• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2023

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, manufacturing is the implementation of smart factories through digital transformation, and refers to consumer-centered intelligent factories that combine next-generation digital new technologies and manufacturing technologies beyond the existing factory automation level. In order to successfully settle such a smart factory, it is necessary to train professionals. However, education for smart factories is difficult to have actual field mechanical facilities or overall production processes. Therefore, there is a need for a system that can visualize and control the flow and process of logistics at the actual production site. In this paper, the logistics flow of the actual site was implemented as a small FMS, a physical system, and the production process was implemented as a digital system. In real-time synchronization of the physical system and the digital system, the location of AGV and materials, and the process state can be monitored to see the flow of logistics and process processes at the actual manufacturing site. The developed digital twin system can be used as an effective educational system for training manpower in smart factories.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.148-162
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• 1993

There is much speculation that modern capi-talist society is undergoing fundamental and qualitative chnge towards flexible specialization. The purpose of this study is to examine this hypothesis. This paper focusses on: the idea of flexible specialization; the significance of this transition; industrial district; and the implicati-ons of this new production system for Korean industrial space. Main arguments of this study are as follows: First, as all different groups of researchers apply the idea of flexible specialization according to their own specifications, the current debate on this topic is not much fruitful. Not surpri-singly, the concept of flexible specialization has overlapped with subocontracting. This intergration of subcontracting into flexible specialization systems, however, is inappropriate because the two concepts have different historical contexts. The other cause of this controversy is its inherent weekness, conceptual ambiguity. Thus, today's flexibility becomes tomorrow's rigidity. Secondly, transition towards flexible speciali-zation has only been partially achieved even in advanced capitalist countries. The application of dualistic explanatory framework, such as rigidity versus flexibiity, mass production versus small-lot multi-product production, and de-skilling versus re-skilling, has resulted in great exaggeration of the transformation, from Fordism to post-Fordism. There is no intermediary part between two places. Considering that the workers allocated to the Fordist mass production assembly line are not as large as one might imagine, the shift from mass to flexible production has only limited implications for the transformation of capitalist economy. Thirdly, 'industrial district' contorversy has contributed to highlighting the importance of small firms and areas as production space. The agglomeration of small firms in specific areas is common in Korea, but it is quite different from the industrial district based on flexible specialization. The Korean phenomenon stems from close interactions with its major parent firm rather than interactions between flexible, specialized, autonomous and technology-intensive smll firms. Most Korean subcontractors are still low-skilled, labour-intensive, and heavily dependent on their mojor parent firms. Thus, the assertion that the Seoul Metropolitan Area adopts flexible specialization has no base. Fourthly, the main concern of flexible speciali zation is small firms. However, the corporate organization that needs product diversification and technological specialization is oligopolistic large corporations typified by multinational corporations. It is because of this that most of these organizations are adoptiong Fordist mass production methods. The problem of product diversification will be resolved naturally if economic internationalization progresses further. What is more important for business success is the quality and price competitiveness of firms rather than product diversification. Lastly, in order to dispel further misunderst-anding on this issue, it is imparative that the conceptual ambiguity is resolved most urgently. This study recommends adoption of more speci-fied and direct terminology (such as, factory automation, computer design, out-sourcing, the exploitation of part-time labor, job redesign) rather than that of ideological ones (such as, Taylorism, Fordism, neo-Taylorism, neo-Fordism, post-fordism, flexible specialization, peripheral post-Fordism). As the debates on this topic just started, we still have long way to go until consensus is reached.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.27-27
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• 2018

