• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2004

Purpose: This study elicited Korean women's perceptions of the life situations that contribute to Hwabyung, a culture.bound psychiatric illness in Korea, and delineated a typology of the perceived causative factors for this illness. Method: A purposive sample of 21 Korean women was recruited from a church, a senior center in Seoul and a clinic that provides traditional Korean and westernized medical services to patients in the Gyeonggi area. Inclusion criteria were: 1) the diagnosis of Hwabyung by a traditional doctor or "stress reaction and depression" by a westernized doctor; and 2) a score greater than 40 on the Hwabyung Self.Report Instrument. Surveys using the HSRI and individual interviews using Qmethodology were used. Result: The average age of the participants was 53.7 years(range 35-84). The mean score on the HSRI was 46.2(range = 42-52). Data analysis showed that participants perceived three life situations to cause Hwabyung: vulnerable situation, lowered self.esteem, and negative life events. Conclusions: Korean women, suffering from Hwabyung, perceived at least three different causal patterns for this illness. Nursing care plans should be tailored to meet these differences.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10927-10932
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• 2015

Background: Older age is associated with an increase in the incidence of cancer cases. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer in older adults can be stressful because of health decline related to age, comorbidities and inadequate treatment for pain and other symptoms of the disease. This survey is one of the unique studies in Jordan and in the Arab world that aimed at exploring the predictors of older adult individuals awareness towards cancer. Materials and Methods: A stratified random sampling technique was followed to reach a representative sample of 753 participants. The questionnaire of the study consisted of parts regarding demographic variables, awareness about screening tests, and signs and symptoms of cancer. In addition, specific questions related to factors linked to cancer were included. Cross-sectional design was adopted with face-to-face interviews at the interviewees' households. Results: The mean age of the participants was about 63 years; around 44% of them are above the age of 65 years. 'Being convinced that having no health problem makes the individual feel safe and not at risk of getting cancer' was the major reason for not doing a routine health check-up. Conclusions: The low levels of awareness about cancer, as well as the low use of the screening methods were crucial outcomes of this study. Thus, raising the awareness among health care providers and policy makers in the country about older adults' perception of cancer is a high priority.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.215-230
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• 2004

Along with a development of medical technology, a variety of tests, such as laboratory tests, x-ray and endoscopies are being used in health screening tests. As the tests determine the quality of health screening, test items and methods should be carefully selected. This study was to get hold of the test items of major health screening programs in Korea. Most of the health screening programmes focused upon detection of risk factors and diagnosis of life-style related diseases(diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, overweight, drinking, smoking, cerebrovascular diseases, osteoporosis) ,cancers(stomach, cervix, lung, breast, liver, colon, prostate, ovary, pancreas, thyroid, esophagus), infectious diseases (hepatitis, tuberculosis, sexually-transmitted diseases, parasites),chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, chronic renal diseases(bacteriuria, hematuria, proteinuria), anemia, glaucoma, hearing loss, Alzheimer disease, stress, early Psychiatric diseases. The health screening tests were basic physical examination, basic laboratory tests(CBC, urinalysis, liver function tests, lipid tests, glucose, HbAlc, uric acid, electrolytes, serological tests(HBsAg, HBs-Ab, HCV-Ab, HIV-Ab, VDRL) EKG, x-ray(chest PA, CT), endoscopy (gastroscopy, colonoscopy) , sonography(abdormen, thyroid, pelvis, breast) , cytology(cervix) ,bone density, tumor markers(NMP22, alpha-FP, CEA, CA-19-9, CA12S, PSA) and eye tests. Advanced technologies, like CT, PET, MIRI, MIRI/Angio, molecular testings) were widely usedin hospital health screening programmes. In summary, a variety of were utilized by stages or programmes, however a few subjects. tests were utilized in health screening in Korea. Those tests according to sex and age in most of health screening program used tests to excess disregarding health screening subject.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1996

Tardive dyskinesia is a syndrome of involuntary hyperkinetic abnormal movements that occurs during or shortly after the cessation of neuroleptic drug treatment. Typically, the movements are choreoatheoid. Other movements such as tics and dystonia may be present. Nonetheless, any dyskinesia seen in a neuroleptic-treated patient is not always neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia varies widely, which reflects many methodological problems, such as differential diagnosis. symptom fluctuation, masking effect of neuroleptics, validated diagnostic criteria. Of suggested risk factors, only old age has been consistently found to be associated with an increased frequency of tardive dyskinesia. Many hypotheses about the pathophysiolgy of tardive kinesia are proposeed, but time-honored ones are not present. No consistently safe and effective treatments are found. Various treatment modalities signifies the general ineffectiveness of these agents for most patients. In general, reduction or cessation of neuroleptics, if possible, is recommended. Remission or improvemets of tardive dyskinesia after neuroleptics withdrawal usually occurs among most patients within three months.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2007

We spend a quarter of every night on the dream, it means for us to spend about six years having a dream. But, any portion of the dream are remained the mystery in these days and it goes without saying that these mystery have not been solved from old times. So. the people have not known about the essences of dream for a long time although they have experienced in dreaming in the early days of human history. But, It is necessary to consider the dream to modality of disease diagnosis because many evidences that the dream represents the physiologic and pathologic changes in the human have been proved in recent days. So, we are going to inquire into the things being scattered over many texts of the Oriental Medicine, including the Internal Classics(內經). about the dream and to look the diagnostic significances of the dream with some examples of the modern psychiatric accomplishments.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

