• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Being engaged in the musical tasks needs cognitive skills to perceive musical sound, organize them into meaningful unit, store them in the memory and retrieve them when needed. These skills are also required for academic tasks indicating that there is positive correlation between skills for musical and academic tasks. Based on these findings, the study purported to examine whether the developed sessions can enhance cognitive skills which is composed of auditory information skills, which is composed of perceiving sounds, organizing them into groups based on the existing information or organization pattern, and short-term memory skills. Eighteen elementary students in 4, 5, and 6th grades have participated in the study. The study has administered Music Cognitive Skills Test(MCST) before and after implementing music therapy sessions. The MCST consisted of five parts, first one measuring the rhythm imitating skills, second, measuring the melodic imitation skills, third, measuring discriminative skills in identifying higher pitch, fourth, measuring discriminative skills in identifying identical chords, and lastly, measuring the tone retention skills. The results indicated that there was statistical difference between the pre and post test in rhythm and melody imitation skills. Because reproduction of perceived rhythm patterns requires memory skills, imitating patterns are considered cognitive skills. Also melody is defined adding spatial dimension to the rhythm which is temporal concept. Being able to understand melodic pattern and to reproduce the pattern also requires cognitive skills. The subjects have shown significant improvement in these two areas. In other areas, there were definite increase of scores, however, no significant differences. The study also explores interpretation of these results and also observed consistencies among the participants in completing the musical tasks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.114-122
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• 2012

Traditional music should be succeeded and developed through the systematic education since music represents culture and history of one country. In Korea, even through the importance of Korean traditional music has been emphasized through the seven times of revision of national curriculum, music education has been still Western-oriented. This study aims to make students have experience Uttari Samul-nori and investigate the perception changes about the Korean traditional music. It is ultimately expected that students inherit the Korean traditional music and further recreate our own traditional culture. Samul-nori class was organized in the regular music curriculum twice a week, for 10 hours and various activities were tried during that time. 1st-year high school students participated in this research and they were allowed to play Samul instruments directly and play the basic rhythm suggested in the newly designed curriculum. Before and after the research, the questionnaires were sent to examine the attitude changes toward the Korean traditional music. The result of the questionnaire are as follows: First, Samul-nori activities affect positively the students' interest in the Korean traditional music and Samul-nori itself. Second, Danso(short bamboo flute) education which has been implemented most frequently during the Korean music education, is not satisfactory to the students. Third, students were satisfied with the new teaching method of Samul-nori and most students wanted to continue to take Samul-nori class. Last, students recognized the importance of Korean traditional music education after the research activities.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.299-308
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was designed to identify nurses' perceptions and educational intentions regarding natural childbirth control (NCC) methods. Method: The participants were 313 nurses working at three general hospitals in Seoul. They were asked to complete a questionnaire composed of scales measuring knowledge and perceptions childbirth control methods, awareness of bodily changes in ovulation phase, perceptions of fetal life, which were developed by the author. Also, Chang's (2002) Sexual Autonomy Inventory was utilized. The data were analyzed by the SAS program. Results : Methods of condom and rhythm were considered to be more useful for childbirth control than other methods. Only 34-54% of them knew exactly about the NCC methods using menstrual cycle, body temperature, and mucus. The mean scores of sexual autonomy and awareness of bodily changes in ovulation phase were 3.8 and 3.4 out of 5, in respect. Educational intention was different statistically by the age, marital status, future intention to use NCC methods, and perception of educational need for NCC methods. Conclusion : Nurses' perceptions and educational intentions regarding NCC were low, especially in nurses who were married. It is recommended to encourage nurses to learn NCC methods for clients education.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.27-45
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a music making program that utilizes the characteristics of the picture books medium through the ADDIE model so that teachers can easily apply it to children, and to determine whether it affects children's musical aptitude and music creativity. Methods: The Participants of the study were 42 five-year-old children attending a daycare in Seoul, of which 20 were in the experimental group and 22 in the comparative group. The experimental group participated in a music production program using picture books, and during the same period, the comparison group participated in music activities suggested by the Nuri Course. Using the SPSS 22.0 program, average, standard deviation, independent sampling t-test, and ANCOVA(Analysis of Covariance) were calculated. Results: The music making program using picture books improved children's rhythm and tone which are the sub-items of music aptitude. The music making program enhanced children's music flexibility, music creativity, music logic which are the sub-items of music creativity. Conclusion/Implications: The music making program presented systemic teaching-learning method with which teachers explained the modeling and practiced from simple activities to various activities repeatedly in order to make teachers approach music making more easily. It is recommendable to make the music making program by using I-pad and computers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.63-83
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the elements and principles of fine arts were reflected in art related activities in the teacher's manual on standard childcare curriculum for a period of 2 years. Methods: The analysis criteria for the elements of fine arts were modified and complemented based on Kim and Gang(2011) and the same was done for the principles of fine arts based on Lee et al(2015). Results: First, as a result of analyzing the art contents according to life theme in art related activities, 'artistic expression' appeared the most in all nine life themes. Second, as a result of analyzing the art related contents in the standard childcare curriculum for 2 years based on the elements of fine arts, plane, texture, shape, color, volume, line, spot, space, composition, light and shade appeared in order. Third, as a result of analyzing the art related contents on the principles of fine arts, movement, emphasis, variety, unity, rhythm, proportion, balance and pattern appeared in order. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this research suggest that the childcare activities have to be devoloped in order to provide the balanced experiences with fine arts activities.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.8.1-8.4
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest that activities consisting of sympathy and gratitude are the way to healing. In our team's Hope World (希望世上), we changed the lyrics of GunbamTaryeong, which Koreans know the most, to create a healing Taryeong. The iterative refrain changed to "It's nice, it's hope, it's a good world for everyone." "The Wind Blows, Spring Has Come, The Moon Is Bright" will be the beginning of each chapter in GunbamTaryeong. It looks like a bright lyric, but it also shows both sides. All members participated in changing the lyrics, harmonizing the lyrics and rhythm, preparing props, playing musical instruments, and exciting performances. Therefore, it can be said that it is the story of healing where everyone is together. The song of Hope World is a real Taryeong that heals those who plan together, sing together, play musical instruments together. It's a "hope-Taryeong (希望打令)" who dreams of a "everyone good world." It's a Taryeong that lingers in my mouth and comes to mind. In this way, activities consisting of mutual cooperation and love doubled gratitude and sympathy for each other, and we think healing was achieved in the process. In this study, we suggest that sympathy and gratitude are perhaps the first steps towards healing. The Hope World Song (希望世上歌) is available on our channel YouTube (https://youtu.be/hgPiD4g2-iM).

