• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

At public spaces, signs have purposes of communicating their information clearly. Especially directional signs point out the proper route showing our surroundings. The present directional signs which are indicating 3-dimensional direction in a 2-dimensional mode seem to be difficult to understand as we are moving. This study has the purpose of investigating the role of present signs and suggesting visually effective directional signs, in particular arrows. Firstly, this study surveyed the user's attitude on directional signs in case of subway station. The research shows that the present directional signs hardly perform their roles to communicate the directional information, which means the need of newly expressed arrows. In this study we consider a new effective expression on the viewpoint of human cognition mechanism. So it is thought that those trials are helpful to efficient sign system.

• Archives of design research
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• no.18
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• pp.153-162
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• 1996

underground space have many negative environmental clements which should be confirmed on location and line of action by the artificial signs. iccordingly, environmental graphics as visual language for popular signification-function have to be studied on sign theory of symbolic meanings. Ho\/ever, its usage has not only decorated by microscopiC appreciative eye but also lost its meanlllg as a visual language which was caused by the negligence of systematic management of the facility in charge Result of study, Visual environmental factors as a cause of behavioral attitude based on the study, which has been carefully considered as a communication of the visual language. Therefore, considering the underground environmental graphics as the: sign or the signification-function, It has to be studied on syntactic, semantic and pragmatic viewpoint. SpeCifically, to maKe the color and formation language a signification-function as a generalized connotation to the public, a distinctive classified Visual language must be applied.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.644-665
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the health hazards and to develop early diagnostic methods of the manganism in experienced welders and to know the meaning of signal intensities on the brain Magnetic Resonance images. It was carried out from December 1996 to february 1997 with 277 male welders, the duration of welding was at least 5 years or more. The study was consisted of a questionnaire, physical examination and measurements of blood & urine manganese concentrations. Brain Magnetic Resonance imaging was done on 19 study subjects by random sampling. As the duration of welding increases, the positive rates of clinical symptoms, neurological examinations and blood manganese concentrations were also increased. However, physical examinations and urine manganese concentrations were not statistically significant with the duration of welding. Authors couldn't observe any Parkinsonism-like diseases. There were statistically significant correlations between duration of welding and blood manganese concentration(r=0.16, p<0.01). There were not statistically significant correlations between duration of welding and urine manganese concentrations (r=0.06). There were statistically significant correlations between blood & urine manganese concentration(r=0.34, p<0.01). By viewing brain Magnetic Resonance images, 13 welders(68.4 %) among 19 welders were found to have signal intensities. The positive rates of clinical symptoms, physical examinations, neurological examinations and blood & urine manganese concentrations were not statistically different between those with signal intensities and those without signal intensities. We would like to suggest that some non-specific clinical symptoms and neurological signs are correlated with the duration of welding but any Parkinsonism-like diseases had not been observed with these welders. Next we suggest that the high signal intensities on TlWI of brain Magnetic Resonance images are not the sign of manganese intoxication but the sign of manganese deposition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2010

In the current so-called age of emotion marketing, the independent form of handwriting of calligraphy is being revitalized in various fields such as advertising, book designs, film titles, posters, packages, BI, and even fashion. Thus centered on Gyeyang-gu at the city of Incheon, 100 outdoors signs that used calligraphy were chosen and we researched a reform plan that could revitalize calligraphy in outdoor signs by classifying them according to current conditions of the use of calligraphy, actual conditions of practical use, expression tools, and analyzing the use of colors. The result was trial requests not only from the formalities industry, but also the financial sector, public corporations, and several other businesses, but in order to provide not only for franchise brand logotypes manufactured by expensive experts, but also provide production of high-quality calligraphy for low costs for small private enterprises, the development of a diverse calligraphy education program, centered on the regional society, will be needed. In the midst of globalization, in order to advertise the beauty of Korean alphabet and to create our own unique street culture, a variety of tools and tactile expressions are demanded, in the future the research on the calligraphy of outdoor signs must be revitalized.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.373-381
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• 2017

