• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.433-444
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• 2018

This study aims to examine the screening rate of health screening of the disabled by screening the data of disability and health statistics of the National Health Insurance Corporation, to suggest the problems of health examination and the future improvement measures, and also to review the type of health management of the disabled based on the results of health examination interview. As people with limited daily life or social life for a long time because of their physical/psychological disabilities in accordance with the Article2 of , out of 2,479,080 registered people with disabilities on the basis of December 31st 2015, the research subjects were limited to people with disabilities who participated in the health screening and health type for presenting the opinions about policies. In conclusion, regarding the health screening for the disabled, first, it would be necessary to collect the opinions from people with disabilities in order to prepare the health screening service suitable for them. Second, it would be needed to develop the health screening items for each type of disability and severity. Third, it would be necessary to consider the medical equipments and amenities of health examination for the disabled. Fourth, there should be the securement of manpower and education for service providers. Fifth, the mobility right of the disabled should be secured. Regarding the health type of the disabled, first, the expert consultative group in each area should be composed for the health enhancement of the disabled. Second, it would be necessary to screening the current status of health enhancement programs for the disabled and operating facilities. Third, the Central Health Medical Center for the Disabled, shown in the law on the securement of health rights & medical accessibility of the disabled should develop the standardized health enhancement programs for each disability type and severity. After examining the contents of health examination and health type of the disabled, the opinions about policies were suggested. Thus, in the future, there should be more detailed researches based on the tasks suggested by this study, and also the causal relations between health of the disabled and relevant programs should be continuously revealed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.291-298
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Problem-Based Learning on Academic Resilience, Learning Flow, and Academic Motivation in nursing students. Methods: Research design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 121 sophomore nursing students from two universities. They were divided into the Problem-Based Learning group (n=61) and Lecture-Based Learning group (n=60). The data were analyzed by Chi-square, paired t-test, and independent t-test. Results: In the PBL group, there was statistically significant improvement in Academic Resilience after intervention (pretest $3.88{\pm}.36$, posttest $4.00{\pm}.38$, p<.001). However, no statistically significant difference was found in the Lecture-Based Learning (LBL) group (pretest $3.86{\pm}.43$, posttest $3.93{\pm}.17$). In terms of Learning Flow, there was statistically significant improvement in the PBL group (pretest $3.31{\pm}.41$, posttest $3.51{\pm}.42$). However, no significant change was identified in the LBL group (pretest $3.45{\pm}.42$, posttest $3.48{\pm}.47$. Academic motivation was improved in the LBL group (pretest $3.32{\pm}.30$, posttest $3.46{\pm}.32$, p=.002) as well as in the PBL group (pretest $3.26{\pm}.23$, posttest $3.47{\pm}.21$, p<.001). Both results were statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that Problem-Based Learning could be more effective for nursing students in improving their academic achievement. Further studies need to be investigated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.334-346
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• 2007

The present study examined the reproductive factors and food intake pattern which influence on the breast cancer risk in Daegu${\cdot}$Gyungbuk area. The case subjects were 103 patients newly diagnosed as breast cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 159 healthy women selected by frequency matching of age and menopausal status in the same community. The survey was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires which include general and reproductive characteristics, dietary habits, and food frequency. The odds ratios were calculated by using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for confounding variables. The mean age of the subjects was 50 yrs, and mean body mass index was significantly high in the patient group than in the control. The patient group had a significantly higher familial history of breast cancer and a significantly shorter breast-feeding period compared to the control group. It has been found no significant relationship between extrinsic hormone use such as oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. In regard of food habits, a high preference for the cooking method of steaming rather than frying, panbroiling or roasting was significantly associated with lower relative risk of breast cancer. The higher intake frequencies of fruits for all subjects, and seaweeds only for postmenopausal subjects were related with a significantly lower relative risk of breast cancer. The results of the study suggest that the possible risk factors for the breast cancer occurrence include high BMI, family history, less breast feeding experience, preference for the cooking method of frying, and less consumption of fruits and seaweeds. This study provides an useful data for nutrition education to prevent breast cancer for the residents in Daegu${\cdot}$Gyungbuk area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.79-88
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• 2012

