. Untreated seedlings infected 53-93%. Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin and Azoxystrobin+Difeconazole treated seeds/sprayed (72h) seedlings had no disease. Seedling height was 11.7-13.2 cm with compact and thick root mat at 25 days. Seeds treated at 0.2-0.3% (18-20h) showed no disease but severely in untreated seeds in all locations. Seedling height (13.8 cm), leaf age (3.7) and root number (8.5) were better when NPK were applied at 3-4-3 g/tray. Spraying of urea (1%) in addition with MOP, theovit and $ZnSo_4$ at 0.6-0.6-0.2% on 7 and $15^{th}$ days was also effective. PC showed significant growth (29.1-34.5%). Root mat was not good in flooded irrigation (FI). Disease was higher in SI (66.7-97.3%) than FI (0.7-3.7%) in untreated seeds regardless of polythene use. The protocol would be effective for raising mat type seedling in cold environment.

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농촌지역 주민(여주읍)에 있어서 간흡충 감염현황 조사 - 학생을 통한 대변수집 방안 및 결과 - (Survey on the Status of C. sinensis Infection in Rural Inhabitants (Yeoju Eup, Kyunggi Do))

  • 정명숙;이준상;임한종;염용태;차철환;구범환
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.3-11
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    • 1986
  • In order to observe the infestation rate and intensity of C. sinensis in Yeoju Eup, Kyung-gi Do, 9,512 stool specimens were collected from the inhabitants through student's helps. The specimens were examined by cellophane thick smear technique and Stoll's egg dilution technique. The epidemiological status was analysed statistically by the regession equation and catalytic curve with the results obtained from this area. The results are as follows: 1) Collection rate oft he stool samples was 66.5%, 9.512 out of 14,300 inhabintants complied with our survey. 2) The infestation rate of C.sinensis was 5.0%, and for male 7.8%, for female 2.3%. 3) Average E.P.G. by Stoll's egg dilution technique in this area was 1,572, and for male 1,853, for female 676. 4) The degree of the intensity of C. sinensis infection by E.P.G. count was distributed as 65.2% in light infection, 32.0 % in moderate infection, 2.8% in heavy infection and none in very heavy infection. 5) The intensity of endemicity in this area was represented with the regression equation calculated with cumulative percentages of E.P.G. counts. Regression equation was y=3.887+1.695 log x and Cs. $D_{50}$ was 4.54. 6) The two-stage catalytic model was applied and the calculation lead to the equation $y=0.267(e^{-0.004t}-e^{-0.019t})$; a=0.004 < b=0.019. 7) Other helminthic infection rate in this area was 1.4% in A.lumbricoides 2.7% in T. trichiura, 1.6% in M. yokogawai md 0.2% in Taenia sp. respectively.

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메주 형태와 Starter 첨가에 따른 쌀된장의 품질특성 변화 (Quality Characteristics of Rice-doenjang during Fermentation by Differently Shaped Meju and Adding Starter)

  • 이선영;박나영;김지연;최혜선
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.505-512
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    • 2012
  • 된장은 콩을 주원료로 한 우리나라의 대표적 발효, 숙성식품으로 식생활에서 주요 단백질 섭취원이자, 조미료로서 중요한 역할을 차지해왔다. 쌀된장은 쌀을 첨가한 전통된장으로 전통장류와 메주에서 분리한 효소활성 및 항균효과 우수균주 B. subtilis(HJ18-4), A. oryzae(MD05)를 starter로 이용하여, 흩임메주(Rice 1), disc형 메주(Rice 2), 일반육면체메주(Rice 3)로 제형을 달리한 쌀된장의 품질특성을 평가하였다. 발효기간에 따라 아미노태 질소, 암모니아태 질소, 환원당 함량, protease 활성, ${\alpha}$-amylase활성, 총 균수, 유산균수 변화를 측정하였다. 아미노태 질소 함량의 변화는 Rice 3이 21일까지 34.10~199.70 mg%로 급격히 증가하였으며, 암모니아태 질소함량은 다른 처리구에 비해 Rice 1이 639.29 mg%로 가장 높았다. 환원당 함량은 0.024~0.498%로 실험군별 큰 차이는 없었으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하였다. Protease 활성은 Rice 2 및 3이 다른 처리구에 비해 95.55~95.92 unit/g으로 높았으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하였다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase 활성은 Rice 2, 3이 발효 14일째 36.65~341.27 unti/g으로 급격한 증가를 보였다. 쌀된장의 숙성기간에 다른 총 균수 측정 결과 발효기간 동안 일정하였으며 Rice 1이 42일째 $4.2{\times}10^8$ CFU/g으로 가장 높은 총 균수를 나타내었다. 유산균수는 발효기간 동안 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 B. subtillis와 A. oryzae를 접종하고, 메주 형태가 Rice 3(2,000 g, $20cm{\times}15cm{\times}5cm$)으로 제조 시 아미노태 질소, 암모니아태 질소 및 효소활성 측정 결과, 품질특성이 가장 좋았음을 알 수 있었다. 쌀된장의 숙성기간 동안 품질특성이 가장 좋은 Rice 3의 유기산과 유리아미노산 함량을 분석하였다. 유기산을 분석한 결과, citric, lactic, succinic, fumaric, malic acid가 동정되었다. 이들 유기산 중 citric acid과 lactic acid의 함량이 각각 1,190.1 및 517.28 mg/kg 순으로 가장 높았다. 유리아미노산 분석 결과, glutamic acid와 aspartic acid가 1,959.88 및 1,085.00 mg/100 g으로 함량이 가장 높았으며, leucine, lysine, valine 등의 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 본 연구결과로 효소활성이 우수한 균주로 활용된 쌀된장의 제조에 있어서 제형별 특징에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