Currently, various types of user authentication methods based on public certificates are used in domestic financial transactions. Such an authorized certificate method has a problem that a different security module must be installed every time a user connects an individual financial company to a web server. Also, the financial company relying on this authentication method has a problem that a new security module should be additionally installed for each financial institution whenever a next generation authentication method such as biometric authentication is newly introduced. In order to solve these problems, we propose an integrated authentication system that handles user authentication on behalf of each financial institution in financial transactions, and proposes an integrated authentication protocol that handles secure user authentication between user and financial company web server. The new authentication protocol is a modified version of OAuth2.0 that increases security and efficiency. It is characterized by performing a challenge-response protocol with a pre-shared secret key between the authentication server and the financial company web server. This gives users a convenient and secure Single Sign-On (SSO) effect.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2013

Hospitals in Korea are enforcing a quality control over 119Emergency Medical Services to increase the survival rate of Out of Hospital Cardiac arrest patients. This study is to analyze the factors that effect the survival rate of Out of hospital Cardiac arrest patients by comparing the results of before and after the quality control enforcement. Cardiac arrest patients can be assorted into pre-decision group and decision group. The study analyzed the survival factors which was based on the adequate use of 119 BLS and ACLS usage rates, response time of 119EMS, qualification of ambulance worker, number of EMS team members, and adequate use of AED according to ECG diagnosis. The analyzation was done over total 1,233 of Cardiac arrest patients from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011 After the enforcement of the quality control, the usage of Vital sign check and BLS showed a big difference. Especially, as the usage of ECG showed a significant difference, Shockable rhythm, which is the most important to Cardiac arrest patients, also showed a significant difference. After the enforcement of quality control, the performance of ACLS showed a significant difference in IV. The study showed 119 ambulance workers provided better service in Vital sign and BLS and ACLS after the enforcement of quality control. It is considered a 119 ambulance service effects the survival rate of Cardiac arrest patients. Therefore, it can increase the survival rate and it is necessary to continue a quality control.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

Objectives : Cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, is a useful marker of exposure to tobacco smoke and self-reporting of smoking status is thought not to be reliable. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between the smoking self-report among adolescents and the urinary cotinine test. Methods : The study subjects were 1226 middle and high school students in Hanam city, who were selected by stratified random sampling. The self-report about smoking behavior was compared with urine cotinine value measured with PBM $AccuSign^{\circledR}fi$ Nicotine(Princeton BioMeditech Corporation, USA). The percentage agreement, kappa and 95% confidence interval(CI) were calculated. Results : The overall percentage agreement was 88.6%, and those for boys, girls, middle school, general school and vocational school students were 87.3%, 90.1%, 93.7%, 85,5%, 90.7%, and 78.4%, respectively. The overall kappa index was 0.46(95% CI=0.39-0.54)for overall, .and those for boys, girls, middle school, general school and vocational school students were 0.56(95% CI=0.48-0.65), 0.20(95% CI=0.07-0.32), 0.21(95% CI=0.09-0.34), 0.55(95% CI=0.47-0.64), 0.42(95% CI=0.33-0.52), and 0.48(95% CI=0.36-0.60), respectively. Conclusion : The percentage agreement was relatively high but the kappa values very low for girls, and middle school students. Though the prevalence bias can be influenced by these results, the self-report was not a sufficient tool for the evaluation of adolescents' smoking status, especially in girls or middle school students.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.436-443
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• 2022

Objectives: Previous studies have reported that self-neglect, which may be a sign of elder abuse, can result in suicide among older adults. The signs of self-neglect and its impact on the risk of suicide may differ by gender. Thus, this study explored the association between self-neglect and suicide risk in older Korean adults and examined the potential moderating effect of gender on this relationship. Methods: Data were collected from 356 Korean adults aged 65 or older through an online survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the research hypothesis. First, the associations between 4 sub-dimensions of self-neglect (i.e., daily life management issues, personal hygiene issues, financial management issues, and relational issues) and suicidal ideation were examined. Then, the moderating effect of gender on these relationships was investigated by including interaction terms. Results: Self-neglect was significantly associated with suicidal ideation in older adults. Aspects of self-neglect related to daily life management and relational factors were key predictors of suicidal ideation. Gender significantly moderated the effect of the relational dimension of self-neglect on suicidal ideation. The relational dimension of self-neglect was more strongly associated with suicidal ideation in older women than in older men. Conclusions: The findings suggest the importance of screening older adults with signs of self-neglect for suicide risk. Special attention should be paid to older women who experience relational issues as a high-risk group for suicidal ideation. Public programs and support systems should be established to improve daily life management and promote social relationships among older adults.

