• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.166-174
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• 2007

To know the effect of enzymatic pre-treatment on softwood Kraft pulp, two xylanse-encoding genes, named xynl and xynll were isolated from Thrichoderma ressei. Structural genes of xylanase (XYNI, XYNII) and cellulase (EGIV-CBDII) were isolated from T. ressei and Rumicoccus albus respectively, and expressed in E. coli. bacterial culture. The specific activity of purified recombinant XYNI is higher than XYNII. The brightness of XYNI treated softwood Kraft pulp increased to 29.9%. On further sequential treatment with EGIV-CBDII and XYNI the brightness of softwood Kraft pulp were improved to 9.1 and 73% respectively. As expected the Kappa number of softwood Kraft pulp also decreased 8.1, 4.6 and 3.2% respectively. Results further indicate that this sequential combination of enzyme treatment has synergic effect for improving bleaching of softwood Kraft pulp.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate enzyme activity, antimicrobial activity, and antibiotics susceptibility of Lactobacilli strain(Lactobacillus reuteri BLA5, Lactobacillus crispatus BLA7, Lactobacillus reuteri BLA9, Lactobacillus amylovorus LLA7, Lactobacillus crispatus LLA9, Lactobacillus vaginalis LLA11) isolated from chicken ceca and were selected by organic acid synthesis, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance. The enzymes activities were different among strains of Lactobacilli. The amylase activity and lipase activity of Lactobacillus were high but cellulase activity and protease activity of that were low. Lactobacillus culture showed high antimicrobial activity against E. coli but low antimicrobial activity against Salmonella. The inhibitory factor of Lactobacilli isolated from chickens’ cecum on E. coli was low pH by organic acid. All of Lactobacillus isolated from chicken’s cecum were susceptible to ampicillin and amoxicillin but weren’t susceptible at the optimum level of feed additive antibiotics(virginiamycin and salinomycin).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 1986

The study was conducted to screen paraquat-tolerant plant species among crops and weeds, using the response of plant like leaf disc discoloration, visual injury and dry weight in the presence of paraquat. Mechanism of paraquat-tolerance was investigated in strains of soybean through evaluating activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the multiplication of callus derived from soybean cotyledon. In crops, Kwanggyo has been selected as a paraquat-tolerant variety among soybean cultivars tested, and Hood as a susceptible one. In weeds, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album and Pinellia ternata were evaluated as the paraquat resistant species, providing the possibility for the donor plant species for paraquat resistance. Activity of superoxide dismutase known to detoxify paraquat was markedly greater in Kwanggyo, a paraquat-tolerant cultivar than in Hood, a susceptible one. In addition, the similar response like superoxide dismutase was observed in peroxidese activity. The greater inhibition of callus multiplication was determined in Hood, a susceptible one than a tolerant one, Kwnggyo. Based on all the informations, it is strongly proposed that paraquat tolerance in soybean is due to destruction of $O_2^-$ by elevated concentration of superoxide dismutase in the tolerant cultivar.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.797-808
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of microporous, spherical biphasic calcium phosphate(BCP) ceramics with a 60/40 $hydroxyapatite/{\beta}$ -tricalcium phosphate weight ratio for application as a bone graft substitute. Materials and Methods : Microporous, spherical BCP granules(MGSB) were prepared and their basic characteristics were compared with commercially available BCP(MBCP; Biomatlante, France) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral(Bio-Oss; GBistlich-Pharma, Switzerland, BBP; Oscotec. Korea), Their physicochemical properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. Cell viability and proliferation of MC3T3-El cells on different graft materials were evaluated. Results : MGSB granules showed a chemical composition and crystallinity similar with those in MBCP, they showed surface structure characteristic of three dimensionally, well-interconnected micropores. The results of MTT assay showed increases in cell viablity with increasing incubation times. At 4d of incubation, MGSB, MBCP and BBP showed similar values in optical density, but Bio-Oss exhibited significantly lower optical density compared to other bone substitutes(p <0,05). MGSB showed significantly greater cell number compared to other bone substitutes at 3, 5, and 7d of incubation(p <0,05), which were similar with those in polystyrene culture plates. Conclusion: These results indicated the suitable physicochemical properties of MGSB granules for application as an effective bone graft substitute. which provided compatible environment for osteoblast cell growth. However, further detailed studies are needed to confirm its biological effects on bone formation in vivo.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.77-82
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate of the anti-inflammatory effects of Schisandra chinensis seed oil(SSO) on the production of pro-inflammatory substances in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods : SSO was measured the production of pro-inflammatory factor (NO, PGE2, IL-1β iNOS and, COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. we used the following methods : cell viability assay, Griess reagent assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting analysis.Results : The cell viability of SSO(0∼500 μl/mL) processing group was 96.9% and the processing of SSO didn't have an effect on the cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of the nitric oxide (no) production of SSO(500 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL) was each 70.3%, 37.6% and 26.5%. IL-1β production inhibition ability of SSO(500 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL) was each 49.88% and 48.8%. PGE2 production inhibition ability of SSO(500 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL) was each 49.88% and 73.1%, 70.5%. By using SSO, it experimented about iNOS protein expression inhibition ability, that is the NO production enzyme. iNOS protein expression increased in the group processing LPS independently. iNOS protein expression decreased in the group processing SSO together. The expression of the COX-2 protein decreased 89.6%, 81.8% in the group processing SSO. The significance was in the relationship with NO formation inhibition with the relationship with the PGE₂ formation inhibition and iNOS protein, it confirmed in SSO with the COX-2 protein.Conclusions : Stimulation of the RAW 264.7 cells with LPS caused an elevated production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β and PGE₂ which was markedly inhibited by the pretreatment with SSO without causing any cytotoxic effects. The reduced expressions of iNOS protein were consistent with the reductions in NO production in the culture media. SSO may be useful for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.470-485
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate health promotion lifestyle profiles of the Korean elderly in Japan. The subjects of this study were 202 elders in Aichi prefecture. The method of this study questionnaires interviews, and a self-administered questionnaire from the 1st to the 20th of April in 2000. This study tool was based on Walker et al. (1987)'s Health Promotion lifestyle Profiles (HPLP). Analysis of the data used an SPSS/pc+ WIN 9.0 program. Data analyses were conducted by using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA. Pearson correlation, Kendal tau and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles of Korean elderly in Japan was 2.72(SD=0.40). On the sub-scale of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles: nutrition(M = 3. 06), self-actualization(M =2.99), interpersonal support (M=2.81), stress management (M=2.68) revealed higher scores, whereas the scores of health responsibility(M=2.52), and exercise(M=1.92) were lower. 2. Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles were significantly different by age (F = 11. 02, p = .000), religion(F=2.96, p=.033), occupation(F=6.91, p=.000), living family status(F=13.07, p=.000), living family number(F=11.74, p=.000), monthly pocket money(F=18.79, p=.000), the source of pocket money (F=7.18, p=.000), and the length of residence(F=9.79, p=.000). 3. Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles was significantly predicted by monthly pocket money($r^2$ change =0. 188, p=.000), sex($r^2$ change= 0.066, p= .000), the length of residence($r^2$ change = 0.059, p = .000), the source of pocket money($r^2$ change=0.036, p= .000), age ($r^2$ change=0.018, p=.000). These variables showed a positive correlation with health promotion lifestyle profiles of the Korean elderly in Japan. These variables explained 36.7% of the variance of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles. On the basis of the above findings, Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles programs for Korean elderly in Japan needs be to developed with Japanese social-culture perspectives and needs to develop an intervention method to improve Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles. It is also suggested that further research is required.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.383-389
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• 2017

