• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.311-318
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• 2005

Transparency on the Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) is the key issue to enhance the public acceptance for a permanent high level radioactive repository. To approve it, all performances on TSPA through Quality Assurance is necessary. The integrated Cyber R&D Platform is developed by KAERI using the T2R3 principles applicable for five major steps in R&D's. The proposed system is implemented in the web-based system so that all participants in TSPA are able to access the system. It is composed of FEAS (FEp to Assessment through Scenario development) showing systematic approach from the FEPs to Assessment methods flow chart, PAID (Performance Assessment Input Databases) showing PA(Performance Assessment) input data set in web based system and QA system receding those data. All information is integrated into Cyber R&D Platform so that every data in the system can be checked whenever necessary. For more user-friendly system, system upgrade included input data & documentation package is under development. Throughout the next phase R&D, Cyber R&D Platform will be connected with the assessment tool for TSPA so that it will be expected to search the whole information in one unified system.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

Because colostrum is considered to be the sole source of passively acquired maternal antibodies for calves, newborn calves must consume colostrum to gain disease resistance during their early years of life. Storage of surplus colostrum from dairy cows right after calving and feeding newborn calves in deficiency of colostrum to assure adequate uptake of IgG for protection of the calf has been a common practice in the bovine production. In the current study, 35 colostrums were randomly collected from 3 colostrum banks located in different regions of Korea and monitored for general bacterial contamination and major bovine pathogens. Immunoglobulin concentrations and BVDV-specific antibodies were also determined to evaluate the immune quality of the colostrums. Moderate to severe bacterial contamination (up to 72,000,000 CFU/ml) was observed in most of the colostrums collected from colostrum banks. General immune quality of the colostrums was under the satisfactory level since most of the colostrums contained less than 50 g/L of IgG, which is the minimum concentration for good quality colostrums. Therefore, colostrum for colostrum bank should be collected at the first 2-3 post-partum milkings according to proper harvesting and handling procedures to guarantee the safety and quality of colostrum. In addition, it was recommended that colostrum should be heat-treated before frozen and stored in the bank because pasteurization at $63^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was very effective reducing the risk of disease transmission without causing significant degradation of immunoglobulins.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.242-252
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a Multi-metric Water Quality Assessment (MWQA) model and apply it to dataset sampled from Paldang and Daechung reservoir in 2008. The various water dataset used to this study included 5 year data sets (2003${\sim}$2007) in Korean reservoirs which were obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea. In this study, suggested MWQA model has 4 metrics that were composed of 4 parameters such as chemical, physical, biological, and hydrological variables. And, each of the variables attributed total phosphorus (TP) concentration in water, secchi depth (SD) measure in water, chlorophyll-${\alpha}$(Chl-${\alpha}$) concentration in water and the ratio of inflow of water into lakes and efflux of water from lakes, input/output (I/O). First, we established the criteria for trophic boundaries. The boundary between oligotrophic and mesotrophic categories was defined by the lower third of the cumulative distribution of the values. The mesotrophic-eutrophic boundary was defined by the upper third of the distribution. Second, each metric was given by a point-oligo=1, meso=3, eu=5. And then, obtained total score from each metric was divided 5 grade-Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, and Very poor. As the results of applying the proposed MWQA model, the Paldang reservoir obtained "Fair" or "Poor" grade and Daechung reservoir obtained "Excellent" or "Good" grade. The suggested MWQA model through these procedures will enable to manage efficiently the reservoir. And, more studies such as metric numbers and attributes should be done for the accurate application of the new model.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2020

Recently, a variety of electric anesthetics devices have been developed and used in clinical practice to reduce the fatigue of the operator during local anesthesia for dental procedures and to compensate for the disadvantages of manual anesthesia device. In this electric anesthesia injection device, the accurate and constant delivery of pressure for drug infusion is a very important performance factor. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the transfer pressure, a small pressure gauge using a load cell is often used, but since the elastic body inside the load cell may not be able to accommodate a sufficient displacement, an error may occur when evaluating pressure performance. For these reasons, in this study, we proposed and evaluated a silicon-chrome steel (Si-Cr steel) spring jig that can accommodate relatively large displacements that can be used when evaluating the performance of a pressure-controlled pressure application device using a load cell type pressure gauge. As a result of the pressure transmissibility test and repeated measurement results using a commercial dental anesthesia injection device, a more stable result was obtained when using a spring jig, and it was confirmed that the frequency of abnormally high measurement was reduced.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

With the development in field of industry and medicine, new machines and techniques are being launched. Moreover, the complexity of the techniques is associated to an increasing risk of incident. Especially, a small error in radiotherapy can lead to a serious patient-related incident, risk management is necessary in radiotherapy in order to reduce the risk of incident. However, in field of radiotherapy, there are no legally binding clauses for risk management and there is an absence of risk management systems at an institutional level. Therefore, we analyzed institutional status of risk management, reporting & classification systems, and risk assessment & analysis in 31 countries. For risk management and reporting systems, 65% of countries investigated had legislation or regulations; however, only 35% of countries used classification systems. It was found that 43% more countries had legislation for risk management in healthcare than those for radiotherapy; 19% more countries had reporting systems for healthcare than those for radiotherapy. For classification systems, 60% more countries had legislation, recommendation, and guidelines in the field of radiotherapy than those for healthcare. Recently, international institutes have published several reports for risk management and patient safety in radiotherapy, owing to which, countries adopting risk management for radiotherapy will gradually increase. Before adopting risk management in Korea, we should precisely understand the procedures and functions of risk management, in order to increase efficiency of risk management because classification & reporting system and risk assessment & analysis are connected organically, and institutional management is needed for high quality of risk management in Korea.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2016