The purpose of this study were to classify the Y/N in participating the urban farming and to analyze the intention in farm village experience tourism, reason to participate and non-participation, the positive image and negative image between the urbanite group experience in urban farming and the other group that does not experience it. Questionnaire was implemented to the metropolitan urbanite who visited exemplary field farmhouse and urban recreation space to analyze the comparison of groups that experience or do not experience urban farming. The result of this research is as follows: first, experiencing urban farming are relatively less in willingness to participate in the farm village tourism experience than those who do not experience it. Second, the largest reason to participate in farm village tourism experience is found to be the natural environment of farm village tourism experience that is different from that of the city and the effect on children's education. Third, most answers on the reason for not participating in farm village tourism experience is because of the busy daily life. Fourth, urbanite have positive image in general about farm village tourism experience. Especially, when the comparison between the groups was made, it was showed that the difference in understanding the crops growing and the natural environment difference in the city. Fifth, about the negative image on the farm village tourism experience, it showed the difference in understanding the unfamiliar scenery, shortage of eye catching and fun, and the necessity and cost between the groups. Consequently, this study may be significant in the recognition of the farm village tourism experience on urbanite were checked, it was revealed that Y/N experience in the urban farming made negative influence to the willing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.64-74
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• 2010

The study is based on an urban park design that is designed in consideration of the characteristics of Uijeongbu City, applied with adequate functions for the environment and showcasing the unique scenery in relation to the relocation of the US Air Force Camp Falling Water. The bases of the design are: the reasonable convergence of the square and park in consideration of the site characteristics; the application of an urban context as the park is located near a station; and the realization of an eco-friendly space. This study is based on foundation research regarding a review of urban square patterns, particular items in planning in relation to modern urban parks and the adaptability of the park in the future. Regarding space usage, the design is applied with notable ideas that allow the space to make its own characteristics through voluntary user activity in conjunction with the environment that will allow the park to cope with changes in the future, as opposed to a space that users experience through pre-determined programs. Below are the focal points of the design. First, the park is designed as an empty space which may accommodate the urban structural context of and usage patterns for being a field of the city ecology that changes and develops, beyond a passively-created square pattern. Such open spaces have a continuity which allows it to adapt to the development of the city. In addition, the design facilitates spontaneous processes through changes in usage pattern and time. Second, the design includes the message that the park and the city, natural things and artificial things, must communicate and network with each other. Hence the park shall not be an isolated green island within the city, but is an open space accommodating the demands for open area from nearby commercial, public and residential facilities; the park shall include a field that can accommodate a variety of programs. Third, the park is designed to encourage the effect of direct and indirect practical education by reflecting a physical plan as well as interesting experience design methods to lower carbon emissions and to create and maintain an eco-friendly space, the basis of a zero-emissions city.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.230-239
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• 2017

These days, the demand of farm tours is on the rise in Korea. However, most of them are related to farming experience. To overcome the situation, ecological experience is introduced. In this sense, it is necessary to obtain the contents and educational materials of ponds, the space of farming and ecological experience. Therefore, this study analyzed the use patterns of oriental medicine of pond wetland plants. Oriental medicine is used for old and traditional knowledge, and is still applied to various fields, such as medical science, pharmacy, and science. The analyzed result of this study will be helpful for the educational materials of ecological experience. This study surveyed plants of 40 pond wetlands in rural areas, and looked into the use patterns of traditional medicine by using the contents of Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal being operated by Korean Intellectual Property Office. According to the vegetation survey of the 40 pond wetlands, there were a total of 457 taxa in 108 families, 309 genera, 392 species, 59 varieties, 5 forma, and 1 subspecies. Among them, 314 taxa in 53 families, 136 genera, 265 species, 45 varieties, 3 forma, and 1 subspecies had the information on the use patterns of traditional medicine. It means that 68.8% of the plants around pond wetlands contain traditional medicine. Given other application patterns, such as food, handcraft and traditional farming, more than 70~80% are expected to include traditional knowledge. 314 taxa used for traditional medicine had 570 kinds of efficacy and 325 kinds of disease treatment. It means that one taxon has 4.0 (0~20) kinds of efficacy on average and 6.6(0~20) kinds of disease treatment. It is expected that this study result will be applied to various fields, including experience, education, and medical science. And it is considered that valuable pond wetlands are worthwhile to be conserved constantly.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-33
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• 2003

