Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

Institute of Forest Science, kangwon National University (강원대학교 산림과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of Timber Harvest in Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem of South West Nigeria and Its Implication on Carbon Sequestration

  • Adekunle, Victor A. (Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology) ;
  • Lawal, Amadu (Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology) ;
  • Olagoke, Adewole O. (Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology)
  • Received : 2012.12.03
  • Accepted : 2013.11.25
  • Published : 2014.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Timber harvest in natural forests and its implications on carbon sequestration were investigated in the Southwestern Nigeria. Data on timber harvest from forest estates for a 3-year period were collected from the official record of States' Forestry Department. The data registered the species, volume and number of timbers exploited during the study period. The data were analyzed accordingly for rate of timber harvest and carbon value of the exploited timbers using existing biomass functions. Values were compared for significant differences among states using one way analysis of variance. The results showed that the most exploited logs, in terms of volume and number of trees, have the highest amount of carbon removal. There was a variation in type of timber species being exploited from each state. The total number of harvested trees from Oyo, Ondo, Ogun, Ekiti and Osun were estimated at 100,205; 111,789; 753; 15,884 and 18,153 respectively. Total quantity of carbon removed for the 3-year period stood at 2.3 million metric tons, and this translated to 8.4 million metric tons of $CO_2$. The annual carbon and $CO_2$ removal therefore were estimated at 760,120.73 tons and 2.8 million tons/ year respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the amount of $CO_2$ removed from the five states. Based on our result, we inferred that there is increasing pressure on economic tree species and it is plausible that they are becoming scarce from the forests in Southwestern Nigeria.. If the present rate of log removal is not controlled, forests could become carbon source rather than carbon sink and the on biological conservation, wood availability and climate change may turn out grave. For the forest to perform its environmental role as carbon sink, urgent conservation measures and logging policies are needed to be put in place.

