• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 1996

This study conducted to determine the evaluation and improvement for enforcement of the waste recycling system in Pohang city and surveyed 4 areas at the southern and northern districts respectively by a team of two officials during the period 6 February 7 February 1995. The rates of the use for waste recycling system's envelope from home trash were 94.2% at the northern district and 92.8% at the southern district by areas, 95.6% at the group houses (apartments and tenement houses) and 91.3% at the separate houses by patterns of house, the low economic class 96.4%, the middle economic class 96.3% and the upper economic class 87.5% by the economic levels, and the bell method 96.5%, the container method 95.6%, door take method 86.1% in order, respectively. The trash from houses were garbage 57.4%, paper 18.7%, plastic 10.3%, fiber 7.9%, bottle 2.7%, metal and can 1.4%, and wood and rubber 0.7% in order. The rates of the reuse trash(reuse possible paper, plastic, bottle, can and metal) were 20.2% of the total, 21.8% at the southern district and 18.5% at the northern district by areas, 25.7% at the separate houses and 14.7% at the group houses(apartments and tenement houses) by patterns of house, and the door take method 34.3%, the bell take method 17.1% and the container take method 14.7% in order, respectively. There were the double envelopes of the plastic bag from stories 46.3% and the clear plastic bag 29.5% in the waste cycling system's envelopes. There were 1.9 double envelopes in the waste cycling system's envelopes. Garbage occupied more than half of the total trash, so it is need to be compost and provender.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1996

This study was conducted to reveal the relationship between the oral health status and their Knowledges about the oral health of the freshman of colleges in Taegu city. The evaluation for the oral health status through the oral examinations and their analysis of their knowledges on the periodontal disease were done on 216 males and 205 females from 1st to 30th April, 1993. The obtained results were as follows: The oral health status of 421 subject showed that 35.7% was good, 59.1% fair, and 6.2% poor, respectively. In case of the oral health status of females, 41.9% was good and 4.4% poor, and then in males 27.8% was good, 7.8% poor. The oral health status of the females was better than that of the males(p=0.006). The 52.1% among the good oral health status group answered that the dental plaque is the bacterial membrane causing dental disease, and the 23.1% among the poor oral health status group answered same as the above. The 91.8% among the good oral health status group answered that the periodontal diseases can be prevented, and the same answer came out from 15.4% of the poor group. It was found that the better oral health status group had the better knowledges about periodontal disease(p=0.001). For the question about their experiences in scaling the 30.1% of good oral health status group and the 23.1% of poor group answered that scaling is very helpful to periodontal health(p=0.001). About the experience of the education for tooth brushing, the 53.2% of good oral health status group and the 7.6% of poor group had the experiences to receive the education for tooth brushing(p=0.001). About the frequency and the time of tooth brushing, the 53.4% of good oral health status group brushed their teeth more then 3 times a day and 41.8% of good group brushed their teeth after every meal(p=0.001). The result of multiple regression analysis according to the simplified oral health index indicated that the variable having an effect on the oral health status was the tooth brushing frequency, knowledge of periodontal disease prevention, experience in education of tooth brushing and time of tooth brushing(p=0.001).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2014

