• 제목/요약/키워드: R-448A

검색결과 118건 처리시간 0.025초

소형 제빙기에 사용되는 R-404A 대체 R-448A, R-449A의 Drop-in Test에 대한 연구 (A Study on the Drop-in Tests of a Small Ice Maker Using R-404A Replacements R-448A and R-449A)

  • 이병무;김내현
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2019
  • 그간 소형 제빙기에는 R-404A가 사용되어 왔으나 지구 온난화와 관련하여 대체 냉매 적용이 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 제빙기에 적용되어 온 R-404A를 대체할 R-448A와 R-449A에 대하여 drop-in test를 수행하였다. 시험은 외기 온도와 증발판에 공급되는 물 온도를 변화시키며 수행되었다. 실험 결과 R-404A의 일 평균 제빙량은 R-448A보다는 5.3%, R-449A보다는 4.2% 크게 나타났다. 이는 R-404A의 기체 밀도가 커서 냉매 순환량이 증가하기 때문으로 판단된다. 한편 R-448A와 R-449A의 제빙량을 비교하면 외기온도나 믈 온도가 낮아 제빙량이 많으면 R-448A가, 외기 온도나 물 온도가 높으면 R-449A가 우수한 성능을 보인다. 일 평균 소비 전력량은 R-448A나 R-449A보다 R-404A에서 대략 10% 크게 나타났다. 한편 성적계수의 경우 R-448A와 R-449A는 거의 동일하고 R-404A의 값보다는 3.0% 크게 나타났다. 현재 R-448A, R-449A의 증발, 응축 열전달에 대한 데이터가 부족한 실정으로 향후 이 부분에 대한 기초 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

주요 성능변수를 근거한 단일채널펌프 설계기술 (Advanced Design Technique for a Single-Channel Pump Based on the Main Performance Parameters)

  • 김성;최영석;김진혁
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.448-454
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    • 2019
  • This paper presents a high-efficiency design technique for developing the serialized models of a single-channel pump based on the diameter, flow rate and head as the main performance parameters. The variation in pump performance by changing of the single-channel pump geometry was predicted based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Numerical analysis was conducted by solving three-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The tendencies of the hydraulic performance depending on the pump geometry scale were analyzed with the fixed rotational speed. These performances were expressed and evaluated as the functionalization for designing the serialized models of a single-channel pump in this work.

간호대학생의 메타인지, 의사소통능력 및 핵심기본간호술 수행자신감이 임상수행능력에 미치는 영향 (Factors Influencing Metacognition, Communication Skills, and Confidence in the Performance of Core Basic Nursing Skills on Clinical Competency in Nursing Students)

  • 장소은;김소영;박남희
    • 한국간호교육학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.448-458
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of metacognition, communication skills, and confidence in the performance of core basic nursing skills on clinical competency in nursing students. Methods: A total of 158 students were recruited from two nursing colleges in B metropolitan city. Data were collected by means of self-reported questionnaires from December 3-31, 2018 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression with SPSS 21.0. Results: Metacognition, communication skills, and confidence in the performance of core basic nursing skills were higher than normal and the relationship between the variables metacognition (r=.69, p=<.001), communication skills (r=.69, p=<.001), and confidence in the performance of core basic nursing skills (r=.59, p=<.001) were highly positively correlated with clinical performance. Factors influencing these three variables accounted for 64.4% of clinical competency. Conclusion: Further research on the development of the curriculum and intervention program, and the verification of the effect are needed.

Effect of Pre-Aging Conditions on Bake-Hardening Response of Al-0.4 wt%Mg-1.2 wt%Si-0.1 wt%Mn Alloy Sheets

  • Lee, Kwang-jin;Woo, Kee-do
    • 대한금속재료학회지
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.448-453
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    • 2011
  • Pre-aging heat treatment after solution heat treatment (SHT) of Al-0.4 wt%Mg-1.2 wt%Si-0.1 wt%Mn alloy sheets for auto-bodies was carried out to investigate the effect of pre-aging and its conditions on the bake-hardening response. Mechanical properties were evaluated by a tensile and Vickers hardness test. Microstructural observation was also performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was revealed that pre-aging treatments play a great role in the bake-hardening response. In addition, it was found that the sphere-shaped nanosized clusters that can directly transit to the needle-shaped ${\beta}$" phase during the paint-bake process, not being dissolved into the matrix, are formed at 343 K. The result, reveals that the dominant factor of the bake-hardening response is the pre-aging temperature rather than the pre-aging time.

NOTES ON (σ, τ)-DERIVATIONS OF LIE IDEALS IN PRIME RINGS

  • Golbasi, Oznur;Oguz, Seda
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.441-448
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    • 2012
  • Let R be a prime ring with center Z and characteristic different from two, U a nonzero Lie ideal of R such that $u^2{\in}U$ for all $u{\in}U$ and $d$ be a nonzero (${\sigma}$, ${\tau}$)-derivation of R. We prove the following results: (i) If $[d(u),u]_{{\sigma},{\tau}}$ = 0 or $[d(u),u]_{{\sigma},{\tau}}{\in}C_{{\sigma},{\tau}}$ for all $u{\in}U$, then $U{\subseteq}Z$. (ii) If $a{\in}R$ and $[d(u),a]_{{\sigma},{\tau}}$ = 0 for all $u{\in}U$, then $U{\subseteq}Z$ or $a{\in}Z$. (iii) If $d([u,v])={\pm}[u,v]_{{\sigma},{\tau}}$ for all $u{\in}U$, then $U{\subseteq}Z$.

간호대학생의 감성지능과 대학생활적응 및 간호전문직관의 관계 (The relationships between emotional intelligence and college adjustment and nursing professionalism in nursing students)

  • 이광옥;채현주
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제14권10호
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    • pp.355-365
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 간호대학생의 감성지능과 대학생활적응 및 간호전문직관의 관계를 파악하기 위해 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 충남 지역에 소재한 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 간호대학생 172명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료수집은 자가보고형 설문지를 이용하여 2015년 12월 1일에서 12월 20일까지 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0 program을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 기술통계, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way ANOVA로 분석하였고 사후검정은 Scheffet 검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과 간호대학생의 감성지능, 대학생활적응, 간호전문직관은 높지 않은 편이었으며, 감성지능과 대학생활적응(r=.448, p<.001) 및 간호전문직관(r=.376, p<.001)은 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 간호대학생의 감성지능을 증가시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발 및 적용하여 감성지능을 증가시키고 이를 통해 간호대학생의 대학생활적응 및 간호전문직관을 증가키시는 것이 필요하다고 할 것이다.