• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.83-96
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze the design of current nurse uniforms, investigate the state of nurse uniforms, and uniform design preferences in order to ultimately develop functional nurse uniform, which satisfy their needs. First, observing photos of nurses' campaign on wearing a badge showed that opening of top uniform almost always incorporated buttons, and sleeves were mostly set-in half sleeves while collars tended to be mandarin collars. The colors were mostly white for both top and bottom, while the top showed a bit more variety in colors. White tops often incorporated hospital logos on them. Second, in terms of the nurse uniform distribution, each nurse is given one top and one bottom per year. In addition, either a cardigan or a jacket on top of the regular summer uniform constitutes the winter uniform, whereas the availability of cardigans differed by hospitals. Third, the main source of contamination of uniforms was blood, and the level of satisfaction was all low in terms of the design, function, and material of the uniform, calling for the enhancement and development of new uniforms. Design preferences were two-piece with pants, color preferences were blue and pink, and pattern preferences were hospital logo, stripes, and check patterns in the listed order of preference. Complaints were usually made on the contamination of front pocket of the top, lack of sufficient pockets for storage, and tightness of the sleeves. Some preferences on finishing were the princess seams, mandarin collar, set-in half sleeves, and button closing on top. The preferred belt was a mixed form of straight-lined belt and rubber belt, and straight lined hem and spandex blended fabrics were favored for the clothing.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

This work is about the development or asphalt sealant using the waste edible oil. Asphalt sealant has been used for crack filler and bridge deck joint sealer Several plasticizers such as aromatic or paraffin process oils, DOP, Bunker C fuel oil, and waste edible oil were compounded with the basic components such as asphalt(AP-5), a thermoplastic elastomer(SBS triblock copolymer), a tackifying agent(petroleum resin), and stabilizers. Penetration, softening point, ductility, and elongation by tensile adhesion of those asphalt sealant compounds were measured. Their properties were changed largely depending on both the type and content of plasticizers. Waste edible oil and DOP were the best plasticizers for the low temperature tensile adhesion characteristics. Penetration and elongation by tensile adhesion of asphalt sealant compounds increased with the increase of waste edible oil content and decreased with the increase of talc content. The manufacture of asphalt sealant with low penetration and excellent low temperature tensile adhesion was possible by the recipe optimization.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

The term 'thermal insulating materials' describes a class of materials which can improve the thermal efficiency by reducing the thermal conduction, convention and radiation between the inside and outside of the system. As a thermal insulating material, numerous industrial applications are possible including the automobile, aerospace, aviation, and petrochemical. Especially, the silica aerogel, with their superior thermal insulating behavior, has been widely used as thermal insulating materials. Because the mechanical properties of the silica aerogel cannot meet the industrial demand, use of the silica aerogel is limited. This article aims to review the thermal insulating materials and silica aerogel, and to introduce the silica aerogel/polymer composites.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2012

Silicone resin has no water-absorbing function because it is a strong hydrophobic polymer. However, addition of super absorbent polymer gives much better absorbency than that of conventional silicone resin. In this study, we developed novel silicone materials with water-absorbing function by choosing three types of amorphous acrylic super absorbent polymers with different particle sizes, determining the mixing ratio of the three polymers and applying the mixtures into two-component type silicone material for medical purpose. The change in the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, compressive strength and hardness was investigated by varying the particle size and content ratio of the added super absorbent polymers while preparing the silicone resins. The absorbency of the silicone resins was measured over time. Additionally, the particle shape of the super absorbent polymers as well as the distribution within the silicone resin was observed using an optical microscope.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2007

Polyamic acid(PAA)/organoclay nanocomposites containing phosphorous were prepared by solution blending of phosphorylated PAA(PPAA) and organically modified montmorillonite(O-MMT) as a type of layered clays. The nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, TGA, PCFC, SEM, and XRD. The preparation of nanocomposites was confirmed by FT-IR and XRD. SEM pictures showed that the organoclay was dispersed well in the PAA matrix relatively. XRD results indicated that the O-MMT layers were intercalated. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of O-MMT/PPAA nanocomposites were higher than those of pure PAA. PCFC results also showed that the heat release capacity and total heat release values of O-MMT 4 wt%/PPAA-0.2, 0.4, 0.6 composites were decreased with increasing the mole ratio of phosphorous. It was found that the nanocomposite films had the potential to be used as a fire safe material.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2013