Objective: This study was conducted in order to evaluate an education program for cardio-cerebrovascular high-risk patients. Methods: To evaluate patients' quality of life, EQ-5D was used and an organized survey was conducted via calls and interviews for hypertension, diabetes patients who had visited the KHyDDI(Korea Hypertension Diabetes DaeguInitiative) education center or 70 clinics through out the nation. Results: The subjects included 537 patients, 320 of who were in the clinic education and 217 of who were in the education center program. Sixty eight of the subjects went through the EQ-5D evaluation before and after the education program. In the EQ-5D index distribution of their quality of life before the education program, there was a statistically significant difference in gender(p<0.001) with higher points among males. Regarding age, there was a statistically significant difference between those aged over 65 years and under 65(p<0.001), with higher points in the group under the age of 65. Further, the EQ-5D 5 scope index was statistically significant different before and after receiving the education(p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, the KHyDDI staged education program is effective for improving the quality of life. Moreover, it could contribute to the complications of the disease through a variety of approaches by considering both gender and age.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine if teachers' perception of professionalism, teaching intentions, and the quality of teacher-child interactions differed by teachers' education and career and how those variables were associated with one another. It was conducted in 50 teachers who were in charge of two- to five-year-olds at 22 national/public, private, and employer-supported childcare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Arnett's (1989) Caregiver Interaction Scale (CIS) translated by Choi and Shin (2015) was used to measure the quality of teacher-child interactions, and the Current Status and Self-Desire for Professional Competence scale developed by Wang (2005) and translated and revised by Jeong (2016) was used to measure a teacher's perception of professionalism. The Teaching Intention Scale (TIS) developed by Wilcox-Herzog and Ward (2004) and translated and revised by the researcher was used to measure teaching intentions. The researcher and the research assistant personally visited the centers to observe the teachers for the quality of teacher-child interactions and a questionnaire for teachers was used to determine a teacher's perception of professionalism and teaching intentions. For data analysis, t-test and Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis were performed on the basis of the questions. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the quality of teacher-child interactions differed insignificantly by education or career. Second, teacher's perception of professionalism differed significantly by teachers' career but differed insignificantly by education: the longer career, the better perception of professionalism. Third, teaching intentions differed insignificantly by education or career. Fourth, teachers with better perception of professionalism showed higher quality of teacher-child interaction. Fifth, The higher level of teaching intentions teachers showed the more sensitive interactions they made with children.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective awareness of smoker patients about the preparation of smoking cessation plans in an effort to lay the foundation for smoking cessation policy setting. The subjects were the selected patients at a dental clinic. A self-administered survey was conducted to grasp their personal characteristics, and the selected answer sheets from 236 respondents were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the extension of existing smoking cessation plans, the largest group (32.6%) preferred smoking cessation education, followed by smoking cessation counseling (28.8%), prescription of an smoking cessation aid (18.6%). 2. Concerning the necessity of a smoking cessation law, the men and the women respectively gave 2.37 and 3.00 to that, and the gender gap was significant. The patients had a significantly different opinion on the necessity of a rise in tobacco price according to their occupation and monthly mean household income, and their took a significantly different view of the necessity of smoking cessation counseling according to their residential area. 3. As a result of analyzing the correlation between their on effective smoking cessation policies and the related variables, all the variables had a statistically significant correlation to each other. 4. As a result of analyzing their opinions on what institution should be in charge of smoking cessation plans, the biggest group answered that dental clinics should be responsible for smoking cessation-aid prescription (50.0%), and the largest group replied that smoking cessation education and smoking cessation counseling should respectively be provided by public dental clinics (37.3%) and dental clinics (44.1%).The above-mentioned findings suggest that the preparation of new smoking cessation measures and the extension of existing smoking cessation plans are urgently required, and that dentists and dental hygienists should make a concerted effort to offer counseling and education to stimulate dental patients to abstain from smoking.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2015

Purpose: As the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) began to cover home oxygen therapy (HOT) services from 2006, it is expected that the new services have contributed to overall positive outcome of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We examined whether the usage of HOT has helped slow down the progression of COPD. Methods: We examined hospital claim data (N=10,798) of COPD inpatients who were treated in 2007~2012. We performed ${\chi}^2$ tests to analyze the differences in the changes to respiratory impairment grades. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that are associated with the use of HOT. Finally, a generalized linear mixed model was used to examine association between the HOT treatment and changes to respiratory impairment grades. Results: A total of 2,490 patients had grade 1 respiratory impairment, and patients with grades 2 or 3 totaled 8,308. The OR for use of HOT was lower in grade 3 patients than others (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.30~0.37). The maintenance/mitigation in all grades, those who used HOT had a higher OR than non-users (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.23~1.61). Conclusion: HOT was effective in maintaining or mitigating the respiratory impairment in COPD patients.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.461-469
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• 2009