This study assesses the necessity of popular music instructor training, and promotes the establishment of popular music educational institutions and certification related to applied music education. Popular music has profound influence in popular culture, and is gradually diversifying. However, successful singers predominantly remain mostly boy/girl performance groups lacking musical skills. This study posits the cause of this problem is the absence of popular music instructor training systems, and suggests solutions. Currently, Korea's popular music lacks a public education system that teaches students effectively. Also, popular music is acknowledged as field-oriented, and isn't recognized for its academic value. Lastly, the lack of professional instructor training system in higher educational institutions creates challenges in fostering effective teachers. Solutions to these problems include establishing dedicated educational institutions and establishing certification programs. Implementing these solutions will provide significant positive effects in developing globalization for the currently stagnant K-pop industry. In addition, these solutions would contribute to the stabilization of the popular music industry, enhancing the image, and developing the popular music industry in general. In conclusion, this study promotes the popular music industry development by influencing and promoting awareness of music professionals, not just applied music students.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.55-61
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• 1969

This K-17 strain was not absolutely requiring xylose as an inducer for enzyme formations. The most activity of this enzyme was lost when treated at $75^{\circ}C$. for 30 hours but was not influenced at $70^{\circ}C$. for 70 hours of treatment. The activity of this enzyme was increased by the addition of magnesium ions or cobalt ions in the reaction system. In the studies, we found that the magnesium ions simply activate the enzyme reaction and the cobalt ions do not but protect the enzyme from heat inactvation. And it was also found the phosphate buffer solution was very suitable as glucose dissolving solvent on the enzyme reaction. The mixed carbon source medium containing glucose, fructose, sorbitol, xylose and sucrose was more favorable for enzyme production then a sole carbon source containing medium on the shaking culture method.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.9-22
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• 2011

Some Volunteer Fire-Fighting Teams (VFFTs) play an important role in Civilian Volunteer Disaster Prevention by being managed effectively, but the others do not. There can be many cause-analyses about this difference. VFFTs aren't a profit-making organization and are a group which has no compulsion. So it is important that who the leader is, and what type of leadership he has. Furthermore VFFTs have hierarchy like fire-fighting teams and so the leader's command and judgement bring about the actual distinction in the organizational operation. Under this background, the survey has been carried out on the trust of leader and leadership type which may maximize the organization commitment. Consequently, to make efficiency of District Disaster & Volunteer Aid Network increase by augmenting organization commitment. The leader of VFFTs should get the transformational leadership rather than transactional leadership and have paternal or democratic leadership in the decision-making process. Especially we have to create a traditional and unique korean Volunteer fire-fighting organization culture through paternal leadership. Additionally, the trust on leaders should be recognized as a fundamental factor to obtain more performances beyond expectation by increasing the success and output of the team, mutual understanding and cooperation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2003

Cellular glass foam (CGF), the reprocessed glass, has a possibility to be used as a medium component in plug culture of horticultural crops due to the its excellent air and water permeability as comparable to perlite. An experiment was conducted to investigate growth of plug seedlings of Lycopersicum esculentum 'Segye' as influenced by irrigation frequency in various medium combinations of CGF (2.0-4.0 mm particle size) and peatmoss. Seeds were sown in 200-cell plug trays, filled with mixtures of CGF and peatmoss either at 33：67 or 25：75 (％. v/v) and were germinated on a fogged propagation bed. The irrigation frequencies used were one, two or three times per every two days. A commercial plug medium (Tosilee medium) was used as the control, and the irrigation frequency in the control was one time per day. Growth of seedlings, and medium pH and EC were measured at 33 days after sowing. The medium composition had little influence on overall growth of seedlings. Irrigation frequency very significant affected number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and dry matter. Growth of seedlings was the greatest with the highest irrigation frequency in the 25% CGF＋75% peatmoss mixture.