The production scale of mushroom cultivation in Korea is approximately 600 billion won, which is 1.6% of the Korean gross agricultural output. Annually, ca. 190,000 tons of mushrooms are harvested in Korea. Although the numbers of mushroom farms and cultivators are constantly decreasing, the total mushroom yields are increasing due to the large-scale cultivation facilities and automation. The recent expansion of the well-being trend causes increase in mushroom consumption in Korea: annual per capita consumption of mushroom was 3.9kg ('13) that is a little higher than European's average. Thus the exports of mushrooms, mainly Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus, have been increased since the middle of 2000s. Recently, however, it is slightly reduced. However, Vietnam, Hong Kong, the United States, the Netherlands and continued to export, and the country has increased recently been exported to Australia, Canada, Southeast Asia and so on. Canned foods of Agaricus bisporus was the first exports of the Korean mushroom industry. This business has reached the peak of the sale in 1977-1978. As Korea initiated trade with China in 1980, the international prices of mushrooms were sharply fall that led to shrink the domestic markets. According to the high demand to develop new items to substitute for A. bisporus, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was received the attention since it seems to suit the taste of Korean consumers. Although log cultivation technique was developed in the early 1970s for oyster mushroom, this method requires a great deal of labor. Thus we developed shelf cultivation technique which is easier to manage and allows the mass production. In this technique, the growing shelf is manly made from fermented rice straw, that is the unique P. ostreatus medium in the world, was used only in South Korea. After then, the use of cotton wastes as an additional material of medium, the productivity. Currently it is developing a standard cultivation techniques and environmental control system that can stably produce mushrooms throughout the year. The increase of oyster mushroom production may activate the domestic market and contribute to the industrial development. In addition, oyster mushroom production technology has a role in forming the basis of the development of bottle cultivation. Developed mushroom cultivation technology using bottles made possible the mass production. In particular, bottle cultivation method using a liquid spawn can be an opportunity to export the F.velutipes and P.eryngii. In addition, the white varieties of F.velutipes were second developed in the world after Japan. We also developed the new A.bisporus cultivar "Sae-ah" that is easy to grown in Korea. To lead the mushroom industry, we will continue to develop the cultivars with an international competitive power and to improve the cultivation techniques. Mushroom research in Korea nowadays focuses on analysis of mushroom genetics in combination with development of new mushroom varieties, mushroom physiology and cultivation. Further studied are environmental factors for cultivation, disease control, development and utilization of mushroom substrate resources, post-harvest management and improvement of marketable traits. Finally, the RDA manages the collection, classification, identification and preservation of mushroom resources. To keep up with the increasing application of biotechnology in agricultural research the genome project of various mushrooms and the draft of the genetic map has just been completed. A broad range of future studies based on this project is anticipated. The mushroom industry in Korea continually grows and its productivity rapidly increases through the development of new mushrooms cultivars and automated plastic bottle cultivation. Consumption of medicinal mushrooms like Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus is also increasing strongly. Recently, business of edible and medicinal mushrooms was suffering under over-production and problems in distribution. Fortunately, expansion of the mushroom export helped ease the negative effects for the mushroom industry.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1142-1147
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• 2016

Recently, IoT(Internet of Things) has been extensively researching to provide intelligent services by fusing ICT. Especially with the advent of Germany's Industry 4.0, it is emphasized the importance of the industrial IoT to maximize the production capacity. Accordingly, a lot of efforts to spread the smart factory base of industrial IoT have continued domestically as well as abroad. But the current smart factory systems have controlled equipment using the data declared in the embedded systems. Therefore, it is difficult to control environment that lots of equipment is installed. In this paper, we proposed equipment control system based on data base access method for industrial IoT. This method controls the equipment using data base from parameter of equipment. Through experiments that the system apply to mold shot system with a number of variables, it is shown that the proposed method can efficiently control a number of devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.149-149
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• 2017

본 논문은 생산라인 자동화를 위한 로봇으로 제조업 시장 확대에 가장 큰 걸림돌이 되는 가격 경쟁력 및 인력난 해소를 위해 설계하였으며 다양한 소재에 대응하기 위해 그리퍼를 교체하여 적용이 되도록 하였다. 자동화를 위한 로봇은 소재의 내외경 가공 및 검사까지 모든 공정이 일괄적으로 이루어 져야하며 LCD 모니터에 생산수량 및 불량률 등의 정보를 실시간으로 나타내어 효율적인 생산계획을 수립할 수 있도록 하였다. 생산라인 자동화를 위해 로봇의 설계는 Auto CAD를 이용하였다. 부품의 가공은 CNC에 적용하기 위해 자동공급장치를 설계하였다. 가공이 완료된 후 측정한 값을 LCD모니터를 통하여 작업자가 알아볼 수 있게 나타냈다. 외경 1은 40.405, 외경2는 32.201, 내경 1은 23.346, 내경 2는 34.302로 나타났다. 측정결과 불량 측정을 위해 측정부의 결과 값이 나타나며 불량이 발생하면 그래프를 이용하여 어떤 부위에서 발생했는지를 알 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 결과 값은 자동으로 저장되도록 하였다. 생산라인 자동화를 위해 100EA를 측정한 결과 외경 1은 40.40438, 외경2는 32.20164, 내경 1은 23.34830 내경 2는 34.30033의 평균값을 나타냈다. 측정값의 검증은 하이트게이지로 측정한 결과 0.003 이내의 결과를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 로봇 자동화 시스템을 적용한다면 생산성 향상 및 불량률 감소가 가능하여 인력대체 및 가격경쟁력이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2012

As the world wind energy market grows rapidly, the productions of wind power generation equipment have recently increased, but manufacturers are not able meet this requirement. Particularly offshore wind energy industry is one of the most popular renewable energy sectors. To generalize welding processes, the welding automation is considered for steel structure manufacturing in offshore wind energy to get high quality and productivity. Welding technology in construction of the wind towers is depended on progress productivity. In addition, the life of wind tower structures should be considered by taking account of the natural weathering and the load it endures. The root passes are typically deposited using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(GTAW) with a specialized backing gas shield. Not only the validation consists of welders experienced in determining the welding productivity of the baseline welding procedure, but also the standard testing required by the ASME section IX and API1104 codes, toughness testing was performed on the completed field welds. This paper presents the welding characteristics of the root-pass welding of high tensile steel in manufacturing of offshore wind tower. Based on the result from welding experiments, optimal welding conditions were selected after analyzing correlation between welding parameters(peak current, background current and wire feed rate) and back-bead geometry such as back-bead width(mm) and back-bead height performing root-pass welding experiment under various conditions. Furthermore, a response surface approach has been applied to provide an algorithm to predict an optimal welding quality.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.479-482
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• 2008

