• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.337-393
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and standardize the four scales of Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification 　II (QSCCII). QSCCII is newly prepared by statistical item analysis and is designed to examine its diagnostic discriminability. QSCCII is administered to 1366 random informants. From the survey, we could get the data for the standardization. The criteria of standardization are based on the data from 265 informants who are examined by professionals. Collectted data are analyzed by internal consistency, variation analysis(ANOVA), Duncan test and discrimination analysis of SPSS PC+ V4.0 program. The results are as follows reliability of four scales for QSCCII is relatively valid. The internal consistency of Tae-yang(太陽) (太陽) scale is Cronbach's a=0.5708. That of So-yang(少陽) scale is a=0.5708. That of Tae-eum(太陰) scale is a =0.5922. That of So-eum(少陰) scale is a=0.6319. 2. There is a significant difference between each group through variation analysis of four scales. 3. The process of standardization is based on the average value and standard deviation with respect to age and sex difference of each criteria 4. This study suggests a source of standardization of Sasang Constitution Classification by providing norms in which the differences of age, sex, and number of items are taken into deep consideration. QSCC Ⅱ, therefore, can be applied to every age(the 10's to the 60's) and sex groups. 5. The recalculation of the raw-score to standard value (T-score) shows that the diagnostic discriminability (Hit-ratio: 70.08%) of QSCC Ⅱ brings about 37% improvement than proportional chance criteria (33.33%). Especially, Hit-ratios of Tae-eum In(74.5%) and So-eum In(70.8%) are higher than that of So-yang In(60.0%). 6. QSCC has discriminability only to male informants. Compared with QSCC, however, QSCC II has relatively efficient discriminability both to male and female informants. 7. These results would be a demonstration of the fact that the QSCC II could be used as a tool for sasang constitution classification.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological characteristics of the Sasang constitutions by using Braverman nature assessment (BNA). Methods: One hundred seventy-four students participated in this study, and among them, the 142 individuals who had clearly identified Sasang constitutional types were used for the analysis. Sasang constitutions and the Braverman temperaments of the subjects were determined by using a questionnaire for the Sasang constitution classification (QSCC) II and BNA, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was used to compare the inclinations of the Sasang constitutions and Braverman temperament types. Results: Significant differences in Braverman temperament type existed among the Sasang constitutions (P = 0.042), and the relations between Soyangin and the dopamine type and between Taeeumin and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type were meaningful. Significant differences were also shown in the comparison with the Yin and the Yang constitutions (P = 0.017), and the post-hoc analysis showed a strong and significant relation between the Yang constitution and the dopamine type and between the Yin constitution and the GABA type. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the independent t-test were conducted to examine the BMI and the degree of obesity among the Sasang constitutions and the Braverman temperament types. Concerning the BMI, Taeeumin showed a bigger BMI than the other constitutions (P < 0.001), but no significant differences in the BMI were observed between the Braverman temperament types. Conclusion: Soyangin has a close relationship to the dopamine type and Taeeumin has a close relationship to the GABA type. The correlation between two types were more clear when the Yin and the Yang types were compared to Braverman temperaments. These results may serve as a basis for identifying the psychological traits of Sasang constitutional types, especially in regard to the characteristics related to the four Braverman temperament types.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the premenstrual symptoms according to Sasang constitution and to utilize for understanding the characteristics of Sasang constitution. Methods Thirty one female university students participated in this study and Sasang Constitution and patterns of premenstrual symptoms was determined by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC) II and premenstrual symptoms screening tool, respectively. For statistical analysis, chi-square test, analysis of variance and correlation test has been used. Results There existed significant differences in menstrual symptoms between Sasang constitutions. Taeumin had higher body mass index in severe PMS(Premenstrual Symptoms) group than normal/mild PMS group, and Soyang in and Soeumin are vice versa. Taeumin showed depressed mood and hopelessness, decreased interest in school activities, Soyangin showed decreased interest in home activities, and Soeumin showed decreased interest in social activities. In terms of interfered functional activities, Soyangin had increased feeling overwhelmed or out of control and Taeumin and Soeumin had increased hypersomnia. Conclusion Menstrual symptoms are different among Sasang constitutional types based on PSST(Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool). These results may serve as the basis in identifying and treating premenstrual syndromes related to Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2008

1. Objectives This study aims to find out the factors that affect to healthy level according to Sasang Constitutions by comparing THI health state with Sasang Health Index. 2. Methods One hundred twenty one healthy students from Korean oriental medical colleges participated in this study. We used the Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II) and expert opinion to diagnose Sasang Constitution, and used Sasang Health Index and THI questionnaire to take health information about Sasang Constitution, from 121 people of Sasang Constitution Information Bank. 3. Results 1) The 'Good Sweat' in Taeumin health level was higher than others, especially in case of 'Refreshness after Sweat' and the 'Good Feces' also higher in case of 'Much Volume in Defecation' 'Regularity in Defecation' 'Refreshness after Evacuation'. 2) The 'Good Feces' in Soyangin health level was higher than others, especially in case of 'Thickness'. 3) The 'Good Digestion' in Soeumin health level was not significantly higher than others. 4) The better symptoms in 'Good Sweat', the better health in Taeumin. 4. Conclusions Sasang Constitution Health Level is significantly related with Sasang Health Index.