To predict the tumor grading, various imaging modalities have been applied clinically. This study determines clinical usefulness of perfusion MRI, using relative cerebral blood volume in grading of the gliomas. We did a retrospective review of 17 patients (mean age, 57.5 years; 11 male, 6 female) who underwent perfusion MR and conventional MRI, and then correlated pathologically after operation. Statistical analysis of regional cerebral blood volume and relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV) was performed by using softwares such as PAT by SIEMENS and Xmap ver 2.0 developed by ourselves. Six patients out of 13 were low-grade gliomas while eleven patients were the high-grade gliomas. Mean relative CBV (m_rCBV/white matter) in the low-grade gliomas was 1.62, and mean relative CBV(m_rCBV/cortex) was 0.12. In the high-grade gliomas, mean relative CBV(m_rCBV/white matter) and mean relative CBV(m_rCBV/cortex) were 33.53 and 0.96. Mean relative CBV of gliomas were elevated with a statistical difference(P<.05), compared with contralateral white matter(P=.019) or cortex(P=.025). Furthermore mean relative CBV(m_rCBV/white matter) was much higher than mean relative CBV(m_rCBV/cortex). Perfusion MRI using regional cerebral blood volume and rCBV is very useful imaging modality for grading the glioma.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-82
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• 2015

This paper is concerned in the theme of the liability for the breach of duty to inform(Haftungszurechnung der $Aufkl{\ddot{a}}rungspflichtverletzung$) and the malpractice of cosmetic surgery. Here, the terms, treatments for healing purposes and purely medical-technical cosmetic operations are well integrated in the category of "medical conduct(medizinische Handlung)" within the meaning of the public and administrative 'Medical Law'. In the judgment of 6. 13. 2013 Az. 2012DA94865 provides the KHGH(Korean Highest Court of Justice) to inform the patient about the prospects and risks of cosmetic surgery(Infrabrow Excision Blepharoplasty) stringent requirements, similar to the judicature of BGH(cf. BGH, Urt. v. 6. 11. 1990, Az.: VI ZR 8/90). Even in the judgment of 5. 12. 2014 Az. 2013GASO865646 the SZLG(Seoul Central Regional Court) recognizes the physician contract for 'cosmetic septoplasty' as a sort of contract for work. The medical treatment(${\ddot{a}}rztliche$ Heilbehandlung) is still regarded as a prototype of the medical activity, therefore in the meaning of the 'Civil Law(KBGB)', its term needs to be used immediately for healing purposes. The cosmetic operation, desired by a patient, differs from the healing treatment by the element of "indication" and the fact that the "healing purpose(Heilzweck)" itself is missing. In comparative context - methodically fully aware that the unreflective term transfer between different laws might contradict their legal purposes - a series of judgments BSG(BSGE 63, 83, BSGE 72, 96, BSGE, 82, 158, BSGE 93, 252 etc.) and some judgments of LSG are reviewed. In addition, also the dogmatic topic for the "legal natur of a medical treatment contract" is to reconsider by comparative introducing BGHZ 63, 306. Now in view of the current state of greater popularity of artificial cosmetic surgery still indeed is the sentences: The doctor is minister naturae, a helper of nature. A doctor promises regularly only the proper treatment of the patient, but the contractual liability for work should not be excluded in medical conditions for cosmetic surgeries altogether. "With cosmetic operations, seeking to eliminate the external deformities, the doctor may miss the medical profession entirely." - A. Laufs, Medical Law, 5th ed. P. 18.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 1994

