• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the recent trend of the studies about obesity in medicine and to provide background for futher studies. Methods: All of the article were selected in "The Korean Journal of Obesity". Search were conducted through "http://kosso.or.kr" with the search word "obesity". Collected articles were classified into clinical study, experimental study, literary study, case report. Results: One hundred eighty four studies were included and analyzed in terms of study design, subject, intervention, period, obesity index and so on. The numbers of clinical studies, literary studies, experimental studies, case reports were respectively 143 (77.7%), 26 (14.1%), 2 (1.1%) and 7 (3.8%). In clinical studies, observational studies were 112 (78.3%) and intervention studies were 31 (21.7%). And most of sample sizes were more than 100 and less than 499. Body mass index, waist circumstance, body fat percent were major criteria of clinical study. Most of the subjects on obesity were about relation with another disease or experimental results and diagnosis. According to classification by the kinds of intervention, diet, exercise, drug, behavior were respectively 22, 18, 8, and 8. More than fourty percent of intervention studies were studied for 12 weeks. Conclusions: To improve the quality of Korean Medicine study for obesity, we need to recruiting big sample size and activate randomized clinical trial.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.44
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• pp.239-281
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• 2016

This article explores the fate of futurism not only by tracing the entire process from the birth and decline of Russian futurism in the early 20th century and the so-called "Korean futurism" in the early 21st century, but also by delving into how their characteristics were shaped. In the first chapter, we investigate four groups of Russian futurism - Ego-Futurism, Cubo-Futurism, Tsentrifuga, and the Mezzanine of poetry, which were born in the age of utopianism before the Revolution. In the opera Victory Over the Sun, which was the culmination of the Zaum project of Cubo-futurists, we can find the initial shortcomings at the levels of language (Kruchenykh), music (Matyushin) and decoration and costume design (Malevich). In the second chapter, we examine chronologically how the term 'futurism' appeared in Korean literature history. In Korea, the term 'futurism' was born following the naming and classification of critic Kwon Heok-Woong, not by the voluntary manifestation of experimental poets such as Hwang Byong-Seung, thus this specific situation provoked stormy polemics between critics for futurism and critics against futurism in the Korean literary world. These polemics on futurist poetics have led to considerations of the relation of criticism to poetry.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.125-139
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to distinguish 3 concepts(capacity, capability, and performance) for the motor activities of children with cerebral palsy(CP) and examinate relation between capacity(can do in a standardized environment), capability(can do in daily environment), and performance(does do in daily environment). Cross-sectional analysis with a assessment record of children with CP (n=40; 19males, 21 females; mean age 6y 6mo, SD 3y 8mo) was performed. Levels of severity according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS) included level1(13%), level2(10%), level3(43%), level 4(33%), and level 5(3%). Motor activities capacity was assessed by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). Capability and performance were assessed using 2 scales(functional skill, caregiver assistance) of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory(PEDI). Correlations between capacity and capability was 0.811(p < .05), and between capability and performance were high(r=0.711, p < .05). And the correlation between capacity and performance is the lowest(r=0.711, p < .05). Motor performance levels are only partly reflected by the motor capacity and motor capability levels in children with CP. Because performance is influenced by Contextual factors (particularly, social factors such as family function). This study suggests that it is necessary to distinguish and evaluate the capacity, capability, and performance in children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitations associated with chronic inflammatory response due to noxious particles or gases in the lung. Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among inflammation, oxidative stress, and airflow limitation severity in retired miners with COPD. Methods: The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP) as a biomarker for inflammation, degree of reactive oxygen metabolites(dROMs) and biological antioxidants potential(BAP) in plasma as biomarkers for oxidative stress were measured in 211 male subjects with COPD. Degree of airflow limitation severity as determined by spirometry was divided into three grades grouped according to the classification of the Global Initiatives for Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)(1, mild; 2, moderate; $3{\leq}$, severe or more) using a fixed ratio, post- bronchodilator $FEV_1/FVC$ < 0.7. Results: Mean levels of dROMs significantly increased in relation to airflow limitation severity(GOLD 1, 317.8 U.CARR vs. GOLD 2, 320.3 U.CARR vs. GOLD $3{\leq}$, 350.9 U.CARR, p=0.047) and dROMs levels were correlated with serum hsCRP levels(r=0.514, p<0.001). Mean levels of hsCRP were higher in current smokers(non-smoker, 1.47 mg/L vs. smoker, 2.34 mg/L, p=0.006), and tended to increase with degree of airflow limitation severity(p=0.071). Mean levels of BAP were lower in current smokers(non-smoker, $1873{\mu}mol/L$ vs. smoker, $1754{\mu}mol/L$, p=0.006). Conclusions: These results suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress are related to airflow limitation severity in retired miners with COPD, and there was a correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.658-667
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• 2021

