• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.20-44
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• 2004

The National Health Insurance Expenditure has been increased rapidly since the introduction of the separation of prescription and dispensing in 2000, and this trend of rapid growth in overall spendings rate has been observed predominantly among medical practitioners. This study was conducted to investigate the growth rate and distributional changes in private medical practitioners' expenses from 1999 to 2002 and its determinants using the National Health Insurance claims data. The total increasing rate of all medical practitioners' expenditure paid by the National Health Insurance between 1999 and 2002 was $41.71\%$, which exceeding that of general hospitals by $20\%$p. But the income distribution among each practitioner was improved as the changes in Gini coefficient(from 0.40 to 0.38) and decile distribution ratio(from 0.25 to 0.29) during the same period showed. However, this improvement in distributional patterns is not enough since even in 2002 it turned out that the highest $10\%$ income group earned 33times more than the lowest $10\%$ income group did. Also, higher Gini coefficient was observed in larger cities and some department like plastic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology. The major causes of this differentials in medical practitioners' expenses were factors related to medical demand like proportion of old population, residential economic status in a given area. In addition, providers' economic incentives also played an important role in determining their income distribution. The large income differentials among physicians may imply a skewed distribution of patients and thus long waiting time, inefficient utilization of resources and potential inadequate quality of care. In this sense, unreasonable distributional gaps should be reduced, so effective measures as well as ongoing monitoring would be necessary to correct current distributional problems.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2008

주거환경에서의 사용자 요구사항은 매우 다양하고 복잡한 연계관계를 갖고 있다. 근 미래의 u-Home시스템은 기존 사용자들의 요구 수용뿐만 아니라 U-home관련 신기술의 요구사항도 접목해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 사용자의 요구사항을 보다 효율적으로 시스템에 반영하기위해 사용자의 행위 데이터를 기반으로 요구유형을 분류하고 시스템 개발에 활용할 수 있도록 사용자 행위분석모형UBAF(User Behavior Analysis Framework)을 제안 하고자한다. UBAF는 SE에서의 시스템 모델링 방법과 HCI 관점의 사용자 모델링 방법을 접목한 개발 프레임워크이다. 이를 통해 u-Home에서 정형화된 방법으로 사용자들의 핵심행위를 시스템 개발에 적용할 수 있었다. 적용사례로 u-Home의 실내 온도 조절 시나리오를 분석하여 시스템 모델링과 사용자 행위를 지식화 하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

The purpose of the study is to examine the characteristics of the ideal housing for the modern family suggested by the Home Exposition (September, 1915) under the Japanese colonial rule in the macroscopic context of social change and the microscopic context of family. Through this research, we expect to have a partial understanding not only of changes in the outward appearance of traditional housing spaces during the civilization period and the early Japanese colonial rule when foreign cultures began to be introduced but also of families'residential lives and the patterns of change in people's consciousness of housing. Major conclusions from the current analysis are as follows. First, there were some changes in family paradigm induced through a home exhibition. Second, the most important factor for an ideal housing was that it must be the source of harmonic and healthy family life. Third, the importance of an appropriate space norm should be emphasized by providing the minimum size of each room. Fourth, the significance of the housing values of the economy, convenience, and hygiene should be emphasized for the ideal housing. Lastly, it was implied that for an ideal housing, the social and psychological aspects of housing must be satisfied along with the physical aspects. The limitation was that the model of ideal family housing presented in the Home Exposition cannot exclude the characteristics of the colonial perspectives in that it was followed by the model for the Japanese families.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2009

This study carried out to analysis the characteristics of periodic changes of landscape facilities with the apartment sites in Cheongju City. The construction periods were divided into the introduction stage (the 1980s), the development stage (the 1990s), and the maturity stage (after 1999). As for the apartment sites constructed in the introduction stage (the 1980s), their landscape facilities were restricted to play and resting facilities. Some of them even were constructed without rest facilities. Since the focus was on the affluent supply of houses in the 1980s, they put a greater emphasis on quantity than quality. Entering the development stage in the 1990s, they started to pave the sidewalks and driveways separately within the apartment sites and build parking lots underground. After 1999, they entered the maturity stage, where the outside spaces of apartment sites began to reflect environment-friendly designs and the initiatives to improve residential environments. The major causes behind the introduction of high-grade materials in landscape facilities in the open spaces of apartment sites are the upgraded level of living standards and the diversified patterns of activities taking place in the open spaces. The environmental formative works were placed alongside waterscape spaces to create a beautiful and harmonious landscape.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2010

