• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

Using 2004 Household Income & Expenditure Survey, this study investigated difference in consumption pattern among the households with the different number of children, and estimated the monetary cost of rearing children. The findings were as following. First, the major consumption categories for raising children included the expenditures for education, food materials, utility, health, and communication. Second, the potential consumption needs for clothing & foot ware and culture & entertainment were not fully satisfied for the households with children compared to the households without children. Third, in the households with one child, the level of consumption was about two thirds of that in the households without children. It was slightly above half in the households with two children. Lower consumption level of the households with children was mainly due to the burden of the educational expenditure. Forth, the average monthly cost of raising children was estimated by 680 thousands Won for one child, and 104 thousand Won for two children. Lastly, the implications for the fertility policy and the methods for the estimation of the child cost were suggested based on the results.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2009

Recently, an interest in mobile games is increasing according to the extension of the high speed network infra and the development of mobile devices. In the paper, we propose a mobile Stouku game which trains a brain. The proposed game is user-oriented play style that the game users can raise their characters theirselves. It gives users a sense of achievement and can also help improve intelligence by becoming familiar with a numeral. The game raises an awareness and immersion by adding various events and lowering the degree of difficulty more than previews games. In the paper, we demonstrate the proposed Sudoku game in the mobile device and present the result.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 2012

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced tremendous economic and industrial growth in the petroleum, airline, maritime and construction sectors, especially since the discovery of oil reserves. Mass recruitment of low skilled or unskilled laborers from less-developed countries has been utilized to satisfy the manpower demands of these fast paced industrial developments. Such workforce recruitment has created an unusual populace demographic, with the total UAE population estimated at 8.3 million, composed of 950,000 Emiratis, with the remainder being multinational expatriate workers, with varying educational qualifications, work experience, religious beliefs, cultural practices, and native languages. These unique characteristics pose a challenge for health and safety professionals tasked with ensuring the UAE workforce adheres to specific occupational health and safety procedures. The paper discusses two case studies that employ a novel multimedia approach to raising health and safety awareness among a multinational workforce.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

Polarography is a subclass of voltammetry where the working electrode is a dropping mercury electrode. More, I developed the experiment for raising up mercury electrode. In Voltammetry, information about an analyte is obtained by measuring the current as the potential is varied at oxidation-reduction reaction. A plot of current vs. potential in a polarography experiment shows the current oscillations correspoding to the drops of Hg falling from the capillary. The drops growth causes capacitive and faradic current. These changing current effects combined with experiments where the potential is continuously changed can result in noisy traces. The raising up type improved upon the method of dropping in hardware. In reduction of the noise, moving average smoothing method have been used. But the other procedure is introduced based on Fourier transformation. So FFT and IFFT engine was implemented and installed in my experiment. However, after experimentation, peak height as the measuring parameter gave a good linear relationship to concentration. The resolution of potential peaks of various kinds, using Zn and Cu as the example, was improved using the smoothing method.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1977

The action of pilocarpine on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity in the rabbit red cell membrane has been investigated and the experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of pilocarpine on the ATPase activity. The following results were observed. 1. The activity of the NaK ATPase from red cell membrane is stimulated by pilocarpine, and the concentration of pilocarpine for maximal activity is about 3 mM. The pH optimum for the pilocarpine sensitive component is 8.0. 2. The activating effect of pilocarpine on the ATPase, with a given concentration of sodium .in the medium, is increased by raising the potassium concentration but activity ratio is decreased 3. The activating effect of pilocarpine on the ATPase, with a given concentration of Potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration but activity ratio is decreased 4. The NaK ATPase activity is increased by small amounts of calcium but decreased by 'larger amounts. The activity ratio of the enzyme by pilocarpine is decreased by small amounts .of calcium but decreased by larger amounts. 5. The activating effect of pilocarpine on the ATPase was not related to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine, the hydroxyl group of threonine or the imidazole group of histidine. 6. The activating effect of pilocarpine on the ATPase is due to amino group and carboxyl group of the enzyme of NaK ATPase