Our study aimed to analyze and reinterpret, by an acoustic approach, the descriptions of the 18th century prosody and introduce the figurative pronunciation system, which is the International Phonetic Alphabet pioneer. Our methodology compares and analyzes grammars and documents on the transcription system and restructures the prosodic structure. It is certain that the 18th century grammarians widely accepted the prosody theories made by Arnauld & Lancelot of the seventeenth century. In particular, grammar scholars accepted the dichotomous classification of the accent structures as prosodic and oratorical accents. The prosodic accent has a relation to intonation, and the oratorical accent has as its key elements intonation and intensity. Regarding the temporal structure, the lengthening of the final syllable was observed systematically by grammarians of the 18th century. This time structure is similar to that of today. Therefore, we can conclude that the final elongation, an essential characteristic of the modern French accent, has already played an imbued role in 18th century prosody. Despite this, the 18th century grammarians did not assign it the status of accent, as it was a stereotype that matches accent with intonation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-115
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to improve the curriculum of the physical education by recognizing the necessity of new physical education to meet the needs of the sports industry. As a preliminary study for this, the subjects of physical education at American universities and those at regular domestic universities have been investigated. Then, the current state of operation of the physical education system of the credit bank system has been investigated. The first is the definition of the credit banking system, the investigation of accreditation of credits and the institutions of education and training. The Second is the investigation of the educational goals and qualifications of each major in the standard education curriculum and the current status of accredited credits. The third is the type and operation of institutions by degree in physical education, and the survey on current majors in progress. The fourth is the survey on the current status of operating institutions by region. The fifth is the classification of detailed subjects by major and the survey on the status of subjects by major. The last is the detailed subjects by major, and the analysis of the consistent or similar subjects in domestic and international sports industry subjects. Through the findings of this investigation, the following directions for improvement of the credit bank system curriculum have been suggested. Firstly, it is necessary to newly establish major courses tailored to social change. Secondly, it is necessary to develop mandatory and optional courses that meet the needs of the times. Thirdly, it is necessary to increase courses centered on field training that can meet the needs of the sports industry. Fourthly, in relation to the evaluation and recognition of the credit banking system, the conclusion have been derived that institutional improvement should be urgently performed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.502-508
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• 2021

Predicting the settlement of soft ground is an important aspect of soft ground design. In this study, a method is proposed that increases the reliability of settlement predictions based on-site investigation data, including piezocone penetration test results, at the Gimhae-Jinyoung district, adjacent area to the Nakdong River. Soils in the area waweres classified using the Robertson Chart (1986, 1990), and theoretical settlement was calculated using the equations proposed by Terzaghi (1925) and Sanglerat (1972). SPSS was used to obtain the correlation between theoretical and measured settlements. Results produced settlement prediction errors for the Terzaghi and Sanglerat methods of 17.28% and 26.96%, respectively. A correction factor calculated by SPSS correlation analysis for the relation between and theoretical and measured settlements is proposed that improves the reliability of settlement prediction in soils of the classification examined.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2022

This study aims to observe the swelling representative rocks in Korea and to suggest improvements in the use of test methods and prior analysis in relation to the weathering of rocks. The swelling test and analysis were performed on the drilling cores obtained for the ground investigation at the domestic highway construction site. For the method of determining the absorption expansion index of rocks, the method proposed in "Standard Methods for Sample Collection and Specimen Preparation" of ISRM and Korean Rock Engineers Standard Rock Test Method was used. The specimen for the measurement of the expansion displacement was cylindrical with a height of 10 cm and a diameter of 5 cm. The existing swelling analysis method evaluates the sensitivity to weathering by using the maximum expansion displacement, but since the classification by bedrock grade is unclear, it is reasonable to use the rate of change of the expansion displacement according to the immersion time. It is necessary to conduct an experiment to distinguish between weathering and fault deterioration. In addition, long-term weathering prediction technology for each cancer type is needed through the expansion displacement analysis of the chemical weathering stage.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.217-233
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• 2022

The remains found in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju are located in close proximity to the Ancient Tombs in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju (Historic Site) which were built between the late 5th and early 6th centuries, and these tombs are known to belong to the powerful rulers of that area. Using metallurgical techniques, this study was conducted on the iron objects obtained from the excavated remains in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju which are presumed to have a close relation to the nearby ruins that played an important role in the growth of Silla. To identify differences in manufacturing techniques based on the purpose of the iron objects, eight objects were selected after classifying them by use and the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions were investigated. The analyses results confirmed that the manufacturing process involved forging iron with a high or low carbon content to produce a particular shape, and that the carburization process was applied to iron post forging a shape to increase its strength when necessary. The mechanical properties were improved by selectively applying the steelmaking method and the heat treatment technique considering the functions of the parts, and the low temperature reduction was applied to the smelting process. Furthermore, in comparison with the iron objects excavated from the remains located in the center of Gyeongju and its outskirts, it is confirmed that there is similarity in the smelting and manufacturing techniques between these objects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.153-165
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• 2023

This study investigates learners' environmental literacy, classifies the results by factors of environmental literacy, and then investigates the differences in the students' environmental behavior practice experiences according to the classification by factor. The study was conducted with 47 6th grade students from D elementary school located in P metropolitan city as the subject of final analysis, and environmental literacy questionnaires and environmental behavior practice experience questionnaires were used as the main data. As a result of the study, the learners were classified into three groups according to the factors of environmental literacy, and they were respectively named as the "High environmental literacy group", "low environmental literacy group", and "Low Function and Affectif group". A Word network was formed using the descriptions of environmental behavior practice experiences for each cluster, and a Degree Centrality Analysis was performed to visualize and then analyze. As a result of the analysis, "High environmental literacy group" was confirmed, 1) recognized the subjects of environmental action practice as individuals and families, 2) described his experience of environmental action practice in relation to all elements of environmental literacy, and had a relatively pessimistic view. "low environmental literacy group", and "Low Function and Affectif group" were confirmed 1) perceive the subject of environmental behavior practice as a relatively social problem, 2) the description of the experience of environmental behavior practice is relatively biased specific factors, and the "Low Function and Affectif group" is particularly focused on the knowledge element. And 3) it was confirmed that they were aware of climate change from a relatively optimistic perspective. Based on this conclusion, suggestions were made from the perspective of environmental education.