• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-120
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• 2007

The knowledge based economy requires more and more people to learn new knowledge and skills in a timely and effective manner. These needs and new technology such as computer and Internet are fueling a transition in e-learning. According to specialist's opinion, imagination experience studying is generalized, and learning environment that language barrier by studying, multi-language studying Machine that experience past things that disappear through simulation, and travel area, and experience future changed state disappears is forecasting to come. This is previewing finally that it may become future education that education and IT, element of entertainment is combined. Already, became story that argument for party satellite of e-Learning existence passes one season already. e-Learning is utilized already in all educations that we touch by effectiveness by corporation's competitive power improvement and implement of lifelong education in educational institutions through present e-Learning. It is obvious that when see from our viewpoint which is defining e-Learning by one industry and rear by application to education as well as one new growth power about these, e-Learning industry becomes very important means that can solve dilemma of growth real form. Only, special quality of digital industry that e-Learning is being same with other digital industry and repeat putting out a fire rapidly, and is repeating sudden change that these evolution is not gradual growth of accumulation and improvement of technology that is appearing consider need to. In the meantime, we need to observe about evolution of Information Technology. Because there is some scholars who e-Learning's concept foresees to evolve by u-Learning.(although, a person who see that these concept is not more in marketing terminology by some scholars' opinion is). This u-Learning's concept means e-Learning that take advantage of ubiquitous technology as Ubiquitous-Learning's curtailment speech. Ubiquitous, user means Information-Communication surrounding that can connect to network freely regardless of place without feeling network or computer. There is controversy about introduction time regarding these direction, but e-Learning is judged to evolve by u-Learning necessarily. Because keep in step and age that study all contents that learner wants under environment of 3A (any time, any whrer, any device) by individual order thoroughly is foreseen to come in ubiquitous learning environment that approach more festinately.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2019

The fourth industrial revolution calls for an integrated talent by improving working-level skills within the big framework of creativity and convergence. Therefore, university education focuses on solving the problem of practical ability education by improving employment ability. Based on this improvement in practical skills, this study is based on the field-based design curriculum of Capstone. Currently, the Capstone Design Course is being implemented at most universities, extending its scope to the fields of engineering, humanities, social studies and arts. However, there is a limit to the core concept of Capstone design education and capacity education developed in line with the foreign educational environment and applied directly to our nation's university education. In terms of overseas cases, the core focus is to develop practical, design, and prototype capabilities by forming a team among all grades and multidisciplinary institutions to support the capital and manpower of the industry. However, the nation's industrial linkage and curriculum have difficulties in carrying out multi-disciplinary education. In this study, students were asked to team up and solve the challenges that the industry needs based on the expertise acquired in the lower grade curriculum by applying majors and 3D printing through the first and second semester courses of the fourth grade to address these limitations. In addition, business skills for the process of creativity and leadership experience in our country through a suitable design capstone class to review the efficiency of education by applying a model. In order to achieve the purpose of Capstone design subject, the goal setting, class model composition, class model application, verification and evaluation, and final class model development procedures were carried out. Through this process, it will be used as a basic material for educating design class capstone design.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.356-365
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• 2020

Purpose: There have been many efforts to develop generalizable severity markers in children with acute pancreatitis (AP). Expert opinion panels have developed consensus guidelines on management but it is unclear if these are sufficient or valid. Our study aims to assess the effect of clinical and laboratory variables, in addition to treatment modality on hospital length of stay (LOS) as a proxy variable for severity in pediatric patients admitted with AP. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients between ages of 0-18 years, who were admitted with AP at 2 institutions between 2013-2018, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital (Buffalo, NY, USA) and Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital (Charleston, SC, USA). We constructed three linear regression models to analyze the effect of clinical signs of organ dysfunction, laboratory markers and fluid intake on hospital LOS. Results: Ninety-two patients were included in the study. The mean age was 12 years (range, 7.6-17.4 years), 55% were females, and median LOS was 3 days. The most frequent cause of AP was idiopathic. Our study showed that elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) on admission (p<0.005), tachycardia that lasted for ≥48 hours (p<0.001) and need for fluid resuscitation were associated with increase LOS. Total daily fluid intake above maintenance did not have a significant effect on the primary outcome (p=0.49). Conclusion: Elevated serum BUN on admission, persistent tachycardia and need for fluid resuscitation were associated with increase LOS in pediatric AP. Daily total fluid intake above recommended maintenance did not reduce LOS.

