• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.138-147
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• 2019

Purpose: Several studies have shown that the oral cavity is a secondary location for Helicobacter pylori colonization and that H. pylori is associated with the severity of periodontitis. This study investigated whether H. pylori had an effect on the periodontium. We established an invasion model of a standard strain of H. pylori in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs), and evaluated the effects of H. pylori on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Methods: Different concentrations of H. pylori were used to infect hPDLFs, with 6 hours of co-culture. The multiplicity of infection in the low- and high-concentration groups was 10:1 and 100:1, respectively. The Cell Counting Kit-8 method and Ki-67 immunofluorescence were used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blots were used to detect cell cycle progression. In the high-concentration group, the invasion of H. pylori was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: It was found that H. pylori invaded the fibroblasts, with cytoplasmic localization. Analyses of cell proliferation and flow cytometry showed that H. pylori inhibited the proliferation of periodontal fibroblasts by causing G2 phase arrest. The inhibition of proliferation and G2 phase arrest were more obvious in the high-concentration group. In the low-concentration group, the G2 phase regulatory factors cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cell division cycle 25C (Cdc25C) were upregulated, while cyclin B1 was inhibited. However, in the high-concentration group, cyclin B1 was upregulated and CDK1 was inhibited. Furthermore, the deactivated states of tyrosine phosphorylation of CDK1 (CDK1-Y15) and serine phosphorylation of Cdc25C (Cdc25C-S216) were upregulated after H. pylori infection. Conclusions: In our model, H. pylori inhibited the proliferation of hPDLFs and exerted an invasive effect, causing G2 phase arrest via the Cdc25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 signaling cascade. Its inhibitory effect on proliferation was stronger in the high-concentration group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.265-270
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• 2019

Growing evidence suggests that mediating apoptotic cell death of ER stress plays an important role in pathological development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. The ethanol extract of Rodiola sacra (ERS) investigates whether ER stress protects neuroinvasive neuro-2A cells from homocysteine (Hcy) cell death and ER stress. In neuronal cells, Hcy markedly decreased the viability of the cells and induced the death of Annexin V-positive cells as confirmed by MTT assay. The Hcy cell viability and apoptotic loss pretreated with ERS were attenuated, and Hcy showed stress in the expression of C / EBP homologous protein, 78-kDa glucose regulatory protein and the junction of X-box binding protein-1 (xbp1) mRNA. ESR decreased Hcy-induced mRNA binding, GRP78 and CHOP cells induced Hcy-induced ER stress and apoptosis, and Western blotting revealed expression of heme oxygenase-1 and HO-1 enzyme activity Inhibition is indicative of therapeutic value for neurodegenerative diseases such as decreased cell death by hemin.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2019

Inflammatory and oxidative stimuli play a critical role not only in the process of transforming normal cells into cancer cells, but also in the proliferation process of cancer cells. Sipyukmiryukieum (SYMRKU), a traditional Korean herb-combined remedy, is composed of 16 kinds of herbal medicines, which were recorded for "Ongjeo" treatment in "Dongeuibogam". In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of SYMRKU against inflammatory and oxidative responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results showed that SYMRKU significantly inhibited LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ without showing any significant cytotoxicity. Consistent with these results, SYMRKU down-regulated LPS-induced expression of their regulatory enzymes such as inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. SYMRKU also inhibited LPS-induced production and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. In addition, SYMRKU significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species by LPS and showed a strong, which was associated with induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression. Although further studies are needed to fully understand the anti-inflammatory effects associated with the antioxidant capacity of SYMRKU, the findings of the current study suggest that SYMRKU may have potential benefits by inhibiting the onset and/or treatment of inflammatory and/or oxidative diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.805-813
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• 2018

The research was conducted with the purpose of providing effective safety and quality control system for assistive products for handicapped those are used extensively. Assistive products couldn't be classified independently due to collision with the act of medical device and lack in legal basis. The issues about safety and quality have been solved by other legal frames on a case by case basis. We couldn't find any abroad case of independent safety and quality control policy. For the practical solution, this article suggested hybrid classification system mixed with existing policies. Each classified branches are allocated to the appropriate policy of safety and quality control so those are ease of understanding and prospect. And also a delicacy process was suggested not to leave off any assistive products. Through these suggests of the improvement it is expected that blind areas of safety and quality control for assistive products for handicapped could be solved and identity of assistive products could be established to provide product safety for handicapped and boost relevant industries.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 2019

The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.172-184
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• 2021