일반적으로 조적조는 석재, 벽돌, 시멘트블록 등의 조적 개체와 모르타르(motar) 등 이종재료로 구성된 적층구조로서, 우리나라뿐만 아니라 전 세계적으로 가장 오래되고 광범위하게 사용되어진 구조재료이다. 그러나 수직하중에 대한 큰 저항능력에 비해 횡력에 매우 취약한 단점을 갖고 있으며, 최근에 발생한 지진피해사례에서도 저층의 조적조 건축물의 피해가 많이 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수평전단력 향상을 위하여 기존 사각형 블록 벽체에서 발생되는 횡방향 통줄눈을 방지하여 횡력에 대한 저항력을 높여줄 수 있는 육각형 형태의 블록을 개발하고, 개발된 블록을 사용한 조적 벽체의 구조실험을 수행하여 거동특성과 전단강도의 증가효과 등을 분석하며, 신축 및 건물 리모델링시에 내진보강용으로 사용할 수 있는 조적조를 제안하고자 하였다. 개발된 중공형 및 솔리드형 블록을 사용하여, 블록의 형상 및 수직 철근 보강량 및 배열위치를 변수로 육각형 블록 벽체의 구조실험을 수행 하였으며, 기존 사각형의 조적조 벽체에 비교하여 상대적으로 연성적인 거동과 전단저항 능력의 향상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and the consumption patterns of convenience foods by university students according to where they reside. The subjects were 572 university students in Changwon and Masan who were divided into three groups by their residential type; students living with their parents (n=297), self-boarding students (n=139), and students living in a dormitory (n=136). This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Among all students, 22.4% skipped breakfast, and the major reason was lack of time (38.1%). Convenience food intake at lunch was 39.1%, and that of snacks was 35.4%. In particular, convenience food intake at lunch was 45.9% for students living with their parents, 30.9% for those self-boarding, and 32.6% for those living in a dormitory (P<0.01). Approximately 66% of the students said that the reason they bought convenience food was that it was easy to cook. Those who were residents of a house (P<0.001) believed that nutritional imbalance was a problem with convenience food. The students who lived in the dormitory ate frozen fried pilaff (P<0.01), canned vegetables (P<0.05), packed kimchi (P<0.001), and Ramyon cups (P<0.001) more, while the self-boarding students ate Ramyon (P<0.05) more. The results suggest that it is necessary to educate people how to buy reasonably by understanding the interrelationship between convenience food and health care and by checking the nutrition index label on convenience foods.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2018

Purpose - Food consumption in Korea has changed in paradigm as it has grown qualitatively in the past in quantitative shortages. Consumer food consumption patterns are rapidly changing due to changes in economic, social and population conditions, scientific and technological development, climate change, and market opening. At the same time, there is a need to actively respond to these changes in terms of the food industry, market, and government policy. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes and characteristics of food consumption expenditure of Korean consumers in-depth and depth in order to provide implications for agriculture, food market and policymakers. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyzed various food consumption changes from the 1980s to 2015 through Household Income and Expenditure Survey raw data from MDIS(Microdata Integrated Service) of Statistics Korea. and conducted the age effect, generation effect, and year effect by cohort analysis. We also conducted comparisons with OECD countries on several indicators. Results - Food consumption spending was slow, and there was no significant change in home consumption, while eating out consumption increased about 20 times in 2015 compared to 1980. Income, age, residential area, number of household members showed significant changes in food consumption. According to the cohort analysis, the changes in the food consumption structure are largely due to age effect, and the year, age, and generation effects are different for each food item. Conclusions - Food consumption has a significant impact on not only the nutritional status of consumers but ultimately the public health. Therefore, they should be regarded as a strategic policy area of central government rather than a matter of size and change of food consumption expenditure.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-23
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• 2001

