• Health Policy and Management
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.100-124
• /
• 1997

In order to suggest the strategies for participation in the PPS(Prospective Payment System), analyses were performed based on variations in utilization pattern and changes in revenues of hospitals in 10 selected KDRGs. The data was collected from the claims data of a tertiary hospital in Kyunggido from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996. The studies consisted of 1, 718 inpatients diagnosed for lens procedures, tonsilectomy &/or adenoidectomy, appendectomy with complicated principal diagnosis, Cesarean section, or vaginal delivery without any complications. The resources used in each KDRG were measured including average length of stay, total charges, number of orders, intensity of medical services, frequencies of medical services, the rate of non-reimbursable charges, and the rate of non-reimbursable orders. Then, the changes in hopital revenues due to the composition of medical fee schedules under the PPS were estimated as follows: 1) The variations in average lenght of stay, total charges, number of orders, the intensity of medical services, the frequency of medical services, the rate of non-reimbursable charges, and the rate of non-reimbursable orders among the 10 KDRGs were comparatively small. 2) The average lenght of stay was the longest(6.0 days) for appendectomy with complicated principal diagnosis, while it was the shortest(2.1 days) for two vaginal deliveries. Statistically differences existed in the average length of stay among physicians and among the dates of admission in several KDRGs. 3) The total charges were the highest for lens procedures(1, 716, 000 won), while the lowest charges were for two vaginal deliveries(558, 000 won). Statistically differences in the total charges were found among physicians in several KDRGs: however, there were no differences with the dates of admission. 4) The number of orders was the greatest(155) for appendectomy with complicated principal diagnosis, while it was the smallest(75) for the two vaginal deliveries. Statistical differences in the number of orders did not exist among physicians in the KDRGs. 5) Significant differences were found in the intensity of medical services, and in the frequency of medical services among physicians in the KDRGs. 6) The rate of non-reimbursable charges for each KDRG was not related to the rate of non-reimbursable orders. The rate of non-reimbursable orders was the highest(36.0%) for lens procedures, while the lowest rate(11.6%) was for appendectomy with complicated principal diagnosis. The rate of non-reimbursable charges was the highest(39.4-39.7%) for vaginal deliveries, while the lowest rate(13.1%) was for tonsillectomy &/or adenoidectomy(<17 ages). 7) If the physician's practicing style were not change under the PPS, the hospital revenuses could be increased by 10%, and the portion of patient payment could be decreased by 1.4-22.4%. However, the non-reimbursable charges for showed little change between two reimbursement systems. Based upon the above findings, this hospital could be eligible for participation in the PPS(Prospective Payment Systm). However, the process of diagnosis and treatment should be standardized, inentifying methods to reduce cost and to assure quality of medical care. Furthermore, consideration should be given to finding ways to increase patient volume.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.230-234
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study presents radiographic and laboratory analysis and comparison of bone resorption rate of grafted endochondral bone and intramembranous bone on the aspect of height and volumetric change. Patients and Methods: 18 partially edentulous patients who needed alveolar ridge augmentation for implant placement during the years 2002 to 2004 were selected for this study. Group A consisted of 5 males & 3 females who were treated with intraoral(intramembranous) bone and Group B consisted of 8 males & 2 females who were treated with iliac(endochondral) bone. Non-standard periapical X-ray was taken at day 1, 2 month, 4 months, 8 months after the surgery. Resorption rate of grafted bone were measured on these X-rays and compared. Also we calculated volume of grafted bone with models which was fabricated at 1.5 months, 6 months. Results: There was bone resorption in both groups. Group B showed more bone resorption than Group A. In Group A, the resorption rate according to the radiographic measurements was 9.81 %, and resorption rate according to volumetric measurement was 16.5 %. In group B, the resorption rate according to the radiographic measurements was 15.9 %, and resorption rate according to volumetric measurement was 30.6 %. Significant difference is on radiographic resorption of post-op 2, 4, 8 months on two groups (P < 0.05). Also significant difference is on volume resorption on two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We found that more bone resorption occurred with iliac(endochondral) bone and when we use intraoral bone, that bone can maintain their vitality for alveolar ridge augmentation.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2017