Since late of 2000, KIER has developed a novel pyrolysis process for production of fuel oils from polymer wastes. It could have been possible due to large-scale funding of the Resource Recycling R&D Center. The target was to develop an uncatalyzed, continuous and automatic process producing oils that can be used as a fuel for small-scale industrial boilers. The process development has proceeded in three stages bench-scale unit, pilot plant and demonstration plant. As a result, the demonstration plant having capacity of 3,000 tons/year has been constructed and is currently under test operation for optimization of operation conditions. The process consisted of four parts ; feeding system, cracking reactor, refining system and others. Raw materials were pretreated via shredding and classifying to remove minerals, water, etc. There were 3 kind of products, oils(80%), gas(15%), carbonic residue(5%). The main products i.e. oils were gasoline and diesel. The calorific value of gas has been found to be about 18,000kcal/$m^3$ which is similar to petroleum gas and shows that it could be used as a process fuel. Key technologies adopted in the process are 1) Recirculation of feed for rapid melting and enhancement of fluidity for automatic control of system, 2) Tubular reactor specially-designed for heavy heat flux and prevention of coking, 3)Recirculation of heavy fraction for prevention of wax formation, and 4) continuous removal & re-reaction of sludge for high yield of main product (oil) and minimization of residue. The advantages of the process are full automation, continuous operation, no requirement of catalyst, minimization of coking and sludge problems, maximizing the product(fuel oil) yield and purity, low initial investment and operation costs and environment- friendly process. In this presentation, background of pyrolysis technology development, the details of KIER pyrolysis process flow, key technologies and the performances of the process will be discussed in detail.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2016

The passenger who use airport spend a lot of time in check-in. They are also delayed in their readiness for departure. Therefore, for decrease in time that is waiting time for handling luggage, recently many airports are expanding self-service. Also internal development and manufacturing for production automation system and IT technology are world-class. So, for localization of self bag drop (SBD) system, I think that application this system in domestic technique and constructing competitive in customer reception system will be efficient airport management. To this end, for looking for optimal conditions when passengers use SBD, this thesis include development simulation of relevance to system. Also this thesis secures information for passenger's in foreign country airport and simulate this data. Finally, that analysis the best management passenger system when the passenger use SDB.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2013

This paper proposes a photogrammetric rectification method based on Bayesian approach as a method that eliminates vertical parallax between stereo images to minimize visual fatigue of 3D contents. The image rectification consists of two phases; geometry estimation and epipolar transformation. For geometry estimation, coplanarity-based relative orientation algorithm was used in this paper. To ensure robustness for mismatch and localization error occurred by automation of tie point extraction, Bayesian approach was applied by introducing several prior constraints. As epipolar transformation perspective transformation was used based on condition of collinearity to minimize distortion of result images and modification for input images. Other algorithms were compared to evaluate performance. For geometry estimation, traditional relative orientation algorithm, 8-points algorithm and stereo calibration algorithm were employed. For epipolar transformation, Hartley algorithm and Bouguet algorithm were employed. The evaluation results showed that the proposed algorithm produced results with high accuracy, robustness about error sources and minimum image modification.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.246-257
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• 2003

Even though the automation of industrial machinery has dramatically increased, most industries still require human hands for the production of goods. Our hands are essential to our existence. For this reason, hand injuries caused by industrial accidents have become an important issue lately. Most hand injuries are external wounds and constitute 38.6% of disabling industrial accidents. This significant statistic cannot be ignored by rehabilitation programs. The rate of success in operations of finger and hand injuries has increased, but relatively less consideration has been given to physical therapy, rehabilitation, research, or systematic installment in terms of welfare, which would help the injured carry on the nominal life they lived before their injury. Therefore, it is necessary to study systematically all related aspects to provide patients with physical therapy, rehabilitation, and social welfare, in order to restore their social, professional, and economical capabilities. Physical considerations, functional usability, and cosmetic restoration, as well as the patients' mental state must be addressed. The results of the study shows several problems. Medical appliances, manpower, and the environment of the treatment rooms are very poor. The patients cannot receive treatment early enough nor enough treatment because of too many patients for too few physical therapists. Close cooperation between physical therapists and doctors, nurses, or related departments is lacking. Furthermore, it is irrational that industrial accident premiums for the exert; e treatment of hand injury patients are not itemized. Lack of recognition of the importance of specialty in hand injury therapists leads to the lack of professionalization of systematic hand injury treatment In order to solve these problems, the professonalism of physical therapy should be acknowledged and particular treatment courses should be available and/or required. Based on the understanding of the hand injury patients' needs, new theories of physical therapy should be developed and modem medical appliances and facilities should be available, in order to provide the patients with qualitative medical treatment, which then will facilitate the patients' recovery.