Objectives : Tic disorder is known to be a chronic neuro-behavioral disease, cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) strategies, like habit reversal training (HRT), are introducing recently. We report the effectiveness of HRT in Tourette disorder, which are very common in clinical settings. Methods : The DSM-IV clinical diagnosis applied by child psychiatrist. YGTSS, Kovac's children's depression inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Abbreviated Conners' Rating Scales, Dupaul ADHD Rating Scales are used. Ultimately, totally 10 children were evaluated. Subject group are consist of 6 boys and 4 girls, and the mean age was $10.90{\pm}1.73$ years old. This study is treatment-refractory 10 patients (from 9-14 years old) though 1 years drug treatment and psychiatric consultation were taken. We administered 5 times of HRT for 4 weeks. Results and Conclusion : There were improvement of scores in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Clinical Global Improvement. Our observations indicate that HRT might be effective in the treatment of Tourette disorder.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2021

Depression is one of the most important psychiatric disorders worldwide. Most depression-related data mining and machine learning studies have been conducted to predict the presence of depression or to derive individual risk factors. However, since depression is caused by a combination of various factors, it is necessary to identify the complex relationship between the factors in order to establish effective anti-depression and management measures. In this study, we propose a methodology for identifying and interpreting patterns of depression expressions using the method of deriving random forest rules, where the random forest rule consists of the condition for the manifestation of the depressive pattern and the prediction result of depression when the condition is met. The analysis was carried out by subdividing into 4 groups in consideration of the different depressive patterns according to gender and age. Depression rules derived by the proposed methodology were validated by comparing them with the results of previous studies. Also, through the AUC comparison test, the depression diagnosis performance of the derived rules was evaluated, and it was not different from the performance of the existing PHQ-9 summing method. The significance of this study can be found in that it enabled the interpretation of the complex relationship between depressive factors beyond the existing studies that focused on prediction and deduction of major factors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of adolescents hospitalized through the emergency room for intentional self-harm or suicide attempts. Methods: This retrospective study used data from the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey conducted between 2006 and 2018 for individuals aged 10-24 years. The clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed and compared across sex and age groups using the Rao-Scott chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis for complex survey data. Results: The most common psychiatric diagnosis was mood disorder (22.0%), and more female patients were diagnosed with it than male patients (p=0.010). The 19-24 years age group was diagnosed with mood disorder the most compared to other younger groups (p=0.012). Male patients used lethal methods more than female patients (p=0.008), and the 19-24 years age group used more drug poisoning and cutting or piercing (p<0.001) for intentional self-harm or suicide attempts than younger groups. Conclusion: Adolescents hospitalized for intentional self-harm or suicide attempts showed significant differences in clinical characteristics across sex and age groups. These findings suggest that measures for preventing self-harm or suicide attempts need to be differentiated according to the sex and age of adolescents.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2005

연구목적 : 종합병원 정신과 자문 실태와 변화양상(1997년과 2002년)을 조사하여 정신과 자문의 추이와 문제점에 대해 파악하고 대책과 발전 방향을 수립하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방법: 1997년과 2002년에 입원하여 정신과로 자문 의뢰된 환자 347명, 317명에 대해서 자문결과지와 병록기록지를 참고하여 정신과 자문 현황을 조사, 비교, 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 자문 환자의 평균 연령이 45.9세(1997)에서 53.2세(2002)로 증가하였다. 40세 이하 집단이 감소한 반면 60세 이상의 환자군이 증가하였고, 특히 60세 이상 여성이 전체 여성환자 중 22.6%에서 48.5%로 두드러지게 증가하였다. 2) 전체 자문 의뢰율은 1997년 2.2%, 2002년 2.29%였다. 자문의뢰 건수는 내과가 각각 57.1%, 44.2%로 가장 많았고, 각 과별 자문율은 재활의학과가 두 해 모두 가장 높았다. 3) 정신과적 진단은 1997년에는 물질관련 장애가 17.3%로 가장 많았으나, 2002년에는 기분장애가 21.1%로 가장 많았다. 4) 자문의의 권고 사항은 약물사용 및 용량 조정에 관한 권유가 1997년 및 2002년 각 59.7%와 68.0%로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였다. 자문의가 제안한 약물의 종류는 1997년과 2002년 모두 항불안제가 가장 많았다. 2002년에는 Serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors와 비전형적 항정신병 약물의 처방은 유의하게 증가되었고, 전형적 항정신병 약물의 사용은 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 1997년에 비해 2002년도의 자문현황은 자문환자의 연령이 증가하였고, 진단별로는 기분장애와 인지장애의 비율이 상대적으로 증가하였다. 약물권유는 잘 받아들여졌으나, 진단적 검사에 대한 관심은 떨어지는 편이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2009

Objectives : Autism is a well-known psychiatric disorder that is presumed to have a neural basis. To investigate the underlying neurofunctional abnormalities of autism, the authors performed single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on children with autism. Methods : Fifty-five children with untreated autism (47 boys and 8 girls, mean age=$50.6{\pm}20.28$ months) were selected from among the patients visiting the child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. Psychiatrists had diagnosed the participants according to the DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) criteria for a diagnosis of autism. All participants were examined using 99mTC-HMPAO Brain SPECT. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis, we compared the participants' SPECT images to standardized SPECT images of normal children, which had been retrospectively selected by the authors, on a voxel by voxel basis. Voxels with a p-value less than .001 were considered to be significantly different. Results : The autistic group showed significant hypoperfusion in the right medial frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and left precuneus gyrus. In addition, they showed no significant hyperperfusion areas when compared to the control group. Conclusion : The findings of hypoperfusion in the medial-frontal lobe and precuneus are accord with hemodynamic abnormalities that have been already reported. Therefore, these findings are compatible with the recently suggested "theory of mind" hypothesis and the disturbances in attention shifting that have been observed in autistic children.