This study was performed to estimate bubble dissolution rate by change of hydraulic pressure according to increase of water depth. Experimental results showed that airflow rate was decreased by increase of hydraulic pressure. Because the force which acts on outlet of nozzle was increased by increase of hydraulic pressure. Mass-transfer coefficient decreased with decreasing airflow rate and increasing effective volume due to increase of hydraulic pressure as water depth increased. On the contrary, as the water depth increased, the bubble dissolution rate was increased because longer residence time of microbubble which was generated by ejector type microbubble generator. However it was thought that if water depth for capacity of ejector type microbubble generator is excessively increasing, bubble dissolution rate would be reduced due to low airflow rate and mass-transfer coefficient. Therefore, it is importance to consider the water depth when operating ejector type microbubble generator.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.117-130
• /
• 2007

Incheon International Airport has handled 3,054,485 transfer passengers (11.9% transfer rate) and 950,441 transfer cargo(44.2% transfer rate)recorded in 2005. Comparing to 30-40% transfer passenger rate which are competition hub airports in northeast Asia, transfer passenger rate of Incheon International Airport is lower. Above all, We think that Minimum Connecting Time(MCT) which is relating factors with transfer rate need to be monitored to make up for the weak points in the current Incheon internationalairport system. Minimum Connecting Time is defined the legally minimum time necessary to change planes at a given airport. and Transfers represent 35% of the total passenger volume at Vienna International Airport in Europe, which underscores our function as a major international hub. Vienna is rated priority in reservation systems because of our excellent minimum connecting time, and that increases the sale of tickets through our airport. In 2004 the total number of transfer passengers rose 18% to 5,089,624. Short routes, a one roof concept and an outstanding logistics system make Vienna an ideal airport for transfers. This transfer-friendly one roof concept will also form the basis for the new VlE-Skylink Terminal. In case of Japan, Star Alliance has also implemented its so called "Move under one roof"concept at the new Centrair airport. All member carriers are located in the same part of the termina1, sharing check-in counters and ticketing facilities. Star Alliance member carriers can now offer customersa reduced average minimum connecting time of one hour, for transfers between international and domestic. The research purpose of the Study on the Enhancement for Minimum Connecting Time of Incheon International Airport is to increase transfer rate of passenger and cargo of Incheon International Airport at Northeast Asia through this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate which treadmill walking training mode is more effective strategy for improving pulmonary function of persons with chronic stroke. METHODS: Twenty-one chronic stroke patients were allocated and randomly to an experimental group (treadmill training with randomized speed control, n=11) and a control group (treadmill training without speed change, n=10). All participants received 30 minutes of neurodevelopmental treatment. In addition, the two groups performed treadmill training for 20 minutes each time with or without speed change. Speed change was applied 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% of Heart Rate Reserve. All the exercise programs lasted six weeks, with five times per week. Pulmonary function was assessed before and after exercise program by using forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV). RESULTS: In the both groups, FEV1 was significantly increased after training (p<.05). Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed 11.9% larger amount of change (p<.05). In the experimental group, FVC and MVV were significantly increased after training (9.9%, 7.6%, respectively) (p<.05). But in the control group, there was no significant difference in the FVC and MVV after training. CONCLUSION: Treadmill training with randomized speed control will be a better positive rehabilitation program than treadmill training without speed change to improve pulmonary function in persons with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• 제32권
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the difference between the MLC log file-based software (Mobius) and the conventional phantom-ionization chamber (ArcCheck) dose verification method according to the change of target volume. Material and method: Radius 0.25cm, 0.5cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm with a Sphere-shaped target Twelve plans were created and dose verification using Mobius and ArcCheck was conducted three times each. The irradiated data were compared and analyzed using the point dose error value and the gamma passing rate (3%/3mm) as evaluation indicators. Result: Mobius point dose error values were -9.87% at a radius of 0.25cm and -4.39% at 0.5cm, and the error value was within 3% at the remaining target volume. The gamma passing rate was 95% at a radius of 9cm and 93.9% at 10cm, and a passing rate of more than 95% was shown in the remaining target volume. In ArcCheck, the average error value of the point dose was about 2% in all target volumes. The gamma passing rate also showed a pass rate of 98% or more in all target volumes. Conclusion: For small targets with a radius of 0.5cm or less or a large target with a radius of 9cm or more, considering the uncertainty of DQA based on MLC log files, phantom-ionized DQA is used in complementary ways to include point dose, gamma index, DVH, and target coverage. It is believed that it is desirable to verify the dose delivery through a comprehensive analysis.