새만금 방조제 외측 고군산군도 지역의 해조상 및 군집구조 (Marine Algal Flora and Community Structure of Gogunsan Islands outside the Saemangeum Dike)

  • 김주희;고용덕;김영식;남기완
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.156-165
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    • 2011
  • 고군산군도의 해조상 및 군집구조를 파악하기 위해 7개 정점을 선정하여 2008년 12월부터 2009년 11월까지 계절별 조사를 실시하였다. 고군산군도에서 출현한 해조류는 총 58종으로, 녹조식물 10종, 갈조식물 16종, 홍조식물 32종이 채집 동정되었으며, 그 중 11종은 연중 출현하였다. 평균 생물량은 Sinsido 1 정점에서 213.8 g $m^{-2}$, Sinsido 2 정점에서 143.1 g $m^{-2}$, Sinsido 3 정점에서 133.3 g $m^{-2}$, Munyeodo 정점에서 164.0 g $m^{-2}$, Seonyudo 정점에서 116.9 g $m^{-2}$, Jangjado 정점에서 145.1 g $m^{-2}$으로 Sinsido 1 정점에서 가장 높은 생물량을 보였으며, Sinsido 4 정점에서 최저 생물량을 나타냈다. 생물량에서 우점종은 지충이(Sargassum thunbergii), 구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa), 톳(Sargassum fusiforme) 및 작은구슬산호말(Corallina pilulifera)이었으며, 지충이는 전 계절에 걸쳐 가장 높은 생물량을 보여 이 지역 대표종으로 확인되었다. 이 지역의 6개 기능형군은 성긴분기형(46.6%), 사상형(27.6%), 엽상형(17.2%), 다육질형(3.4%), 유절산호말형(3.4%), 각상형(1.7%)군으로 구분되었다. 해조류의 지역적 특성의 기준으로 이용되는 C/P, R/P 그리고 (R+C)/P값은 각각 0.33~0.75, 1.11~2.50, 1.47~3.25이었다. 종다양도지수(H')와 우점도지수(DI)로 본 고군산군도의 해조군집 안정도는 '불안정'하고 환경상태는 '나쁜것'으로 나타났다. MDS와 군집분석 결과, Sinsido 2, Sinsido 3, Seonyudo, Munyeodo로 이루어진 그룹, Sinsido 1, Jangjado로 이루어진 그룹, 그리고 Sinsido 4로 이루어진 총 3개의 군집으로 분류되었으며, 암반이 적어 해조류가 빈약하였던 Sinsido 4는 다른 정점과 유사도에서 차이를 나타냈다.

Artocarpus chaplasha: Establishment and Initial Growth Performance at Elevated Temperature and Saline Stresses

  • Rahman, Md. Siddiqur;Al-Amin, M.;Akter, Salena
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.12-18
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    • 2012
  • Like any other natural resources, forest flora may experience the extreme threat of elevated temperature and saline water submergence at different stages of their lives i.e. from germination to maturity due to climate change effects. The overall aim of the study was to measure the effect of higher temperatures along with saline water irrigation on survival and initial growth during seedling stage of Artocarpus chapalasha. The experiment was conducted in temperature- humidity-photoperiod regulated plant growth chamber during stipulated period to measure the growth performance of randomly selected seedlings. Within three different elevated temperatures viz. $30^{\circ}C$, $32^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, the seedlings were given three different saline conditions such as 0.5 g/L, 1.5 g/L and 2.5 g/L NaCl concentrations. Results found from the experiment was that, seedlings of Artocarpus chaplasha reared at different temperatures and saline water treatments showed stunted growth than reared at existing outdoor temperature ($26.31^{\circ}C$) irrigated with regular fresh water. Seedling growth at three different parameters such as height, collar diameter and number of leaves showed that with increasing temperature individuals respond negatively to increasing saline condition. The seedling's growth occurred at every day in height, collar diameter and leaf. However, growth rate reduced later during the observation. The combined effect of high salinity and higher elevated temperature results in seedling mortality. Therefore, Artocarpus chaplasha may not thrive at higher temperature and salinity intrusion at its early growing period in plantation and natural forest areas.