• Review of Korean Society for Internet Information
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.63-76
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• 2013

This short report introduces the general background why Brazil conference is being prepared and what topics would be undertaken and what goals are being taken into account. It overviews what differences from traditional telecommunication governance, internet governance has had in its historical development and how such differences had been formed from its technological differences and the regulatory policy shift from common carrier regulation to privatization. Moreover, the fact that open, voluntary, bottom-up, diverse stakeholder's participation had evolved throughout the historical development of the internet, had established the present multistakeholder governance model from technological standardization to addressing scheme policies. ICANN, which has governed internet addressing schemes since the earlier 2000s, had developed address policies including IANA function from Jon Postel and technical community's legacy management system into contract based formation between ICANN and gTLD, ccTLD registries. And it made dispute resolution policies responding to trademark disputes and resolved gTLD monopoly issue by introducing new TLD generation and the separation of registry and registar. However, there had been challenges on the legitimacy of ICANN due to its dependency on the Federal Government of the U.S. particularly in its oversight role over ICANN and IANA contract. WSIS raised up internet governance issues including addressing governance, and set up IGF as a discussion platform for multistakeholders to discuss and share all views on other internet related public policies. IGF's loose and non-binding discussion once frustrated governments and other stakeholders, but more focused discussion and visible outcomes have consolidated its unique role for internet governance discourses. Particularly, IGF addressed many emerging internet related issues like cybersecurity, privacy, net neuratlity, development related issues. WTPF of 2013, after WCIT debate on whether traditional telecommunication regulation could be applied to internet infrastructure, suggested other governance issues such as the transition to ipv6, IXP coordination etc. How to make sure the legitimacy of internet addressing governance and how and where other internet related public policies could be undertaken are fundamental tasks for internet governance. Brazil conference, which has been motivated by the breakdown of trust in internet governance from NSA mass surveillance revealed by Snowden, faces these questions and try to make consensus on principles, institutions and roadmap for internet governance in multistakeholder participation way.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.179-202
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• 2014

This study was carried out to reduce the number of marine accidents on versatile small ships and to minimize the casualties. The study looked into the compulsory education systems regarding embarkation on small ships such as the Korean Marine Officers Act, conducted a survey targeting on the education receivers to suggest problems, and drew a conclusion. Conclusions are as follows. First, it is needed to give education opportunities in the system by increasing the recipients of the Ships Officers Act, and to simplify the compulsory education by separating similar courses from the education regulated by the Korean Marine Officers Act, and by establishing integrated courses suitable to each size and facility of ships. Second, in cases where the compulsory education courses of different purpose of ships by other legislations are similar, it is necessary to expand the scope of the inter-education so that corresponding year's education is exempted. Third, by classifying the education ares, the education courses should be based on case studies and the audiovisual or field education that correlates relevant expertise should be managed within a reasonable time frame. Fourth, it is needed to enhance the education effect by converting the regular education courses to practical courses by different ships for safe navigation, and is also needed to review the system so that special courses for safe navigation can be carried out in each region on a regular basis by expanding both human and financial support of special institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2001