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.253-274
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to make establishing criteria for Korea traditional nursery rhyme suitable for children and apply them effectively in early child education. The researchers of this study are firstly concerned with establishing criteria for Korean traditional nursery rhymes suitable for children. Secondly, they are concerned with establishing Korean traditional nursery rhymes suitable for children which are selected by following the established criteria. A Delphi survey was performed with early childhood educators and 30 related professionals to establish criteria for Korean traditional nursery rhymes suitable for children. The SPSS 12.0 program was used to calculate the standard deviation and average. Through this process the final seven criteria selected are: 'traditional play spaces and fun of play language is showed', 'lifestyles and emotions of children in the past is expressed', 'easy to understand story', 'the content is interesting', 'assisting in the development of children', 'easy to sing melody', and 'simple and repetitive in rhythm'. And 112 songs appropriate to the children were selected based on these criteria. The lyrics of the songs mainly expressed 'the joy of play.' it means songs need to combine with play to succeed to the next generation.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 1999

Auditory thresholds were determined by means of a conditioned response to sound stimuli at frequencies 80, 100, 200, 300, 500 and 800 Hz for a 10 black rock fish, Sebastes schlegeli. The conditioned response was a change of a cardiac rhythm. It was established through an electric shock as unconditioned stimulus, and could be monitored on an oscilloscope. A stable acoustic condition was obtained by suspending the fish in a small cage at fixed position in the test tank. The sensitive frequencies ranged from 80 Hz to about 800 Hz, showing the best frequency around 100 Hz where the mean threshold value was 90.5 dB. A gradual rise below 300 Hz and a relatively sharp turn above 500 Hz were indicated in the audiogram. The method presented here seemed to be useful for a rapid determination of the audiogram of fishes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2024

Walking can have a positive impact on cognitive function in adolescents. This study aimed to compare the effects of walking with sneakers and barefoot on cognitive ability in adolescents. Fifty-nine adolescent male students were included in the study and assigned to the control (n = 20), sneaker (n = 19), and barefoot (n = 20) groups. The barefoot and sneakers group performed a 40-min walking exercise four times a week for 12 weeks during the morning physical activity time, while the control group performed self-study. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain activity variables were measured before and after the exercise program. The results showed that after 12 weeks, the barefoot group had a significant decrease in Gamma and H-beta waves and a significant increase in sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) and Alpha waves. Conversely, the control group showed a significant decrease in SMR waves and increase in Theta waves. The sneaker group showed a significant decrease in SMR waves alone. In an eyes-open resting state, the barefoot group showed a significant increase in H-beta, M-beta, SMR, and Alpha waves. The barefoot group also had a significant increase in cognitive speed and concentration and a significant decrease in brain stress. Taken together, barefoot walking can effectively enhance cognitive ability in adolescents, as demonstrated by the significant variation in EEG activity. This research highlights the potential benefits of barefoot walking as a simple and effective form of exercise for enhancing cognitive function in adolescents.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.34
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• pp.32.1-32.12
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• 2022

Background: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms to provide grounded knowledge in establishing nurses' health promotion strategies. Methods: The subjects of this study were 493 newly hired nurses working in 2 general hospitals within the university from September 2018 to September 2020. Sociodemographic and work-related characteristics were collected from a medical examination database and a self-reported questionnaire. These included sex, age, marital status, living situation, education level, alcohol consumption, physical activity, prior work experience before 3 months, workplace, and departments. To analyze the associations between the chronotype and depressive symptoms, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Results: Among participants, 9.1% had depressive symptoms and 16.4% had insomnia. The subjects are divided into morningness (30.2%), intermediate (48.7%), and eveningness (21.1%). The multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for age, living status, education level, alcohol consumption, physical activity, workplace, prior work experience before 3 months, and insomnia, revealed that the OR of depressive symptoms in the eveningness group was 3.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50-9.18) compared to the morningness group, and the R² value was 0.151. It also can be confirmed that insomnia symptoms have a statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.03-4.52). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that evening-type nurses are more likely to have depression than morning-type nurses. We should consider interventions in a high-risk group such as the evening type nurses to reduce depressive symptoms in nurses.