• Trans-
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• v.1
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• pp.21-44
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• 2016

Advertisement is composed with symbol and sign with messages trying to express. Especially, ad with dancer introduces goods or meaning of contents with the motion of dance. In this, contents of dance or motion of dancer contains symbol and sign, understanding how ad and dance are expressed meanings with which symbol and the symbolic meaning of dance or dancer on ad. To that end, this study is for analyzing expressed symbol with dance corresponds with the aim of ad and finding the way or attitude of how normal people accept dance by reevaluating symbolic meaning of dance itself. In this study, advertisement producer and director's related data is secured for understanding direction and intention of producer, and previous study related with the study purpose, image, and effect are analyzed for understanding image of dance as a physical sign on TV advertisement. With data from www.TVCF.co.kr. TV advertisement analysis is conducted only with four ads in 2008(Nam Kwang Eng. & Const Co., Lotte Dept. Store(premium sale/gift card), Hyundai Motor Company Santa Fe -Pilobolus) and one ad in 2011(PNS The zone Sash Italy Arena di Verona when dance was used for advertisement with the highest frequency per year. Also, based on considered important factors from repeatedly watching each advertisement, scenes where movement or motion of dancer and screen word is greatly changed are analyzed as a priority. Image analysis of dance is conducted with structure studies based on physical image(line, costume, expression) and dan image(type motion, qualitative feature, mood of dance). As a result, the symbolic dance image appeared in TV advertisement can be discussed as follows. First, symbol and sign of dance on advertisement corresponds with material objects of advertisement. For instance, on the TV advertisement where Lee Youngwoo appeared, his motion as a signifer means challenge for the future of Nam Kwang Eng. & Const Co., with fast turn, jump, assemble turning jump, and sliding. Second, physical image of dancer depending on intention of sender corresponds in general, but there are somewhat differences in image of dance. This makes people to unconsciously recognize symbolic image of dance on TV ad while they watch it at the same time. Especially, when it comes to advertisement, it exposes frequently with broadcasting of organized programs from a broadcaster, living long-time memory. It can be differ based on idea and character of each of receiver. Advertisement is a medium making people naturally adopt cultural art for ordinary people in their lives. Broadcasting public art from TV advertisement widely exposes pure art to people, which was only avaliable for minority, sublimating it as an art of public culture.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.469-477
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• 2001

In this Paper. we describe a home health care service using electronic health questionnaires and routine checkup of vital signs Including ECG (Electrocardiography) , blood pressure. and SpO$_2$ (Oxygen Saturation) . This system is for patients at home with chronic diseases, discharged Patients, or any normal people for the Prevention of disease The service requires a home health care terminal and a PC with Interned connection installed at Patient home. The distance health care management center is equipped with a vital-sign and questionnaire interpreter as well as database, Web, and notification servers with UMS (Unified Messaging System). Participating Physician can access the servers at the center using a Web browser running on a PC available to them at any time. These components are linked together through various kinds of data and voice communication channels including PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) . CATV(Community Antenna TV) . Interned. and mobile communication network. Following the Physician's direction given to a Patient. he or she uses the home health care terminal to collect vital signs and fill out the questionnaire. When the terminal automatically transmits these data to the management center. the data interpreter and servers at the center process the information fo1lowing the Protocol implemented on the system. Physicians can retrieve and review data corresponding to their Patients and send back their diagnostic reports to the center. UMS at the center delivers the physician 's recommendation to the corresponding patient through the notification server. Patients can also reprieve and review their own records as well as diagnostic reports from physicians. The system Provides a new way of collecting diagnostic information and delivering doctor's recommendation to patients at home for their health management. Future works are needed in the development of new technology for measurements and interpretations of various vital signs .