Keywords

References

  1. Aboala JR, Arevalob JR, Fernandez A. 2005. Allometric relationships of different tree species and stand above ground biomass in the Gomera laurel forest (Canary Islands). Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 200: 264-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2004.11.001
  2. Abubaka HT. 2010. Many Species One Planet One Future. A Keynote Address. In: Ofoezie IE, Awotoye OO, Adewole MB (eds), Proceeding of the 3rd Annual Conference of the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, OAU, Ile Ife, Nigeria. June 15th-17th, 2010.
  3. Achard F, Eva HD, Mayaux P, Stibig HJ, Belward A. 2004. Improved estimates of net carbon emissions from land cover change in the tropics for the 1990s. Global Biogeochemical Cy 18: GB2008.
  4. Adekunle VAJ, Ige PO. 2006. Logging and Logging Residues of some Selected Economic Tropical Hardwood Timber Species in Free Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. Appl Trop Agr 11: 81-92.
  5. Adekunlea VAJ, Olagokea AO. 2010. The impacts of timber harvesting on residual trees and seedlings in a tropical rain forest ecosystem, southwestern Nigeria. Int J of Biod Sci, Ecosyst Serv Manag 6: 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2010.534976
  6. Adesodun JK, Adeyemi EF, Oyegoke CO. 2007. Distribution of nutrient elements within water-stable aggregates of two tropical agro-ecological soils under different land uses. Soil Till Res 92: 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.03.003
  7. Auer MR, Ingram D, Farley C. 2003. Towards an Improved Understanding of Illegal Logging and Associated Trade, U.S. Forest Service, International Programs (Washington, DC, May 30, 2003).
  8. Birdsey RA. 1996. Carbon storage for major forest types and regions in the coterminous United States. In: Forests and global change Vol. 2 Forest management opportunities for mitigating carbon emissions (Sampson RN, ed). American Forests, Washington, DC, pp 1-25.
  9. Bond I, Grieg-Gran M, Wertz-Kanounnikoff S, Hazlewood P, Wunder S, Angelsen A. 2009. Incentives to sustain forest ecosystem services: A review and lessons for REDD. Natural Resource Issues No. 16. International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK, with CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia, and World Resources Institute, Washington D.C., USA, pp 62.
  10. Broadbent EN, Asner GP, Keller M, Knapp DE, Oliveira PJC, Silvad JN. 2008. Forest fragmentation and edge effects from deforestation and selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon. Biol Cons 141: 1745-1757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.024
  11. Brown S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests: a Primer. FAO Forestry Paper 134.
  12. Brown S. 2002. Measuring carbon in forests: current status and future challenges. Environ Pollut 116: 363-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00212-3
  13. Canadell JG, Le Quere C, Raupach MR, Field CB, Buitenhuis ET, Ciais P, Conway TJ, Gillett NP, Houghton RA, Marland G. 2007. Contributions to accelerating atmospheric $CO_2$ growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 18866-18870. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702737104
  14. Contreras-Hermosilla A. 2003. Forest Law Enforcement: An Overview, World Bank Discussion Paper (Washington, DC: June 19, 2003).
  15. Dahal N. 2008. Answering Basic Questions on Climate Change in Nepal. NGO Group Bulletin on Climate Change Research and Development, Issue 2 August 2008, Published by the Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, research and Development (LIBIRD) in association with NGO group on Climate Change - Nepal and PROLINNOVA Nepal Programme.
  16. Dinwoodie JM. 1981. Timber its nature and behaviour. Van Nosttrand Reinhold Company Ltd., Molly Millars Lane, Wokingham, Berkshire, England, pp 190.
  17. Drake JB, Knox RG, Dubayah RO, Clark DB, Condit R, Blair JB, Hofton M. 2003. Above-ground biomass estimation in closed canopy Neotropical forests using lidar remote sensing: factors affecting the generality of relationships. Global Ecol Biogeogr 12: 147-159. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00010.x
  18. Fearnside PM. Wood density for estimating forest biomass in Brazilian Amazonia. Forest Ecol Manag 90: 59-87.
  19. Fuwape JA. 2001. Forest resources and economic development in Ondo State Economic summit, 2 - 5th April, 2001, pp 1-15.
  20. Gullison RE, Frumhoff PC, Canadell JG, Field CB, Nepstad DC, Hayhoe K, Avissar R, Curran LM, Friedlingstein P, Jones CD, Nobre C. 2007. Tropical Forests and Climate Policy. Science 316: 985-986. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136163
  21. Hiratsuka M, Toma T, Yamada M, Heriansyah I, Morikawa Y. 2004. A general allometric equation for estimating biomass in Acacia mangium plantations. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Tropical Forests and Climate Change : TFCC 2003 : carbon sequestration and clean development mechanism : 21-22 October 2003, Traders Hotel, Roxas Blvd., Manila, Philippines (University of the Philippines at Los Banos. College of Forestry and Natural Resources, eds). University of the Philippines Los Banos, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Manila, Philippines, pp 212-218.
  22. Hiratsuka M, Toma T, Diana R, Hadriyanto D, Morikawa Y. 2006. Biomass Recovery of Naturally Regenerated Vegetation after the 1998 Forest Fire in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. JARQ 40: 277-282. https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.40.277
  23. Houghton RA. 2003. Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850-2000. Tellus B 55: 378-390. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.01450.x
  24. Huq S, Reid H, Murray L. 2003. Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Working Paper 1: Country-by-Country Vulnerability to Climate Change, International Institute for Environment and Development, 42p London. http://www.iied.org/climate_change/pubs.html April 2003.
