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Quality Characteristics of Rice-doenjang during Fermentation by Differently Shaped Meju and Adding Starter

메주 형태와 Starter 첨가에 따른 쌀된장의 품질특성 변화

  • Lee, Sun-Young (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Park, Na-Young (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Yeun (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Hye-Sun (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, NAAS, RDA)
  • 이선영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효식품과) ;
  • 박나영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효식품과) ;
  • 김지연 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효식품과) ;
  • 최혜선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효식품과)
  • Received : 2012.07.03
  • Accepted : 2012.08.10
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of rice-doenjang prepared with Aspergillus oryzae MD05 and Bacillus subtilis HJ18-4. The physicochemical characteristics of rice-doenjang prepared with three types of meju, such as grain type(Rice 1), disc shape(Rice 2), and brick shape(Rice 3), were compared. We determined amino and ammonia nitrogen contents, protease and amylase activities, reducing sugar content, and total aerobic counts and lactic acid bacteria counts. The amino nitrogen and reducing sugar contents in all meju types gradually increased during fermentation. The amino nitrogen contents reached 151.5~200.0 mg%. Rice 3 were had the highest levels among the 4 types of rice-doenjang. After 42 days of fermentation, amylase and protease activity of Rice 3 were 366.57 and 94.26 unit/g, respectively, which were the highest levels among the 4 types of rice-doenjang. The total aerobic bacteria counts were not changed during 42-day fermentation. This results suggest that high quality characteristics of brick-shaped meju(Rice 3) were better than those of the other meju preparations.

된장은 콩을 주원료로 한 우리나라의 대표적 발효, 숙성식품으로 식생활에서 주요 단백질 섭취원이자, 조미료로서 중요한 역할을 차지해왔다. 쌀된장은 쌀을 첨가한 전통된장으로 전통장류와 메주에서 분리한 효소활성 및 항균효과 우수균주 B. subtilis(HJ18-4), A. oryzae(MD05)를 starter로 이용하여, 흩임메주(Rice 1), disc형 메주(Rice 2), 일반육면체메주(Rice 3)로 제형을 달리한 쌀된장의 품질특성을 평가하였다. 발효기간에 따라 아미노태 질소, 암모니아태 질소, 환원당 함량, protease 활성, ${\alpha}$-amylase활성, 총 균수, 유산균수 변화를 측정하였다. 아미노태 질소 함량의 변화는 Rice 3이 21일까지 34.10~199.70 mg%로 급격히 증가하였으며, 암모니아태 질소함량은 다른 처리구에 비해 Rice 1이 639.29 mg%로 가장 높았다. 환원당 함량은 0.024~0.498%로 실험군별 큰 차이는 없었으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하였다. Protease 활성은 Rice 2 및 3이 다른 처리구에 비해 95.55~95.92 unit/g으로 높았으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하였다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase 활성은 Rice 2, 3이 발효 14일째 36.65~341.27 unti/g으로 급격한 증가를 보였다. 쌀된장의 숙성기간에 다른 총 균수 측정 결과 발효기간 동안 일정하였으며 Rice 1이 42일째 $4.2{\times}10^8$ CFU/g으로 가장 높은 총 균수를 나타내었다. 유산균수는 발효기간 동안 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 B. subtillis와 A. oryzae를 접종하고, 메주 형태가 Rice 3(2,000 g, $20cm{\times}15cm{\times}5cm$)으로 제조 시 아미노태 질소, 암모니아태 질소 및 효소활성 측정 결과, 품질특성이 가장 좋았음을 알 수 있었다. 쌀된장의 숙성기간 동안 품질특성이 가장 좋은 Rice 3의 유기산과 유리아미노산 함량을 분석하였다. 유기산을 분석한 결과, citric, lactic, succinic, fumaric, malic acid가 동정되었다. 이들 유기산 중 citric acid과 lactic acid의 함량이 각각 1,190.1 및 517.28 mg/kg 순으로 가장 높았다. 유리아미노산 분석 결과, glutamic acid와 aspartic acid가 1,959.88 및 1,085.00 mg/100 g으로 함량이 가장 높았으며, leucine, lysine, valine 등의 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 본 연구결과로 효소활성이 우수한 균주로 활용된 쌀된장의 제조에 있어서 제형별 특징에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

Keywords

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