From the study on Doo-Jong Kims view of history about the early Korea$(Korea\;herewith\;stands\;for\;Korea\;dynasty\;A.D.918{\sim}1392)s$ Medicine, I came to a conclusion as follows. 1. Doo-Jong Kim is stressing on the fact that Early Koreas Medicine inherited from Shilla dynasty and seemingly expressing the pride of national medical science. But actually he distorted the Koreas independent growth with flunkeyism and insisted that Koreas medicine only took over Shilla dynastys which based on Chinese Tang dynastys medical science. As a result, Koreas medicine was blurred and evaluated as nothing but Tangs medicine. But, the reasons of Doo-Jong Kims viewpoints were not based on the fact, but on his speculation. 2. About the medical system, Doo-Jong Kim viewed that Korea copied Chinese Soo & Tangs medical system, But the fact is that Korea only borrowed a part of Chinese medical systems name, for examples, Tae-I-Gam, Sang-Yak-Kook, Sang-Sik-Kook, etc., and its actual functions were different and grew in Koreas own way, As a result, the titles or roles in the system were very different from those of Chinas. Especially, Korea saw much development in Science of Acupuncture and Moxibustion that there was a specialist on Acupuncture, called I-Chim-Sa, and even had much influences on Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustions growth, exporting Hwang-Je-Ne-Kyong to Chinese Song dynasty. 3. About the education system of medicine, Doo-Jong Kim viewed that Koreas medicine was only a copy of Shilla dynastys which was based on Chinese Tang dynastys, taking the medical examination curriculum as an example. The fact is that Tangs medical curriculum was three, Bon-Cho, Kab-Ul, Maek-Kyong, Shilla had seven, Bon-Cho-Kyong, Kab-Ul-Kyong, So-Moon-Kyong, Chim-Kyong, Maek-Kyong, Myong-Dang-Kyong, Nan-Kyong, and Korea had ten, So-Moon-Kyong, Kab-Ul-Kyong, Bon-Cho-Kyong, Myong-Dang-Kyong, Maek-Kyong, Dae-Kyong-Chim-Kyong, Nan-Kyong, Ku-Kyong, Ryu-Yon-Ja-Bang, So-Kyong-Chang-Jeo-Ron. Simply considering this, it is so clear that Koreas medical curriculum was much more upgraded one than that of China. 4. About the examination system for civil service, Doo-Jong Kim expressed that Shilla dynasty did not have such system, and only expounded knowledge of Shilla medicine, In case of China, Tang danasty Hyang-Kong was only a qualification test for civil service, which the result was completely dependent on applicants social status, Song danasty examination system was composed of three steps of Hyang-Si, Sung-Si, Jeon-Si (See Note1), but it stuck to formality by having Jeon-Si of anti-fraudulence use. On the other hand, examination system for civil service in Korea dynasty started in 958 by an advice of Ssang-Ki, Chin-Si in 977 and K대-Ja-Si (See Note 1), a kind of Hyang-Si, in 1024., Three steps of examination system made employment for civil service strictly fair, Moreover, it was possible for offsprings of concubine to be an applicant. These easily explain that the examination system of Korea dynasty was more upgraded one than that of China, Tang ＆ Song dynasty. Hyang-Si : Exam in local area Sung-Si : Exam in province for those who passed Hyang-Si Jeon-Si : Exam held with Koea Kings supervision for those who passed Hyang-Si Keo-Ja-Si : Selective exam in local area like Hyang-Si. From the reasons above, it is clear that Doo-Jong Kim was much biased by flunkeyism through Japanese colonialisam and expressed his view on Korea Medical History based on such theory of heteronomy and stasis. Moreover, without rigid historical evidence on records, he distored the fact by translating incorrectly on his purpose. Therefore, Doo-Jong Kims Korean Medical History must be reevaluated through rigid historical research and his mistranslation should be corrected.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.31-47
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examine the development of physical knowledge in children. Eighty children aged 3- to 11-year-old and 16 adults were participated in this study. Participants' knowledge about failing, sliding and sinking/floating objects was investigated to understand what kind of knowledge they had, whether their knowledge was organized as theory and what was the nature of the developmental change in physical knowledge. Results showed that, for falling object task children of all age had correct knowledge about object's falling phenomena. However, there were age differences in children's understanding of the cause of object's falling. As the children's age decreased, the frequency of explanation referring to the absence of supper rather than the gravity as the cause of falling phenomena increased. For the sliding object task, children of all age could predict the motion of sliding object correctly. But only a few 9- and 11-year-old children could understand the effect of object weight and relations between gravity, frictional force and their interactions. Children under age 7 showed no evidence of possessing these knowledge. For sinking or floating object task, children of all age and even adults showed difficulties in understanding the sinking or float phenomena per se. For the cause of these phenomena although a few 9- and 11-year-old children referred to buoyancy as the cause, they had no correct knowledge about the buoyancy. This was also true for the adults. As a conclusion, the results of this study suggested that, not 3, but as young as 5-year-old children's physical knowledge exited as a form of naive theory in terms of their use as a causal devise in explaining the cause of object motion. However, even the theory of 9- and 11-year-old children was lack of the abstractness and coherence, which were also important characteristics of a theory. Finally, developmental change in physical knowledge proceeded toward more frequent and consistent use of physical knowledge as causal device and more abstract and coherently organized theory.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.613-629
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• 1996