  25. IISD 2009. A Summary of the Third International Workshop on Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change Bulletin Online at HTTP://WWW.IISD.CA/YMB/SDCAB/ Volume 135, No. 2, Friday, 27 Feb 2009 pp 13.
  26. Imeht N, Adebobola N. 2001. The effects of poverty in conservation of Biodiversity: The Nigeria Experience. http://www.scienceinafrica.co.20
  27. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme (Eggleston HS, Buendia L, Miwa K, Ngara T, Tanabe K, eds). Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan.
  28. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2001. Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, New York.
  29. Kraenzel M, Castillo A, Moore T, Potvin C. 2003. Carbon storage of harvest-age teak (Tectona grandis) plantations, Panama. Forest Ecol Manag 173: 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00002-6
  30. Laclau P. 2003. Biomass and carbon sequestration of ponderosa pine plantations and native cypress forests in northwest Patagonia. For Ecol Manage 180: 317-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00580-7
  31. Losia CJ, Siccama TG, Condit R, Morales JE. 2003. Analysis of alternative methods for estimating carbon stock in young tropical plantations. For Ecol Manage 184: 355-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00160-9
  32. Macdicken KG. 1997. Project specific monitoring and verification: State of the art and challenges. Mitigat Adapt Strategies Global Change 2: 27-38.
  33. Meyfroidt P, Lambin EF. 2008. Forest transition in Vietnam and its environmental impacts. Glob Change Biol 14:1-8.
  34. Montagu KD, Duttmer K, Barton CVM, Cowie AL. 2005. Developing general allometric relationships for regional estimates of carbon sequestration-an example using Eucalyptus pilularis from seven contrasting sites. For Ecol Manage 204: 115-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.003
  35. Montes N, Gauquelin T, Badrib W, Bertaudiere V, Zaouic EH. 2000. A non-destructive method for estimating above-ground forest biomass in threatened woodlands. For Ecol Manage 130: 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00188-7
  36. NIACS (Northern Institute of Applied Carbon Science) 2008. Estimating Carbon Mass in Northern Forests. NIACS Briefing (Janowiak MK - Briefing contributor), 410 MacInnes Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, pp 3.
  37. NCP (Nigerian Standard Code of Practice) (1973). Nigerian Standard Code of Practice. Times press Apapa, Nigeria, pp 71.
  38. NPC (National Population Commission) 1991. Report of the country's population census, Abuja, Nigeria.
  39. Oyebo MA. 2006. History of forest management in Nigeria from 19th century to date. In: Imperatives of space technology for sustainable forest management in Nigeria: [proceedings of an international stakeholders' workshop sponsored by National Space Research and Development Agency (NARSDA), Abuja] (Salami AT, Geoformin, eds) Space Applications & Environmental Science Laboratory, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, pp 1-14.
  40. Penman J. 2003. Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group-National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Program.
  41. Petsri S, Pumijumnong N, Wachrinrat C, Thoranisorn S. 2007. Aboveground carbon content in mixed deciduous forest and teak plantations. Environ Nat Res Journal 5: 1-10.
  42. Phat NK, Knorr W, Kim S. 2004. Appropriate measures for conservation of terrestrial carbon stocks-Analysis of trends of forest management in Southeast Asia. For Ecol Manage 191: 283-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.019
  43. Potter CS. 1999. Terrestrial biomass and the effects of deforestation on the global carbon cycle results from a model of primary production using satellite observations. Bioscience 49: 769-778. https://doi.org/10.2307/1313568
  44. Ranasingbe DM, Abayasiri S. 2008. Forestry Education and Global change: a case study on the contribution of forest plantations in Sri Lanka as an adaptation measure to climate. In: New perspectives in forestry education (Temu AB, African Network for Agroforestry Education, et al, eds). Peer review papers presented at the 1st Global Workshop on forestry education, Sept 2007. ANAFE, Nairobi, pp 353-360.
  45. Samalca IK, Gier A, Hussin YA. 2007. Estimation of tropical forest biomass for assessment of carbon sequestration using regression models and remote sensing in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Department of Natural Resources, The International Institute for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Hengelosstraat 99, 7500 AA, Enschede, Netherlands, 6p.
  46. Sasaki N, Putz FE. 2009. Critical need for new definitions of "forest" and "forest degradation" in global climate change agreements. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00067.x, Published online on 20 Jul 2009, pp15.
  47. Schwenk WS, Donovan TM, Keeton WS, Nunery JS. 2012. Carbon storage, timber production, and biodiversity: comparing ecosystem services with multi-criteria decision analysis. Ecol Appl 22: 1612-1627. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0864.1
  48. Slik JWF, Paoli G, McGuire K, Amaral I, Barroso J, Bastian M, Blanc L, Bongers F, Boundja P, Clark C, Collins M, Dauby G, Ding Y, Doucet J-L, Eler E, Ferreira L, Forshed O, Fredriksson G, Gillet J-F, Harris D, Leal M, Laumonier Y, Malhi Y, Mansor A, Martin E, Miyamoto K, Araujo-Murakami A, Nagamasu H, Nilus R, Nurtjahya E, Oliveira A, Onrizal O, Parada-Gutierrez A, Permana A, Poorter L, Poulsen J, Ramirez-Angulo H, Reitsma J, Rovero F, Rozak A, Sheil D, Silva-Espejo J, Silveira M, Spironelo W, ter Steege H, Stevart T, Navarro-Aguilar GE, Sunderland T, Suzuki E, Tang J, Theilade I, van der Heijden G, van Valkenburg J, Van Do T, Vilanova E, Vos V, Wich S, Woll H, Yoneda T, Zang R, Zhang M-G, and Zweifel N. 2013. Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests across the tropics. Global Ecology and Biogeography 22: 1261-1271. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12092
  49. Wheeler T, von Braun J. 2013. Climate Change Impacts on Global Food Security. Science 341: 508-513. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1239402