The primary purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting health promoting lifestyles of college students on the basis of Pender's Health Promotion Model. The subjects were 1,159 students of one university in Seoul. These data were collected by self reporting questionnaire from April 19 to May 3, 1993. This study examined health promoting lifestyles, cognitive-percep-tual factors: perceived health status, perceived importance of health, health locus of control, and health conception, and modifying factors: sex, grade, major, residence type, and attendance at a health care course. The instruments used in this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile by Walker et al. (1987), Health Value Scale by Wallston et al. (1976), Health Locus of Control by Wallston et al. (1978), and Health Conception Scale by Laffrey(1986). The data were analyzed by Cronbach's $\alpha$, mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS PC+ Program. The results were as follows : 1. The means of health promoting lifestyles revealed total 3.33, self actualization 3.74, health responsibility 2.72, exercise 2.80, nutrition 3.55, interpersonal surpport 3.76, and stress management 2.96. Interpersonal support showed the highest score and health responsibility showed the lowest score. 2. No significant differences between sex, grade, major, and residence type, and health promoting lifestyles Were founded(p>.05). Attendants at a health care course showed a significant higher score than nonattendants (p<.001). Male showed a significant higher score in exercise subscale, female showed significant higher scores in health responsibility, nutrition, interpersonal support, stress management subscales(p<.001), residence type showed a significant difference in nutrition subscale(p<.001). 3. No significant differences between perceived health status and sex, grade, major, residence type, and attendance at a health care course were founded(p>.05). Perceived importance of health showed no differences among sex, grade, major, and residence type(p>.05), showed only in attendance at a health care course (p<.001). Attendants at a health care course showed a significant higher score than nonattendants(p<.001). No significant differences between health conception and sex, grade, major, and residence type were founded (p>.05), only significant difference between health conception and attendance at a health care course was founded(p<.05). Nonattendants showed a significant higher score in clinical health conception, attendants showed a significant higher score in wellbeing health conception(p<.05). 4. A significant positive correlation between health promoting lifestyles and perceived health status was founded(r=.2415, p<.001). A significant positive correlation between health promoting lifestyles and perceived importance of health was founded (r=.1475, p<.001). The health promoting lifestyles revealed significant positive correlations in internal and powerful others locus of control (r=.3187, p<.001: r=.1475, p<.001), but revealed a significant negative correlation in chance locus of control(r=-.997, p<.001). A significant positive correlation between health promoting lifestyles and clinical health conception and wellbeing health conception were founded (r=.1241, p<.001 : r=.3047, p<.001). 5. Perceived health status was the highest factor predicting health promoting lifestyles of college students(R=.3415, $R^2=11.62$). Perceived health' status, perceived improtance of health, internal locus of control, wellbeing health conception, powerful others locus of control accounted for 28.19% in health promoting lifestyle patterns. In conclusion, college students who reported more helath promoting lifestyles evaluated their health positively, perceived importance of health highly, perceived their health as affected by theirselves, powerful others but not by chance or luck, and accepted health as high level wellness rather than merely the absence of illness. Those who attending at a health care course had healthier lifestyle patterns. And attendance at a health care course had significant. correlations in these cognitive-perceptual factors. Further studies are required to identify reasons of attending a health care course, and to compare health promoting lifestyles pre-post attending a course related to health care.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2010

Objective:Korea has 3,170 islands with about 188,000 inhabitants. These inhabitants' needs for health services might go unmet because of geographic isolation, slimmer availability of health services, and higher proportion of the elderly compared with the mainland population. Unmet health service needs might result in serious health problems for these island residents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate their unmet health service needs and related factors from population of Nowha island. Methods: The survey was conducted from July 30 to August 1 by trained interviewers. Target population were residents in Nohwa island and the sampling method was incomplete quota sampling. General characteristics, socioeconomic status, utilization of health service, and unmet medical service needs were investigated. First univariate and then multivariate logistic analyses were done for the statistical analysis. Results: 324 residents were surveyed and the proportion of unmet health services needs was 26.5%. People living alone and of female sex had increased health services needs based on univariable analysis. From the multivariate analysis, those living alone increased the health services needs. Self-determined low socioeconomic status and medical aid increased the proportion of unmet medical needs, but these were not statistically significant. Conclusion:In Nowha island, those who are elder, and of lower socioeconomic status had much higher unmet medical needs. The results suggest the need for more social support by qualified health services to solve this unmet medical needs problem.