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1977

Action of anthraquinone on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity in the rabbit red cell membrane has been investigated and the experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of anthraquinone on the ATPase activity. The following results were obtained 1. The activity of the NaK ATPase from red cell membrane is inhibited by anthraquinone and the concentration of anthraquinone for maximal inhibition is about 5mM. 2. The ratio of inhibition of NaK ATPase by anthraquinone, with a giving concentration of sodium in the medium, is increased by raising the potassium concentration. 3. The ratio of inhibition of NaK ATPase by anthraquinone, with a given concentration of potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration. 4. The action of anthraquinone on the NaK ATPase activity is inhibited by calcium ions and the ratio of inhibition is increased by small amounts of calcium but almost constant by larger amounts. 5. The inhibitory action of anthraquinone on the NaK ATPase activity was not related to the amino group of lysine, the hydroxyl group of threonine or the imidazole group of histidine. 6. The inhibitory action of anthraquinone on the ATPase activity is due to sulfhydryl group or the carboxyl group of the enzyme of NaK ATPase.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.409-419
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of foot reflexology on sleep, depression and skin temperature of the female elderly at home. Methods: This research used the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 45 elders residing at home: 23 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. The experimental group received 30-minute foot reflexology 8 times for 2 weeks. The results were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The results showed that foot reflexology was significantly effective in improving the quality of sleep, reducing depression, and raising the temperature of both feet. However, the temperature of both palms was not statistically significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that foot reflexology is an effective nursing intervention in improving the quality of sleep, reducing depression, and raising the temperature of both feet. Therefore, it is recommended to use foot reflexology as a complementary nursing intervention for elderly women at home in community.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.11 s.213
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• pp.165-183
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• 2005

Total fertility rate in South Korea is the lowest in the world. A fertility rate below replacement fertility level will result in serious social problems in the long term. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study a general understanding about the low fertility rate phenomenon and to investigate the effectiveness of fertility policies in order to ameliorate the resulting social problems due to the low fertility rate. This research was a descriptive examination into the low fertility rate phenomenon and an investigation of the needs for fertility potties and their effectiveness. The study subjects were consisted of 769 unmarried people aged from 18 to 40 years old. Data were collected from June to August 2004 and were analyzed by frequencies, mean, and standard deviation. The following results were revealed. First, unmarried people in general had positive perspectives about getting marriaged, giving birth, and being a parent. In addition, the primary cause of low fertility rate was economical difficulties for raising a child. Third, unmarried people thought that the low fertility rate phenomenon resoled in both positive and negative changes in a society. Fourth, policies for economical supports for raising children, establishing social atmosphere for gender equality, and trustful public educational systems were the political alternatives that people really wanted for having a child in the future. Effective alternatives for policies and strategies to address the low fertility rate problems are suggested in the discussion section.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.2102-2106
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• 2020

Background: Static hamstring stretching exercises have been widely used to improve flexibility of the hamstring muscles. However, few studies have examined the influence of standing static hamstring stretching (e.g., jack-knife stretching) on movements of the lumbopelvic-hip complex. Objectives: To examine the short-term effects of jack-knife stretching on movements of the lumbopelvic-hip complex. Design: Case series. Methods: Fourteen participants with hamstring tightness (8 male, 6 female) were recruited. Participants performed jack-knife stretching for 150 s. Before and after stretching, participants performed the finger-to-floor distance (FFD), sit and reach (SRT), active knee extension (AKE), passive straight leg raising (PSLA), and active straight leg raising (ASLR) tests as well as pelvic tilt while standing to identify the effects of stretching. Results: There were significant improvements in the FFD, SRT, AKE, PSLA, and ASLR tests after stretching. However, pelvic tilt angle while standing did not significantly change. Conclusion: Jack-knife stretching can be a useful exercise to improve flexibility of the hamstring muscles, but not pelvic alignment while standing.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.707-719
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• 2009

A lot of different opinions have intensified the debate on environmental destruction during the pre- and post- conquest. Some respect Indian's way of living in harmony with nature, while others blame Indians for altering the environment. Also, some argue that Europeans' cattle raising resulted in highly modified ecosystem, whereas others believe that the ecosystem was not much affected by cattle raising due to their transhumance. This kind of argument shows us the point we need to consider as trying ecological restoration. If we want to find an ideal target for ecological restoration, if we like to figure out the time when human being and nature were really in harmony, advanced paleoenvironmental studies are necessary.