Objective: Vanin1 (VNN1) is a pantetheinase that can catalyze the hydrolysis of pantetheine to produce pantothenic acid and cysteamine. Our previous studies showed that VNN1 is specifically expressed in chicken liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor α (PPARα) and miRNA-181a-5p in regulating VNN1 gene expression in chicken liver. Methods: 5'-RACE was performed to identify the transcription start site of chicken VNN1. JASPAR and TFSEARCH were used to analyze the potential transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of chicken VNN1 and miRanda was used to search miRNA binding sites in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of chicken VNN1. We used a knock-down strategy to manipulate PPARα (or miRNA-181a-5p) expression levels in vitro to further investigate its effect on VNN1 gene transcription. Luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the specific regions of VNN1 targeted by PPARα and miRNA-181a-5p. Results: Sequence analysis of the VNN1 promoter region revealed several transcription factor-binding sites, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α), PPARα, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. GW7647 (a specific agonist of PPARα) increased the expression level of VNN1 mRNA in chicken primary hepatocytes, whereas knockdown of PPARα with siRNA increased VNN1 mRNA expression. Moreover, the predicted PPARα-binding site was confirmed to be necessary for PPARα regulation of VNN1 gene expression. In addition, the VNN1 3'UTR contains a sequence that is completely complementary to nucleotides 1 to 7 of miRNA-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p significantly decreased the expression level of VNN1 mRNA. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PPARα is an important transcriptional activator of VNN1 gene expression and that miRNA-181a-5p acts as a negative regulator of VNN1 expression in chicken hepatocytes.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for discovering functional materials through the anti-inflammatory efficacy screening of randomly selected medicinal herbs. We prepared 70% ethanol extracts from 10 herbs and evaluated for the inhibitory effect of NO production on LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line Raw 264.7. As a result, it was confirmed that the Chrysanthemi Zawadskii Herba (CZ) extract had the highest effect of inhibiting NO production induced by LPS. We therefore measured and compared NO inhibitory effects at different concentrations (10, 50, 250 ㎍/mL) of 70% ethanol and water extract of CZ. It was observed that both ethanol and water treatment groups inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner in both ethanol and water treatment groups. In particular, it was confirmed that the CZ 70% ethanol extract (99.97%) had a higher NO inhibitory effect than the water extract (93.32%) in the high concentration (250 ㎍/mL) treatment group. There was no effect of CZ extract on cell viability at all concentrations used in the experiment. Moreover, it was shown that CZ ethanol extract remarkably inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 induced by TNF-𝛼, and it was slightly decreased even by treatment with water extract. This study suggests that Chrysanthemi Zawadskii Herba has potential as a functional substance that regulates vascular inflammation.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.125-138
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• 2022

This study has examined the effect of cognitive resource on purchase intention of scarcity products according to the level of need for cognitive closure. In order to find out the effect on purchase intention for products that are presented a shopping environment is supposed, where various timing of consumer promotion reward exist, and where consumers can easily access and experience a lot of cognitive changes. the effect of how these two influences are adjusted according to the level of need for cognitive closure (NFCC). The study divide into two experiments. Research analyzes the behavioral differences of consumers for scarcity message products according to cognitive resource level with a moderating effect of NFCC. As a result of the study, Research according to the level of cognitive resource, when applied scarcity message product showed a negative effect of the cognitive resource (self-regulating resource) depletion level on the purchase intention of high-involvement product with scarcity message (Hypothesis 1). Consumers' purchase intention for limited products was higher at the non-depleted level than at the cognitive resource depletion level, and this difference was found statistically significant. Next, as a result of examining the difference according to the level of NFCC, the difference in the influence of cognitive resource level on purchase intention of scarcity products was found to be statistically significant where the NFCC was low (Hypothesis 2).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.3913-3923
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• 2023

Todays, medium energy resolution detectors are preferably used in radioisotope identification devices(RID) in nuclear and radioactive material categorization. However, there is still a need to develop or enhance « automated identifiers » for the useful RID algorithms. To decide whether any material is SNM or NORM, a key parameter is the better energy resolution of the detector. Although masking, shielding and gain shift/stabilization and other affecting parameters on site are also important for successful operations, the suitability of the RID algorithm is also a critical point to enhance the identification reliability while extracting the features from the spectral analysis. In this study, a RID algorithm based on Bayesian statistical method has been modified for medium energy resolution detectors and applied to the uranium gamma-ray spectra taken by a LaBr3:Ce detector. The present Bayesian RID algorithm covers up to 2000 keV energy range. It uses the peak centroids, the peak areas from the measured gamma-ray spectra. The extraction features are derived from the peak-based Bayesian classifiers to estimate a posterior probability for each isotope in the ANSI library. The program operations were tested under a MATLAB platform. The present peak based Bayesian RID algorithm was validated by using single isotopes(²⁴¹Am, ⁵⁷Co, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁵⁴Mn, ⁶⁰Co), and then applied to five standard nuclear materials(0.32-4.51% at.²³⁵U), as well as natural U- and Th-ores. The ID performance of the RID algorithm was quantified in terms of F-score for each isotope. The posterior probability is calculated to be 54.5-74.4% for ²³⁸U and 4.7-10.5% for ²³⁵U in EC-NRM171 uranium materials. For the case of the more complex gamma-ray spectra from CRMs, the total scoring (ST) method was preferred for its ID performance evaluation. It was shown that the present peak based Bayesian RID algorithm can be applied to identify ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U isotopes in LEU or natural U-Th samples if a medium energy resolution detector is was in the measurements.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-190
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• 2002

Counterfactual thinking refers to a mental simulation of "What might have been," a cognitive process of once-possible-but-unrealized alternatives to facts, Counterfactuals have been reported to produce intensive emotional experiences, specifically regret. The present research reviewed and tried to integrate the previous inconsistent findings in the view of functional value of counterfactuals. Social psychologists proposed that counterfactuals could be categorized into upward(thoughts of better alternatives) versus downward(thoughts of worse alternatives) and additive versus subtractive. Counterfactual processes are more likely to occur following negative or unexpected rather than positive expected outcome, consistent with the minimization-mobilization hypothesis. Downward counterfactuals serve affective functions(to make one feel better) through contrast effects. Upward counterfactuals serve preparative functions(to prepare and improve performance in the future similar tasks) through causal inferences. Also, upward counterfactuals have been demonstrated in several studies to be followed by success-related attitudes and intentions and actual performance improvement. Furthermore, in terms of regulatory focus, downward counterfactuals were related with the prevention focus(to maintain the current status and upward counterfactuals were related with the promotion focus(to improve the current status). Those findings from numerous studies support that counterfactuals are functional to serve human ongoing motives. In conclusion, applicability and limitation of functional value of counterfactual thinking were discussed.