This study is for the Kyungduk-Dan(as a altar of Milsung-Daegun) and The Manun-Jae the characteristics(lay out and planning, window patterns, structure, materials) of the the Korean traditional house during the modern era. Before Manun-Jae was used for the house. The Kyungduck-Dan was constructed in August according to the Lunar Calender in 1927. The Manun-Jae(house for Ki-hun Kang, millionaire ) was completed in 1924. Modern Architectures brought to Korea with the bricks, the tiles, the flash doors, the plate grasses, the brass hardwares. These architectural material was used in positive. During the construction of Manun-Jae in 1924, it happened the architectural exchage among a korean, a chinese and a japanese constructor. Though using the air exhaust valve at the kitchen of Ukyung-Kak( old Anchae), it could be assume that the modern convenience and the improvement of residential environments was considered at that period during the construction of Manun-Jae. That construction was elected with the brick($222mm{\times}106mm{\times}50mm$), the chinese colored tile and plate glass such a modem materials. The new shape of the korean lattice window and the wooden flash-door with glass was used. In Ukyung-Kak, the Chan-Maru(service space) and the kitchen such as a service space or concise utility zone was organically connected. Especially, considered the domesitic activity and circulation, the western kitchen sink and the Chan-Maru(service space) was rationally placed. At the Manun-Jae and the Kyungduck-Dan, the architectural characteristic is that the new shape of windows was used. The lattice window at the Ondol room of Ukyung-Kak, was rgadually added the plate glass and the wood plate. The lattice window with the grid shape at kitchen of that building was adapted japanese grid lattice window in korea at that period. It is the sample that korean traditional house was typically influenced from the japanese resident culture. The Manun-Jae and the Kyungduck-Dan as the modern house kept the form of korean traditional architecture, and was partially adapted a modern characteristic space and modern architectural materials. During the japanese occupancy, these residence can be showed the transition in formally.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2013

본 연구는 경상남도 창원시를 대상으로 MetPhoMod 모델링의 야간시간대 바람패턴결과를 이용하여 공기순환성 평가를 실시하였다. 공기순환성 평가는 바람의 지속성과 교란성의 평가지수를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 바람의 지속성은 바람패턴의 풍속, 바람의 교란성은 풍향의 다양성 결과를 활용하였다. 분석결과 도시지역 중 공기순환성이 취약한 지역은 봉림동, 용지동, 반송동 등으로 나타났으며, 특히 용지동과 상남동, 사파동의 고층아파트 및 상업지역, 단독주거지역에서 바람정체현상이 발생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 이러한 공기순환성이 취약하여 바람정체현상이 발생하는 지역에 대해 공간개선을 함으로써 바람의 유동이 원활할 수 있도록 조성되어야 할 것이며, 도시외곽에서 생성되는 바람이 지속적으로 유입될 수 있도록 개발계획차원에서 바람길 조성방안이 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2015

Malaysian modern housing typologies (such as bungalows, semi-detached houses and terrace houses) are influenced by international style and constitute unique regional characteristics because they are modified in accordance with climatic conditions and unique social, ethnic housing cultures. This research identified unique characteristics and planning principles of how rooms and spaces of a house are related and organized into coherent patterns of form and space. For the analysis, we surveyed twenty-two residential precincts that identified twenty-five unit plan types for landed properties built in Ara Damansara, Malaysia. The methodology adopted in this study consisted of a document review and field surveys. It is difficult to find unique characteristics of space organization (except for the location of bathrooms) because the form of terrace houses is standardized and limited in design from the aspect of space organization. However, the organization of bedroom space and kitchen space has strong regional characteristics that have become stereotyped for semi-Ds and bungalows. General guideline for areas of unit plans are proposed based on the results of area analysis. We also found that the areas of L + D and MB increase as the total area of the house increases; however, the remaining rooms do not increase in area as long as they satisfy appropriate standards due to the addition of multi-purpose extra rooms. This study only examined limited cases in Ara Damansara and it is difficult to generalize the findings of other new towns in Malaysia. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to collect and systematically organize data according to typologies. Finally, the authors were able to understand the unique regional design factors to be considered for landed property housing planning in Malaysia.