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to address the difference menopausal symptoms according to sasang constitution and menopausal status among perimenopausal women. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study was collected by administering questionnaires that elicited general information. The menopause rating scale (MRS) and Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II) was given to 284 perimenopausal women who met the eligibility criteria and agreed to participate in the study. Results: The study subjects were composed of 27.5% so-yangin, 24.6% so-eumin, 18.7% tae-eumin, and 29.6% undefined category. The total MRS and all subscales were significantly higher for postmenopausal women in comparison to premenopausal women. Especially, so-eumin and tae-eumin displayed significantly higher scores in urogenital symptoms. The MRS score in postmenopausal women who belonged to the group of tae-eumin and so-eumin was significantly higher than those for premenopausal women. However, so-yangin displayed higher scores in psychological and urogenital symptoms than tae-eumin for premenopausal women. So-eumin presented significantly higher scores in urogenital symptoms in comparison to the undefined category for postmenopausal women. Conclusion: These findings suggest that sasang constitution could be an important factor in understanding the woman's menopausal symptoms and identify the best treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to investigate the effect of Taeeumin Cheonghyeolgangki-tang on chronic contact dermatitis caused by cement. Methods : A 52-year-old male patient was diagnosed with contact dermatitis with the Questionnaire for Sasang Constitutional Classification-II (QSCC-II) as well as the four methods of diagnosis (四診), and treated with Taeeumin Cheonghyeolgangki-tang (qīngxuèjiàngqí-tāng). We observed redness and scaling on both palms, and recorded photographs of any changes during the inpatient and outpatient treatment period. Results : The symptoms of contact dermatitis on both palms were significantly improved. Scaling and cracked skin disappeared and the redness almost resolved. Conclusions : Therefore, Taeeumin Cheonghyeolgangki-tang ( qīngxuèjiàngqí-tāng ) is effective on chronic contact dermatitis caused by cement.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to get higher discriminability of the QSCCII on Taeumin. Methods : I analysed each item response rates on QSCCII of those who had been tested and diagnosed as Taeumin, Soeumin, Soyangin respectively by frequency analysis and reviewed Taeum scale of the current QSCCII by reliabiliry analysis and discriminant analysis. Results : 1. From the 758 results of QSCCII of those who were examined by professors, I made a revised Taeum scale which is consists of 17 items including 14 existing Taeum scale items and 3 new items from the other scales. 2. Reliability of revised Taeum scale is 0.5983, higher than that of existing Taeum scale, 0.5922. This means that revised Taeum scale reflects Taeumin's character more reliably than the existing one. 3. Hit-ratio of revised QSCCII on Taeumin is 60.3%, 2% lower than that of existing QSCCII.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-42
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods : Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated the subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results : From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions : These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.187-246
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and standardize the four scales of Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution ClassificationII (QSCCII). QSCCII is newly prepared by statistical item analysis and is designed to examine its diagnostic discriminability. QSCCII is administered to 1366 random informants. From the survey, we could get the data for the standardization. The criteria of standardization are based on the data from 265 informants who are examined by professionals. Collected data are analyzed by internal consistency, variation analysis(ANOVA), Duncan test and discrimination analysis of SPSS PC+ V4.0 program. The results are as follows 1) The reliability of four scales for QSCCII is relatively valid. The internal consistency of Tae-yang(太陽) scale is Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.5708$. That of So-yang(少陽) scale is ${\alpha}=0.5708$. That of Tae-eum(太陰) scale is ${\alpha}=0.5922$. That of So-eum(少陰) scale is ${\alpha}=0.6319$. 2) There is a significant difference between each group through variation analysis of four scales. 3) The process of standardization is based on the average value and standard deviation with respect to age and sex difference of each criteria. 4) This study suggests a source of standardization of Sasang Constitution Classification by providing norms in which the differences of age, sex, and number of items are taken into deep consideration. QSCCII, therefore, can be applied to every age(the 10's to the 60's) and sex groups. 5) The recalculation of the raw-score to standard value (T-score) shows that the diagnostic discriminability (Hit-ratio : 70.08%) of QSCCII brings about 37% improvement than proportional chance criteria(33.33%). Especially, Hit-ratios of Tae-eum In(74.5%) and So-eum In(70.8%) are higher than that of So-yang In(60.0%). 6) QSCC has discriminability only to male informants. Compared with QSCC, however, QSCCII has relatively efficient discriminability both to male and female informants. 7) These results would be a demonstration of the fact that the QSCCII could be used as a tool for sasang constitution classification.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.173-185
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• 2000

1. The purpose of study The purpose of study is The New Sasang Constitution Questionnaire to improve clinical right, as the person takes off uncomfortable to must use both Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC) and Questionnaire of Sasang Classification(I) 2. The method of study I made the judgmental equation, increasing ability of judgment to give thinking importance among each subject about a Clinical study of judgment and the method of using, I investigated which Equation is better by a Clinical Study of the judgment. I made Equation, 9 and examine the Accuracy rate of the judgment through patients, student of University formal peoples and peoples taking the drugs 304 member totally. 3. The result of study I made 9 Equation of the judgment. The Equation of the judgment(I-2) is the highest ability of the judgment, the diagnostic accuracy is 60.53% about Soeum, 52.78% about Taeum, 48.39 about Soyang.