The rating instrument to evaluate the quality of nutrition information websites was developed and ten websites which were maintained by nutrition expert(s) and frequently linked to other related sites were evaluated. The rating instrument with 15 questions on credibility, content, purpose, and design was developed. Eleven college students majoring in Food and Nutrition rated each question as 'Yes', 'No', 'Cannot tell' while visiting each site. The questions rated most often as 'Yes' were 'Is it capable for a user to interact with a responsible person for the site?', 'Is the information provided by nutrition expert?', 'Does the information fit in with dietary guideline?' in the order. The questions rated most often as 'No' were 'Is the source of the information indicated?', 'Is the purpose of the site stated?', and 'Is an internal search engine working?', indicating these categories need betterment. The questions rated most often as 'Cannot tell' were 'Is the information current?', 'Is the information provider credible?', indicating that these may be difficult questions for college students to evaluate. Individuals or institutions who are providing nutrition information on the internet now or plan to provide later are expected to consider the problems pointed out in this study, and offer highly qualified information to the users in an effective way. Various rating instruments to evaluate the quality of nutrition information websites can be developed based on a variety of criteria. It is, however, to be desired that a standardized rating instrument would be developed by a leading group of nutrition experts, and the results of site review with the instrument be open to the public in order to improve the quality of Korean nutrition information on the internet.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.81-100
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find necessary factors and to suggest the future directions for the successful graduate archival education in Korea by comparing current programs hi Korea and North America. Name of the schools, credits, required and elective courses, practice, research and thesis are compared by analyzing web sites and literature review. Development of more various Master's programs, a separate degree in Master of Archival Studies, more credits for the degree, standardization of curriculum, and the working environments for practicum, internship and research are found as important elements for the program. In the end, more collaborations with other disciplines, more faculties with working experiences and Ph. D. degree in archival studies, communications among the universities, archival institutions and professional societies/associations, continuous research on the programs, improvement of the quality of archivists, strong national supports for archives and records and establishment of the strong quality control for being archivists are suggested for the future directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.311-332
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to establish core elements required for the implementation of multicultural library services, to analyze the features of each element, and to develop a model of effective multicultural library services. This model was aimed to improve multicultural services and programs currently managed on a short-term basis by public libraries in Korea and help those libraries develop more systematic and long-term multicultural services. To proceed with this study, the literature review, a case study and a survey(the exploratory factor analysis, T-test and ANOVA analysis) were conducted. In this study, it is found that more effective operation of multicultural services in public libraries requires cooperation and integration with not only other libraries and related social and educational institutions in a community, but also international network. Based on this idea, the model of operating multicultural services in public libraries in Korea was proposed in this study.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2012

Because of the rising healthcare costs, there is a growing need for developing efficiency indicators for medical resources use and measuring efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems using them. In this study, we aimed to develop efficiency indicators for medical resources use by means of Delphi technique. We systematically reviewed the existing measures of medical resource use. Thirty nine indicators were selected as a candidates across the six domains: medical personnel, medical equipment, medical facilities, ethical management, resource efficiency, and drug use. To develop efficiency indicators with professional consensus, a 2-round Delphi survey was conducted among 29 professional experts. The following indicators were selected based on the Delphi survey results: adjusted number of the patient per day and level of the nurse number medical personnel in medical personnel domain; the number of the scan a professional physician and the quality of the scan in medical equipment domain; bed utilization rate in medical facility domain; drug price reported pharmaceutical price by medical institutions, medical fee billing transparency, and medical care appropriateness in ethical management domain; costliness index in resource efficiency domain; and utilization of high cost drug and items per prescription in drug use domain. The efficiency indicators could provide valid information about efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems with respect to their resources use and facilitate policies to improve their efficiency.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.394-398
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• 2019

Education on the physician continues with undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, and continuous medical education. The countries such as the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, German, and others are required to undergo training in the clinical field for 2 years after completing the national medical examination, and to become doctors after passing the clinical practice license test. Korea can obtain a medical license and become a clinical doctor at the same time if it passes written and practical tests after completing 6 years of undergraduate medical education or 4 years of graduate school. About 90% of medical school graduates replace clinical practice with 4-5 years of training to acquire professional qualifications, but this is an option for individual doctors rather than an extension of the licensing system under law. The medical professional qualification system is implemented by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on the regulation. In fact, under the supervision of the government, the Korean Hospital Association, the Korean Medical Association, and the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences progress most procedures. After training and becoming a specialist, the only thing that is given to a specialist is the right to mark him or her as a specialist in marking a medical institution and advertising. The government's guidelines for professional training are too restrictive, such as the recruitment method of residents, annual training courses of residents, dispatch rule of the residents, and the quota of residents of training hospitals. Although professional training systems are operated in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, most of them are organized and operated by public professional organizations and widely recognize the autonomy of academic institutions and hospitals. Korea should also introduce a compulsory education system after graduating from medical education and organize and initiate by autonomic public professional organization that meets global standards.