• Journal of Platform Technology
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2023

This research is one of a series of studies to develop a system to help agricultural producers and sellers determine when and how much to ship products to the wholesale market to maximize their profit. The purpose of this research is to incorporate the time-varying quality change effect, which was not used in the previous agricultural and marine product shipping model. The researchers developed four models to measure the quality change effect: quality declining steadily over time, quality declining rapidly at first and then slowly, quality declining first slowly and then rapidly, and quality rising over time and then decreasing again. According to the results of an empirical analysis of the effect of each model's quality change effect on shipments for apples traded in the Garak Wholesale Market from 2014 to 2021, statistical significance was found in the quality change effect of all four models. And there was no significant difference in explanatory power between the four models. Therefore, any of the four models should be introduced into the decision-making system for shipping time for apples.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2014

Timber harvest in natural forests and its implications on carbon sequestration were investigated in the Southwestern Nigeria. Data on timber harvest from forest estates for a 3-year period were collected from the official record of States' Forestry Department. The data registered the species, volume and number of timbers exploited during the study period. The data were analyzed accordingly for rate of timber harvest and carbon value of the exploited timbers using existing biomass functions. Values were compared for significant differences among states using one way analysis of variance. The results showed that the most exploited logs, in terms of volume and number of trees, have the highest amount of carbon removal. There was a variation in type of timber species being exploited from each state. The total number of harvested trees from Oyo, Ondo, Ogun, Ekiti and Osun were estimated at 100,205; 111,789; 753; 15,884 and 18,153 respectively. Total quantity of carbon removed for the 3-year period stood at 2.3 million metric tons, and this translated to 8.4 million metric tons of $CO_2$. The annual carbon and $CO_2$ removal therefore were estimated at 760,120.73 tons and 2.8 million tons/ year respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the amount of $CO_2$ removed from the five states. Based on our result, we inferred that there is increasing pressure on economic tree species and it is plausible that they are becoming scarce from the forests in Southwestern Nigeria.. If the present rate of log removal is not controlled, forests could become carbon source rather than carbon sink and the on biological conservation, wood availability and climate change may turn out grave. For the forest to perform its environmental role as carbon sink, urgent conservation measures and logging policies are needed to be put in place.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2005

The objective was to use MR imaging to provide a template of posterior fossa development during the late stages in the chick embryos. The MR findings were then correlated with histological data. Fourteen normal formalin-fixed embryonic specimens with a gestational age of 14 to 20 days were examined with 1.5 Tesla unit MRl using a conventional clinical magnet and pulse sequences. The MR findings were correlated with the whole-mount histological specimens. Resolution of the morphological features of posterior fossa development in embryos greater than 14 days gestational age was possible. Development of cerebellum, brain stem, 4th ventricle and bony posterior fossa was documented. In the 14-day-old embryos, a premordial cerebellum was visualized in the enlarged bony posterior fossa, and it covered the the roof of the primitive fourth ventricle. The bony posterior fossa grows at the same rate along the supratentorial skull. The supratentorial skull and the rostral part of the brain grows at the same rate. The cerebellum begins to grow later than the rostral part of the brain. In the 19- to 20-day-old embryos, MRl revealed the rapid development of the cerebellar hemispheres, along with an increase in volume manifested by the more typical mushroom-shaped configuration observed in the newly hatched. At this stage, the cerebellum almost completely filled the posterior fossa and covered the entire fourth ventricle. The brain stem grew steadily, but the volume change was too subtle to evaluate. Features of cerebellar histogeneis were beyond the resolution of MRl. However, there were lots of artifacts in the features of the bony posterior fossa. An MR template of normal posterior fossa development would be useful to avoid confusion of normal development with abnormal development and to identify the expected developmental features when provided the estimated gestational age of a embryo.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.701-710
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the effect of low purity methanol (LPM) on performance and smoke emission characteristics by using a four-cycle, four-cylinder, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine with EGR system. The experiments are performed by the change of engine load in the engine load ranges of 25 to 100% with an interval of 25% under the constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. The LPM in the fuel blends contained 24.88% water by volume. The blended fuel ratios of diesel oil to LPM are maintained at 100/0, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15% on the volume basis. In this paper, EGR rates are varied in three conditions of 0, 12.8 and 16.5%. The result shows that the brake power of a blended fuel with 15% LPM is reduced more 11.1% than that of the neat diesel oil at the full load with the EGR rate of 16.5%. At this condition, also, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is increased by 3.2%, the exhaust gas temperature is decreased by 10.7%, the smoke opacity is decreased by 18.7% and the brake thermal efficiency is increased by 7.3%. The sharp reduction of smoke opacity for a blended fuel with the LPM content of 15% at the full load without EGR system is observed by 68.4% compared with that of the neat diesel oil due to the high oxygen content of LPM.