This study evaluated structural alternatives for managing water quality problems by reinterpreting and then applying the robustness-cost index (RCI) for urban flood problems. Cases of endogenous hormone pollution in treated sewage and proliferation of protozoa in intake-water were chosen as representative examples because they have different types of regulation standards for the treatment. Current facilities and structural alternatives with robustness indices (RIs) greater than unity were determined to be robust. The RI was combined with the cost index (CI) to obtain the RCI values. For the endogenous hormone pollution in treated sewage, a human-oriented estrogen $17{\beta}$-estradiol was selected as a target pollutant. The RI and RCI values for a structural alternative, extension of the current sewage treatment facility for advanced treatment, were greater than the values for the current practice of conventional activated sludge process. For the intake-water pollution by protozoa, UV and ozone disinfection facilities were evaluated for inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum. The RCI values for ozone disinfection were greater than those for UV disinfection. Based on the results and the logics involved in the calculation of RCI for water quality issues we studied, we proposed procedures for establishing and implementing structural alternatives for the restoration from and prevention of outbreaks of water quality problems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.239-251
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• 1995

The prevalence of postural hypotension among over 65 year old men is 10-30%. The postural hypotension commonly causes the discomfort such as dizziness, irritability or fainting spell, and for the result it diminishes the quality of the life of aged. Therefore the assessment and intervention of postural hypotension during changing position is very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changing position from supine to standing upright, from supine through left lateral to standing upright, from supine through sitting to standing upright of aged. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The average systolic blood pressure of normotension group is $132.68{\pm}16.04mmHg$ at supine position. The average diastolic blood pressure of normotension group is $80.72{\pm}9.82mmHg$ at supine position. The average systolic blood pressure of hypertension group is $153.92{\pm}20.12mmHg$ at supine position. The average diastolic blood pressure of hypertension group is $93.74{\pm}15.53mmHg$ at supine position. 2. There is no significant difference of blood pressure after three different procedures as mentioned above from supine to standing upright. 3. The prevalence of postural hypotension at standing upright is 13.5% which is 18.8% of the hypertension group and 9.4% of the normotension group. There is statistical difference of the prevalence of postural hypotension between hypertension group and normotension group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2011

Objectives: Industrial development in Korea results in a rapid increase in the number of chemicals, some of which may be responsible for toxicity to aquatic ecosystems. In addition, the types of hazardous chemicals included in industrial effluents have gradually increased. Therefore, chemical analysis alone is not enough to assess ecological effects of toxic chemicals in wastewater. Methods: In response to new regulations as whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests for effluent discharge of 15 publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and 25 industrial effluent treatment plants in Gyeonggi-do, which will be effective from 2011, a necessity of studies emerges that investigates toxicity levels. Results: In case of the public treatment plants, none of them had exceeded the criteria for ecotoxicity. As for individual wastewater discharge facilities, on the other hand, two types were found to exceed the criteria: pulp and paper manufacturing facilities and pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. For the pulp and paper manufacturing facilities, monitoring results could not help determine the exact toxicant identification. However, Daphnia magna inhibition effect or death was found to leave white plums, suggesting that suspended solids treated and the polymer used in coagulant dose. In case of pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, the general water quality parameters cannot affect Daphia magna. However, conductivity and salinity can have an effect to be 14,000 ${\mu}s/cm$, 8.1‰ by salts, respectively. Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) and Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) procedures results appeared to be effective for identifying toxic compounds in $Cl^{-}$ and $SO_4^{2-}$. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop control measures for water treatment chemicals and salts used for processes such as coagulation in individual wastewater discharge facilities in order to achieve the goal to protect aquatic ecosystems in public waters.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.899-905
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the regional difference of chronic periodontal care services in Korea by the analysis of 2010 raw data from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Methods: The subjects were the chronic periodontitis patients over 35 years old from dental care facilities in Korea. The study population was 278,319 including 264,994 claims made by dental clinics, 8,084 by dental hospitals, 3,509 by general hospitals, and 1,732 by tertiary hospitals. Results: There was a significant difference in medical care cost benefit between the provinces(p<0.0001). The age groups showed a clear difference in the patient charge, cost of insurance, and medical care cost benefit(p<0.0001). In consideration of the first visit or revisit, there were differences in the rate of prescription, dental examination, and surgical procedures of the chronic periodontal patients from dental facilities. The radiographic use rate in the tertiary hospitals was 2.6 times higher than that of the dental clinic in the treatment of the new chronic periodontal patients. Conclusions: The use of dental services in the periodontitis is influenced by the types of medical services facility, cost of medical insurance, and patient charge. In consideration of cost benefit analysis, prevention is the most important care for the periodontitis. Regional difference in peridontitis is cause by the use of medical services and quality of treatment.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2004

This study focuses on the assessment for proposed algorithm to discriminate cloudy pixels from snowy pixels through use of visible, near infrared, and short wave infrared channel data in VEGETATION-1 sensor embarked on SPOT-4 satellite. Traditional threshold algorithms for cloud and snow masks did not show very good accuracy. Instead of these independent masking procedures, K-Means clustering scheme is employed for cloud/snow discrimination in this study. The pixels used in clustering were selected through an integration of two threshold algorithms, which group ensemble the snow and cloud pixels. This may give a opportunity to simplify the clustering procedure and to improve the accuracy as compared with full image clustering. This paper also compared the results with threshold methods of snow cover and clouds, and assesses discrimination capability in VEGETATION channels. The quality of the cloud and snow mask even more improved when present algorithm is implemented. The discrimination errors were considerably reduced by 19.4% and 9.7% for cloud mask and snow mask as compared with traditional methods, respectively.