• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.311-322
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• 2017

In this study, the seismic performance of concrete-steel composite moment frame structures equipped with seismic retrofitting systems such as seismic reinforcement, base isolators, and bracing members, which are typical earthquake damage mitigation systems, is evaluated through nonlinear dynamic analyses. A total of five frame models were designed and each frame model was developed for numerical analyses. A total of 80 ground acceleration data were used to perform the nonlinear dynamic analysis to measure ground shear force and roof displacement, and to evaluate the behavioral performance of each frame model by measuring inter-story drift ratios. The analysis results indicate that the retrofitting device of the base isolator make a significant contribution to generating relatively larger absolute displacement than other devices due to flexibility provided to interface between ground and column base. However, the occurrence of the inter-story drift ratio, which is a relative displacement that can detect the damage of the structure, is relatively small compared with other models. On the other hand, the seismic reinforced frame model enhanced with the steel plate at the lower part of the column was found to be the least efficient.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

A lot of the energy are consumed on heating and cooling in buildings. The buildings need to minimize the heating and cooling loads for $CO_2$ emissions and energy consumption reduction. In recently, also demand of detached houses were increase while the residential culture was changed. The structure of the domestic detached houses can be divided into masonry, concrete, wood frame houses. Therefore, in this study, the heating and cooling load and energy demand were analyzed on the equal area detached house consisting of three structural methods (Masonry, Concrete, Wood frame). Layer of wall, roof, and floor were composited by structure. Thermal transmittance (U-value) of each layer was using the PHPP calculation for considering stud, such as the wood frame wall. In addition, the case of without considering for studs in wood frame wall (Non-studs) was analyzed in order to compare the difference between studs or not. Analysis was performed using self-developed heating and cooling load calculation program (CHLC) based excel and ECO2. The results of cooling and heating load and energy demand showed the highest values in the wood frame structure, and the concrete structure were confirmed to maintain a high value secondly. Two structure were determined to be disadvantageous on the energy consumption. Consequently, the masonry structure have an advantage over the other structure under the identical conditions. It was determined that if the except for thermal bridges due to the studs in the wood frame structure, it can be reduced the energy consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

The study aims to investigate general characteristics of Jae-sil from an architectural perspective by grasping location, deployment, structure, and plan composition based on existing inhabited conditions in Jeollabukdo. Results derived from the study are as follows. First, the location of Jae-sil is classified into mountainous and village types, and the two types showed a similar distribution. The village type showed the most distribution in the foot of a mountain in the rear of village, while the mountainous type is close to graveyard. The Jae-sil were mostly exposed to south, southeast, and southeast, which was not significantly different from residence. For deployment of the Jae-sil, a "二" shaped house, where main quarter and gated building are parallel located, can be common, indicating that additional attached building is less required. Second, for the platform out of structural components, coursed masonry was conducted by using natural rocks, and placed were a prop on the platform, first line on processed foot stone, and others on natural foot stone. For pillar, front line round columns, while others square columns. The binding type of the upper part of pillar is dominated by jangyeosujang and sorosujang. For wooden frame structure, 5ryangs were the most distributed, and out of these, 1goju 5ryang was the most generally used. For a roof part, it was composed with gambrel roof with single eave, and the roof was constructed by placing traditional Korean tile roof on the top. Third, for a size of Jae-sil out of plan composition, although the facade and the side of it were presented in a diverse manner, 4 facade rooms and 1.5 side rooms were the most frequently presented, and all Jae-sil were equipped with front ceremonial space. For spatial composition of Jae-sil, main floored hall is placed at the center, and each room is placed on the left and right side to secure space for ancestral rite for participants of it, and for a house with 5 rooms or more, it shows that main floored hall and rooms are weighted from side to side.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.350-359
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• 2017

This paper presents a new holistic development approach for the carbon continuous-fiber composite frame of an automotive sunroof assembly. The original steel frame has been designed to get higher bending stiffness with its corrugated cross-sectional shape. The new approach uses the prepregs of a fast cure epoxy and PCM manufacturing processing. For higher productivity, the new frames feature a very simple plat cross sectional shape but achieve high bending stiffness through the laminate design. The sandwich structure with a PET foam core was presented. The frames were made of carbon UD laminae covered single carbon fabric on the outer surfaces. The fabrics provide torsional stiffness and also hold the carbon UD fibers floating in the low viscous epoxy resin of prepregs at the curing temperature during processing. The final product yields approximately 18 % savings in weight compared with the original.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Light-frame wood structures have the ability to carry gravity loads. However, their performance during severe wind storms has indicated weakness with respect to resisting uplift wind loads exerted on the roofs of residential houses. A common failure mode observed during almost all main hurricane events initiates at the roof-to-wall connections (RTWCs). The toe-nail connections typically used at these locations are weak with regard to resisting uplift loading. This issue has been investigated at the Insurance Research Lab for Better Homes, where full-scale testing was conducted of a house under appropriate simulated uplift wind loads. This paper describes the detailed and sophisticated numerical simulation performed for this full-scale test, following which the numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results. In the numerical model, the nonlinear behavior is concentrated at the RTWCs, which is simulated with the use of a multi-linear plastic element. The analysis was conducted on four sets of uplift loads applied during the physical testing: 30 m/sincreased by 5 m/sincrements to 45 m/s. At this level of uplift loading, the connections exhibited inelastic behavior. A comparison with the experimental results revealed the ability of the sophisticated numerical model to predict the nonlinear response of the roof under wind uplift loads that vary both in time and space. A further component of the study was an evaluation of the load sharing among the trusses under realistic, uniform, and code pressures. Both the numerical model and the tributary area method were used for the load-sharing calculations.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.549-556
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• 2018