We have developed the synthetic processes for the monomers of polyamide-type TPEs (thermoplastic elastomers, TPAEs) obtained from vegetable oil. TPAEs have several superior physical properties to those of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). From the common starting material, oleic acid, which is commonly found in various vegetable oils, we have synthesized three ${\omega}$-amino acid monomers ($C_9$, $C_{10}$ and $C_{11}$ ${\omega}$-amino acid) and three ${\alpha}$, ${\omega}$-dicarboxylic acids($C_9$, $C_{10}$ and $C_{11}$ ${\alpha}$, ${\omega}$-dicarboxylic acid) for TPAEs in good yields.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

In terms of electrical safety, environmental impact assessment and revision of domestic regulation are needed for the electric facilities. In this paper, risk of electric facilities is assessed by the spot measures and analysis in dust generation area. Adhesion dust in a surface of insulated materials cause electrical accidents. In a mechanism of these accidents, when the dust lie on electric facilities, a leakage current is flowed and the surface of insulated material is carbonized. Hereafter, electrical fire is generated due to Joule's heat. As the results, dusts are found in protection devices or panel board and sampled dusts vary in sampled amounts and conductivity severally. For the most part, sodium is detected but zinc and calcium are detected in case of reclaimed rubber factory by the ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy). In a sewerage, the ingredients such as sodium, magnesium, iron, calcium, aluminium, etc are detected uniformly. So that, results of the spot measures and analysis of dusts are become the important data for the assessment of electrical hazard in dust generation area.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.31-35
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• 2000

The complex permeability, the complex permittivity and the reflection loss are investigated in the composite microwave absorbers which are mixed with the wasted Mn-Zn ferrite and the industrial cement. The cement has larger the complex permittivity than that of the rubber. The complex permittivity is decreasing with the increment of the mixing ratio of Mn-Zn ferrite to cement (F/C in weight) and the complex permeability is increasing with the increment of F/C. The maximum reflection loss is above -40 dB at all samples. The matching frequency is in the range of 1.3 GHz to 2.9 GHz and is decreasing with the increment of F/C from 1 to 3. The matching thickness is increasing with the increment of F/C. The wasted Mn-Zn ferrite and the cement is very useful material for the composite microwave absorber.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.165-183
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• 2022

Most transportation departments have recognized and developed procedures to address the ever-increasing weights of trucks traveling on bridges in a service today. Transportation agencies also recognize the issues with overheight vehicles' collisions with bridges, but few stakeholders have definitive countermeasures. Bridges are becoming more vulnerable to collisions from overheight vehicles. The exact response under lateral impact force is difficult to predict. In this paper, nonlinear impact analysis shows that the degree of deformation recorded through the modeling of the unprotected vehicle-girder model provides realistic results compared to the observation from the US-61 bridge overheight vehicle impact. The predicted displacements are 0.229 m, 0.161 m, and 0.271 m in the girder bottom flange (lateral), bottom flange (vertical), and web (lateral) deformations, respectively, due to a truck traveling at 112.65 km/h. With such large deformations, the integrity of an impacted bridge becomes jeopardized, which in most cases requires closing the bridge for safety reasons and a need for rehabilitation. We proposed different sacrificial cushion systems to dissipate the energy of an overheight vehicle impact. The goal was to design and tune a suitable energy absorbing system that can protect the bridge and possibly reduce stresses in the overheight vehicle, minimizing the consequences of an impact. A material representing a Sorbothane high impact rubber was chosen and modeled in ANSYS. Out of three sacrificial schemes, a sandwich system is the best in protecting both the bridge and the overheight vehicle. The mitigation system reduced the lateral deflection in the bottom flange by 89%. The system decreased the stresses in the bridge girder and the top portion of the vehicle by 82% and 25%, respectively. The results reveal the capability of the proposed sacrificial system as an effective mitigation system.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2023

Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers have been widely applied in various fields, such as soft robots and biomimetic actuators, in a one-dimensional form. LCEs possess the characteristics of both fluidity and solid order, as well as the elasticity of rubber, and exhibit stimulus-response based on these properties. In particular, by programming the responsiveness to various stimuli such as heat, light, electric fields, and magnetic fields in terms of shape-changing, various movements such as lifting, twisting, and rotating can be realized with high degrees of freedom. Therefore, LCE fibers have the potential for application in various fields such as artificial muscles, soft robots, wearable technologies, and sensing technologies. The research on liquid crystal elastomer fibers is evaluated to have high applicability in various fields in the Fourth Industrial Revolution as a smart material that can include various functionalities beyond simple fibers. In this review, we introduce the structure and basic characteristics of liquid crystal elastomer fibers, the latest research trends on orientation-based fabrication methods, and various applications such as artificial muscles, smart fabrics, and soft robots.