River terraces of glacial and interglacial periods are most developed in the Ungcheon River, midwestern coastal region of south Korea. Among these terraces, interglacial river terraces correspond to the thalassostatic terraces of eastern coastal region of Korea. Thus the former shoreline altitudes of the coastal region around Ungcheon River can be estimated by using relative heights of these interglacial thalassostatic terraces of Ungcheon River The former shoreline altitudes estimated from interglacial thalassostatic terraces of Ungcheon River are 80m, 50${\sim}$60m, 40${\sim}$45m, 30m, 25m(?), 15${\sim}$20m, and 10m. These estimates are almost identical with those of Quaternary sea levels of eastern coastal region. Among the above estimates of Ungcheon River, the former shoreline altituded of 15~20m and 10m correspond to the ancient sea levels of $\pm$18m and $\pm$10m of eastern coastal region which were injudged as the last interglacial culmination period and late warmer period of the last interglacia(5e and 5a substages of oxygen isotope stage), respectively. Therefore there is a possibility that the rest of the above former shoreline altitudes of the coastal region aroune Jngcheon River also correspond to those of eastern coastal region. On the basis of the above possibility it can be proposed that the eastern and western coastal region of Korean Peninsula have undergone tectonic uplift of equall amount since the middle Quaternary Period.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.41-50
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• 2006

It is generally regarded a design system in post-industrial society, which products designed by in-house designers or design consultancy are manufactured in factory and distributed in market for the consumer. Although it is treated an old design system in traditional society, the traces of vernacular design has been remaining in the state of adopted to the periodical needs in these days, also proving the attribute of design culture to constitute human's material environment as well as existing design systems. There were discovered various design artifacts in daily surroundings vary from the established design in several manners, user modifications or manufactures in everyday lives formalized them. It was approached a case study that analyze the changes of artifact configuration and designer/user context and creation process of the non-professional design artifacts, Creativity Template Theory and ACM(Artifact Context Model) have been utilized for the analysis model. From the analysis result, It assume that the everyday artifacts may be ordinary but extra-ordinary including particular ideas and identity represented by everyday designers or users. Beside these characteristics induce the potentiality that reflect on creative motives for the designers or a complementary artifact generator filling up with drawbacks in established design system. The everyday design domain, various explorations and alternatives are made, is seems to be another design practice domain dissimilar to the one in the industry-based design. Moreover it provides an more easily accessability for the approaching user-friendly design, user customization because they conduct the reliable modeling of consumer and end-user. Finally, based on the exploratory study regarding interpretation of context and configuration in the everyday artifacts, new approach for the design process and design education through more detailed cognitive modeling of everyday designers will be a further study.