Progressive building collapse occurs when failure of a structural component leads to the failure and collapse of surrounding members, possibly promoting additional failure. Global system collapse will occur if the damaged system is unable to reach a new static equilibrium configuration. The most common type of primary failure which led to the progressive collapse phenomenon, is the sudden removal of a column by various factors. In this study, a method is proposed to prevent progressive collapse phenomena in structures subjected to removal of a single column. A vierendeel peripheral frame at roof level is used to redistribute the removed column's load on other columns of the structure. For analysis, quasi-static approach is used which considers various load combinations. This method, while economically affordable is easily applicable (also for new structures as well as for existing structures and without causing damage to their architectural requirements). Special emphasis is focused on the evolution of vertical displacements of column removal point. Even though additional stresses and displacements are experienced by removal of a structural load bearing column, the proposed method considerably reduces the displacement at the mentioned point and prevents the collapse of the structural frame.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2009

The Monte Carlo procedure was used to simulate wind load effects on a light-frame low-rise structure of irregular shape and a main wind force resisting system. Two analytical models were studied: rigid-beam and rigid-plate models. The models assumed that roof diaphragms were rigid beam or rigid plate and shear walls controlled system behavior and failure. The parameters defining wall stiffness, including imperfections, were random and included wall stiffness, wall capacity and yield displacements. The effect of openings was included in the simulation via a set of discrete multipliers with uniform distribution. One and two-story buildings were analyzed and the models can be expanded into multiple-floor structures provided that the assumptions made in this paper are not violated.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.134-153
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• 2009

This study is to examine closely the frame structure of buildings in the royal palace of Josen dynasty, focused on inner buildings of Changgyeonggung(昌慶宮) which is built in 19th century, through considering the member size of main structure and analyzing the slope of a rafter. The plans of a size on main member are as follows ; firstly, a length of the perimeter column was accorded with Gunggwolji(宮闕誌) and the planning size of interior column was shown to a Chon(a Korean inch, 寸) unit. The slope of long common rafter that is formed between the perimeter and interior columns was grasped with limits of a definite value. This is that the perimeter column is trimmed to a Chon unit, as Yeongchunheon(迎春軒), In the roof frame of Korean traditional timber architecture, the slope of rafter, first of all, is to decide the slope of long common rafter and then to decide a height of ridge piece settled whole height of a building. And it is regulated with position and height of a post so as to set up middle rafter. Especially, the slope of long common rafter, it is not to be decide through scale of a building but through a length of the perimeter column and composition of bracket structure. And in case middle rafter, the process of its slope is to devide the central bay on the side of a building into equality, and then to adjust position and length of a post.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.899-902
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• 2006

For a quick and accurate 3D modelling of a building, laser scanning data, digital maps, aerial photographs and satellite images should be fusioned. Moreover, library establishment according to a standard structure of a building and effective texturing method are required in order to determine the structure of a building. In this study, we made a standard library by categorizing Korean village forms and presented a model that can predict a structure of a building from a shape of the roof on an aerial photo image. We made an ortho image using the high-definition digital image and considerable amount of ground scanning point cloud and mapped this image. These methods enabled a more quick and accurate building modelling.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.107-113
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest the materials for developing the new house style by analysing the space characteristics of wood frame houses in suburbs of Seoul. For this, we analysed 45 drawings(site plan, floor plan, elevation, section) that were designed by MICHOO, WOOD-LAND, STUGA and CHOWONJUTECK company etc. The space design characteristics that we found are as follows; 1. The wood is fragile to humidity. Therefore this characteristic is especially considered in designing the space of bathroom and utility room. 2. It is the merit of wood frame house that inner space can be designed variously by using spilt-level and the slope of roof. 3.The public space and private space are completely separated in most cases and the stair is located in the middle of house. This structure of house is short of horizontal openness. Instead, most houses gets vertical openness by making second floor on the living room opev. 4. In wood frame house as the rural house, the outer space is well used by setting up deck and balcony. The outer spaces like deck and balcony are usually used as a part of life space in connected with living room, dining room, master bed room and family room. 5. The public spaces like kitchen, living room, dining room and family room are considered so important in design that those are arranged in front in order to have good outlook and directiov.